英语中基本句式 t+=1 2{9;f
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英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: lFp!XZ!
S十V主谓结构 F!OOrW]p0
S十V十F主系表结构 gd
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S十V十O主谓宾结构 F5N>Uqr*oN
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 S|K|rDr0n
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 xa87xX=a
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 T&9`?QD
五个基本句式详细解释如下: to99_2
1.S十V句式 m>]>$=%
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: %B#hb<7}
He runs quickly. 0s860Kn
他跑得快。 R#Y50hzT
They listened carefully. -M"IVyy@
他们听得很仔细。 wXc,F D$
He suffered from cold and hunger. (考试大) ;EK(b
他挨冻受饿。 oJP<'l1
China belongs to the third world country. rs[?v*R74
中国属于第三世界国家。 ~_ *H)|
The gas has given out. OI~}e,[2z
煤气用完了。 .W!tveX8-
My ink has run out. VVs{l\$=ZV
我的钢笔水用完了。 n4^*h4J7
2.S十V十P句式 y&
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在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: :FnOS<_B
He is older than he looks. p?Z(rCp
他比看上去要老。 aw1P5aPmX
He seen interested in the book. hQJo~'W=
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 d& hD[v
The story sounds interesting. 8G
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这个故事听起来有趣。 mn.`qfMh
The desk feels hard. 5!~!j
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书桌摸起来很硬。 @\ }sb]
The cake tastes nice. |Td_S|:d
饼尝起来很香。 "r@G@pe
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. Yr+d1(
花闻起来香甜。 t')h{2&&!2
You have grown taller than before. )i @1XH"D
你长得比以前高了。 IK3qE!,&U
He has suddenly fallen ill.(examda) JPLI
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他突然病倒了。 L%f;J/
He stood quite still. !Vb,zQ
他静静地站看。 _e_4Q)z-a
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. ;
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他长大后当了教师。 u%xDsTDP
He could never turn traitor to his country. ~Zmi(Ra
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 %]#VdS|N
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: O~6Q;q P
He looked me up and down. UW/N MjK
他上下打量我。 7b46t2W<
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. <5I1 DF[
他伸出手来摸象。 Af9+HI
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They are tasting the fish. {`F1u?l
他们在品尝鱼。 q &
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They grow rice in their home town. um[!
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他们在家乡种水稻。 &bLC(e]
He's got a chair to sit on. ~
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他有椅子坐。 [O_^MA,z
Please turn the sentence into English. f05=Mc&)
请把这个句于泽成英语。 jTfi@5aPY
3.S十V十O句式 {zP#woz2Q
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: Mlj#b8
I saw a film yesterday. VFSz-<L
我昨天看了一部电影。 k_?~<vTM
Have you read the story? 7~b!4x|Z
你读过这个故事吗? X>t3|h
They found their home easily. eh<rRx"[
他们很容易找到他们的家。 Q0~j$Jc
They built a house last year. c@(1:,R
他们去年建了一所房子。 o@/xPo|
They've put up a factory in the village. 0^#DNq*NQ
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 L2fVLKH
They have taken good care of the children. 1,`H:%z%
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 `*yAiv>
You should look after your children well. ?2ItB `<(
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 .N"~zOV<#
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 i8~$o:&HT
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: [U.v:tR
He gave me a book/a book to me. KG8W8&q
他给我一本书。 Y"!uU.=xJ
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. XP?*=
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他带给我一枝钢笔。 }U[-44r:
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. "8(U\KaX
他把座位让给我。 M"U OgS
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: Bo
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Mother bought me a book/a book for me. 6)[<)?A.[
妈妈给我买了一本书。 3t(c_:[%
He got me a chair/a chair for me. K]fp
Go
他给我弄了一把椅子。 kX2d7yQZz
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. CWlW/>yF
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请帮我一下。 YaL]>.;Z:"
He asked me a question/a question of me. kuKa8c
他问我个问题。 Eg8i _s~:
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: [uR/M
They robbed the old man of his money. yn~P{}68
他们抢了老人的钱。 9%!dNnUk
He's warned me of the danger. T PYDs+U
他警告我注意危险。 p2d\ZgWD=)
The doctor has cured him of his disease. (-"`,8K 2}
医生治好了他的病。 MYdx .NZT
We must rid the house of th erats. Gi7RMql6Q
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 ctJ&URCi#
They deprived him of his right to speak. P}r)wAt
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 d`%Mg&