英语中基本句式 b/SBQ"B%
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英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: L.Y3/H_
S十V主谓结构 a:kAo0@":j
S十V十F主系表结构
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S十V十O主谓宾结构 MqyjTY::Xg
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 Y-VDi.]W
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 i'>6Qo
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 0YH5B5b
五个基本句式详细解释如下:
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1.S十V句式 B}e/MlX3M
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: 2M
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He runs quickly. K$"#SZEi
他跑得快。 @Jt$92i5PS
They listened carefully. --yF%tRMP
他们听得很仔细。 &Mh.PzO=b
He suffered from cold and hunger. (考试大) "J VIkC
他挨冻受饿。 Y.^L^ "%dF
China belongs to the third world country. u'Y
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中国属于第三世界国家。 *ap,r&]#F
The gas has given out. *"%TAe7?~+
煤气用完了。
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My ink has run out. Od1\$\4Z
我的钢笔水用完了。 coP->&(@U#
2.S十V十P句式 $)lkiA&;
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: !xs}CxEyA
He is older than he looks. >m%_`68
他比看上去要老。 \)PB p
He seen interested in the book. c%&,(NJ]K
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 MZgaQU g
The story sounds interesting. l6M?[
这个故事听起来有趣。 T:^.; ZY
The desk feels hard. eG=d)`.JaV
书桌摸起来很硬。 7e_4sxg'(3
The cake tastes nice. }$ y.qqG
饼尝起来很香。 A95f!a
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. ;-d b/$O
花闻起来香甜。 92TuuN#{
You have grown taller than before. cVi_#9u"
你长得比以前高了。 ^ u$gO3D
He has suddenly fallen ill.(examda) &;Ncc,jb
他突然病倒了。 0'sZ7f<e7
He stood quite still. >d 5-if
他静静地站看。 Np\NStx2
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. e$
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他长大后当了教师。 [R]V4Hb
He could never turn traitor to his country. [^"}jbn/
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 @ &jR^`Y.
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: vfSPgUB)
He looked me up and down. bTs2$81[
他上下打量我。 W ?x~"-*
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. 8vx
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他伸出手来摸象。 l;M,=ctB(
They are tasting the fish. &dB@n15'A
他们在品尝鱼。 [REH*_
They grow rice in their home town. >s<Bu' r
他们在家乡种水稻。 Y[*.^l._
He's got a chair to sit on. FQek+[ox
他有椅子坐。 VEV?$R7;
Please turn the sentence into English. &Wy>t8DIK
请把这个句于泽成英语。 gmp@ TY=:L
3.S十V十O句式 S{llpp{E
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: 7\@c1e*e
I saw a film yesterday. kTjn%Sn,
我昨天看了一部电影。 vhZXgp0X
Have you read the story? =2q#- ,t
你读过这个故事吗? m{oe|UVcmr
They found their home easily. 7a[6@
他们很容易找到他们的家。 5$i(f8*
They built a house last year. A":=-$)
他们去年建了一所房子。 N_G&nw
They've put up a factory in the village. Vc0j)3
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 }:?*n:g5
They have taken good care of the children. eNfH9l2k
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 *BxU5)O
You should look after your children well. \HxF?i "
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 UhR^Y{W5
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 rHk(@T.]
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: v1u~[c=|^
He gave me a book/a book to me. }<kl3{)
他给我一本书。 Y"ta`+VJ
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. M19O^P>[
他带给我一枝钢笔。 ]G&[P8hzB
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. ty[%:eG#
他把座位让给我。 o>*`wv
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: 'RwfW|~6
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. #++:`Z
妈妈给我买了一本书。 ZK?V{X{";
He got me a chair/a chair for me. .WeSU0XG
他给我弄了一把椅子。 m,+E5^
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. <=!t!_
请帮我一下。 S^q^=q0F
He asked me a question/a question of me. CVY-U|xFY
他问我个问题。 UQ hD8Z'I.
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: 9k4z__K e
They robbed the old man of his money. X'.lh#&
他们抢了老人的钱。 |+~P; fG
He's warned me of the danger. (g dzgLHy
他警告我注意危险。 ^-Ks_4
The doctor has cured him of his disease. !9qw
医生治好了他的病。 ^^V+0 l
We must rid the house of th erats. X+;#^A3
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 7u1o>a%9
They deprived him of his right to speak. fyZtwl@6w#
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。
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5.S十V十O十C句式 b;`MHEzw&q
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 Us6~7L00
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 i*xVD`x ~
They made the girl angry. 2#R0Bd
他们使这个女孩生气了。 5a5JOl$8
They found her happy that day. @Us#c 7/
他们发现那天她很高兴。 ;M+~e~
I found him out. SbtZhg=S_
我发现他出去了。 BL0xSNE**
I saw him in. %~dn5t;
我见他在家。 ?Rh[S
They saw a foot mark in the sand. Rs'mk6+
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 So NgDFD
They named the boy Charlie. 5M%)*.Y
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他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 .%\R L/
I saw him come in and go out. #E/|WT
我见他进来又出去。
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They felt the car moving fast. SphP@J<ONW
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 t4zKI~cO
I heard the glass broken just now. On;7
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 AB.ZmR9|
He found the doctor of study closed to him. UE/iq\a>
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。 g s%[Cv
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