英语中基本句式 g j]8/~lr
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英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: $ #2<f 6
S十V主谓结构 *+2_!=4V
S十V十F主系表结构 @)vQ>R\k<
S十V十O主谓宾结构 TW70z]B
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 0a#v}w^*
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 Uxik&M
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 );6f8H@G
五个基本句式详细解释如下: JYA>Q&
1.S十V句式 HW,v"
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: .XiO92d9
He runs quickly. \_6
他跑得快。 Il(o[Q>jJ3
They listened carefully. 8"g+
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他们听得很仔细。 D %)L"5C
He suffered from cold and hunger. (考试大) /x$JY\cq`
他挨冻受饿。 1_v\G
China belongs to the third world country. #N>66!/V
中国属于第三世界国家。 e*PUs
The gas has given out. VwZ~ntk
煤气用完了。 2nCc(F&+?
My ink has run out. v1X[/\;U
我的钢笔水用完了。 U` HY
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2.S十V十P句式 ?eX/vqk
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: bHE.EBZ
He is older than he looks. JS%LJ_J
他比看上去要老。 j>:N0:
He seen interested in the book. l"nS+z
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 2ww
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The story sounds interesting. kh2TDxa&
这个故事听起来有趣。 LD5`9-
The desk feels hard. \y(3b#
书桌摸起来很硬。 5V =mj+X?
The cake tastes nice. PQSmBTs.
饼尝起来很香。 LPu*Lkx
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. 6o3#<ap<
花闻起来香甜。 7Vh
You have grown taller than before. R<6y7?]bZ
你长得比以前高了。 a~_JTH4=t
He has suddenly fallen ill.(examda) _0'X!1"
他突然病倒了。 ``:[Jr&
He stood quite still. GPhhg
他静静地站看。 5>
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He becomes a teacher when he grew up. A-=hvJ5T
他长大后当了教师。 6LGl]jHf
He could never turn traitor to his country. ~Hub\kn
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 !8[A;+o3P
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: ^
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He looked me up and down. O$m &!J
他上下打量我。 @!!
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He reached his hand to feel the elephant. XL.f`N.O
他伸出手来摸象。 uZrp ^
They are tasting the fish. FP=-
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他们在品尝鱼。 Nr2,m"R{
They grow rice in their home town. Il&7n_ H
他们在家乡种水稻。 $u~ui@kB
He's got a chair to sit on. ez[x8M>
他有椅子坐。 ?i#x13
Please turn the sentence into English. 87l*Y|osP
请把这个句于泽成英语。 $RY GAh
3.S十V十O句式 jwE=
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: z!bT^_Cc0
I saw a film yesterday. q&v~9~^}d
我昨天看了一部电影。 zqNzWX
Have you read the story? MT>(d*0s
你读过这个故事吗? :g63*d+/G
They found their home easily. p+]S)K GZw
他们很容易找到他们的家。 qX-5/;n
They built a house last year. n)q8y0if
他们去年建了一所房子。 -kLBq:M
They've put up a factory in the village. ]ASw%Lw)
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 mp$IhJ6#
They have taken good care of the children. %pjeA[-m#
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 i:jXh9+
You should look after your children well. UG`~RO
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 g tMR/P:S
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 ' abEY
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: e Fz$h2*B
He gave me a book/a book to me. /fT"WaTEK
他给我一本书。 8ly)G
He brought me a pen/a pen to me.
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他带给我一枝钢笔。 Ff/Ap&0+
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. i3|xdYe$
他把座位让给我。 Y2l;NSWU
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: nD
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Mother bought me a book/a book for me. tb~E.Lm\
妈妈给我买了一本书。 I[K4/91
He got me a chair/a chair for me. 7=?!B#hm!
他给我弄了一把椅子。 Sq,>^|v4&e
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. \w1XOm [)
请帮我一下。 d6tv4Cf
He asked me a question/a question of me. LBD],Ba!
他问我个问题。 -n|>U:
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: &)Qq%\EP4
They robbed the old man of his money. Q+Q"J U
他们抢了老人的钱。 uQ_C<ii"W
He's warned me of the danger. M-h+'G
他警告我注意危险。 [5IbR9_
The doctor has cured him of his disease. cFq<x=S
医生治好了他的病。 Am@Ta "2
We must rid the house of th erats. 8f~x\.
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 7:LEf"vRZ
They deprived him of his right to speak. ]3,9."^
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 ^ICSh8C
5.S十V十O十C句式 #
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在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 cOdRb=?9
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 .up[wt gN
They made the girl angry. V]J"v#!{
他们使这个女孩生气了。 ~x9J&*zxM
They found her happy that day. fh)eL<I
他们发现那天她很高兴。 Ag\RLJ.KD
I found him out. Pf4zjc
我发现他出去了。 | WJ]7C
I saw him in. &uE )Vr4 R
我见他在家。 ?K pDEH~\
They saw a foot mark in the sand. Ws3z-U>j
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 '+$r7?dKP
They named the boy Charlie. _J\zj
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 T2]8w1l&K
I saw him come in and go out. "2C}Pr,p8
我见他进来又出去。 7Z:HwZ
They felt the car moving fast. j}
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他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 *>qc6d@'
I heard the glass broken just now. 8wd["hga<%
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 1t/c@YUTy
He found the doctor of study closed to him. -eV*I>G
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。 ;8vB7|54.
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