英语中基本句式 ,T<
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英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: )ffaOS!\
S十V主谓结构
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S十V十F主系表结构 {E
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S十V十O主谓宾结构 Qs6Vu)U=
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 a(~Y:v
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 <gkE,e9
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 ~v.mbh
五个基本句式详细解释如下: m9DFnk<D
1.S十V句式 >u&D@7~c
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: ew~Z/ A
He runs quickly. =9GALoGL
他跑得快。 4]h/t&ppq
They listened carefully. ayy\7b
他们听得很仔细。 Lt't
He suffered from cold and hunger. (考试大) <l{oE?N
他挨冻受饿。 wUv?;Y$C
China belongs to the third world country. 9\_AB.Z:
中国属于第三世界国家。 h;gc5"mG
The gas has given out. gwoe1:F:J
煤气用完了。 dLiiJ6pl*
My ink has run out. k$3pmy*
我的钢笔水用完了。 i%K6<1R;y{
2.S十V十P句式 pl`4&y%Me
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: lYG`)#T
He is older than he looks. $ZM'dIk?
他比看上去要老。 41X`.
He seen interested in the book. \f9WpAY
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 |>;PV4])(
The story sounds interesting. 0;bdwIP3
这个故事听起来有趣。 $6rm;UH
The desk feels hard. hIe .Mv-I)
书桌摸起来很硬。 DBAyc#
The cake tastes nice. @+b$43^
饼尝起来很香。 >+M[!;m}
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. @xWWN
花闻起来香甜。 ]
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You have grown taller than before. MQoA\
你长得比以前高了。 &-=~8
He has suddenly fallen ill.(examda) !Cr3>tA
他突然病倒了。 "\o#YC
He stood quite still. iB)\*)
他静静地站看。
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He becomes a teacher when he grew up. \?n6l7*t>
他长大后当了教师。 cY5&1Shb~
He could never turn traitor to his country. a=MN:s?Fc0
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 0
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注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: JvAXLT
He looked me up and down. ,JwX*L<:
他上下打量我。 =8]`-(
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. n#X~"|U`
他伸出手来摸象。 hz:7W8
They are tasting the fish. |m's)
他们在品尝鱼。 ,WyEwc]
They grow rice in their home town. [Mu9"kF
他们在家乡种水稻。 l[E^nh>
He's got a chair to sit on. }b2YX+/e$f
他有椅子坐。 .n7@$kq
Please turn the sentence into English. 9Q9{>d#"
请把这个句于泽成英语。 (HRj0,/^
3.S十V十O句式 i9ySD
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: og";mC
I saw a film yesterday. f/Y&)#g>k
我昨天看了一部电影。 j@4MV^F2c
Have you read the story? ZxtO.U2
你读过这个故事吗? `KZV@t
They found their home easily. %Y~"Stmx
他们很容易找到他们的家。 f"7MYw\
They built a house last year. !.UE} ^TV
他们去年建了一所房子。 c0o]O[
They've put up a factory in the village. 1]/;qNEv
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 D9+qT<ojN
They have taken good care of the children. N}#Rw2Vl
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 bUcp8
You should look after your children well. 9n(68|^$
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 O|t>.<T?
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 (?l ]}p^[
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: /phMrL=
He gave me a book/a book to me. cvsH-uAp
他给我一本书。 BWxfY^,'&6
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. 3zB'AG3b
他带给我一枝钢笔。 'xta/@Sq
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. Al?
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他把座位让给我。 Ue
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注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: )B]s.w
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. q0}u%Yz
妈妈给我买了一本书。 z I2DQ]
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He got me a chair/a chair for me. ;+DEU0|pe
他给我弄了一把椅子。 KKsVZ~<6u
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. +.~K=.O)
请帮我一下。 ^mLX}E]
He asked me a question/a question of me. D _dv8
他问我个问题。 }<~(9_+
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: `qJJ{<1&U
They robbed the old man of his money. rQl9SUs
他们抢了老人的钱。 U@q
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He's warned me of the danger. WOn<JCh]
他警告我注意危险。 q;#AlquY @
The doctor has cured him of his disease. ^B1Ft5F`b
医生治好了他的病。 by+xK~>
We must rid the house of th erats. 5Xr})%L
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 y7/4u-_c
They deprived him of his right to speak. Pd+*syOM
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 p0W<K
5.S十V十O十C句式 2FZT
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 8KJ`+"<=@
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 Gx$m"Jeq\
They made the girl angry. h[u@UGK%
他们使这个女孩生气了。 \ n2MP
They found her happy that day. FS5iUH+5
他们发现那天她很高兴。 c3GBY@m
I found him out. sSfP.R
我发现他出去了。 ll0y@@Iy
I saw him in. 8x-19#
我见他在家。 [R1|=kGU
They saw a foot mark in the sand. mxZ+r#|di
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 Yr"Of*VNH
They named the boy Charlie. QGI@5
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 Z$INmo6
I saw him come in and go out. 7[P-;8)tq
我见他进来又出去。 qCI7)L`
They felt the car moving fast. . q
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他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 F?tWx+N<{
I heard the glass broken just now. 9[JUJ,#X'0
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 ,,G"EF0A
He found the doctor of study closed to him. DzMg^Kp
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。 kh#QT_y
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