英语中基本句式 T#I}w\XlhP
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英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: (wxi!
S十V主谓结构 l0ZK)
S十V十F主系表结构 jzWgyI1b
S十V十O主谓宾结构 &arJe!K
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 _t4(H))]vG
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 _oefp*iWS
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 G_ ~qk/7mF
五个基本句式详细解释如下: t.bM]QU!1
1.S十V句式 ``{GU}n
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: '9&@?P;
He runs quickly. |'x"+x
他跑得快。 "s t+2#{
They listened carefully. k!6m'}v
他们听得很仔细。 q,;wD1_wG
He suffered from cold and hunger. (考试大) hw
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他挨冻受饿。 IfI:|w}:"r
China belongs to the third world country. cw0uLMqr`
中国属于第三世界国家。 s8';4z
The gas has given out. #)S&Z><<
煤气用完了。 Jv]$@>#
My ink has run out. !g#y$
我的钢笔水用完了。 Q0ba;KPm
2.S十V十P句式 sEL0h4
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: pXA|'U5]
He is older than he looks. )vuIO(8F#
他比看上去要老。 8;f5;7Mn
He seen interested in the book. w:=:D=xH2
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 %8YUK/(|n
The story sounds interesting. Qj|tD+<
这个故事听起来有趣。 S&J5QZjC
The desk feels hard. J5xZLv
书桌摸起来很硬。 >8$Lqj^i
The cake tastes nice. Z=a~0&G
饼尝起来很香。 .%M80X{5~
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. )gAqWbkB
花闻起来香甜。 7fl{<uf
You have grown taller than before. Dg}EI^ d
你长得比以前高了。 <B @z>V
He has suddenly fallen ill.(examda) t=jG $A
他突然病倒了。 [b~+VeP+p4
He stood quite still. lW4 6S
他静静地站看。 (iJ
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He becomes a teacher when he grew up. s; sr(34
他长大后当了教师。 ,F "P/`i'
He could never turn traitor to his country. X[SIk%{D
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 Q6N?cQtOT
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: = U[$i"+
He looked me up and down. /R>YDout}
他上下打量我。 -*kZ2grLt
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. 4`Jf_C
他伸出手来摸象。 )XoMOz
They are tasting the fish. 1hc`s+N
他们在品尝鱼。 ~Qf\DTM&
They grow rice in their home town. lB!M;2^)X
他们在家乡种水稻。 e-VGJxR
He's got a chair to sit on. 'Axe:8LA'
他有椅子坐。 8m[o*E.4F
Please turn the sentence into English. 6l2Os
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请把这个句于泽成英语。 Cj/!m
3.S十V十O句式 r- Y7wM`TZ
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: "EE(O9q
I saw a film yesterday. #<#-B v
我昨天看了一部电影。 *Y!RU{w+Z
Have you read the story? B$S@xD $
你读过这个故事吗? xZ
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They found their home easily. *&V"x=ba,
他们很容易找到他们的家。 0sCWIGUW
They built a house last year. B$7Cjv
他们去年建了一所房子。 6 B7
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They've put up a factory in the village. R0|4KT-
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他们在村里建了一座工厂。 'QTa<Z)E
They have taken good care of the children. ='-/JH~
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 ?JW/Stua
You should look after your children well. {s6hi#R>
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 D z[,;
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 7|o}m}yVx
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: 4H{$zMq8
He gave me a book/a book to me. _ D"S
他给我一本书。 9%m^^OOf
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. EoS6t
他带给我一枝钢笔。 9! yDZ<s
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. mcs!A/]<
他把座位让给我。
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注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: <~u-zaN<W
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. QT|\TplJt
妈妈给我买了一本书。 j%':M
He got me a chair/a chair for me. dqi31e{*2\
他给我弄了一把椅子。 Q@"!uB.e
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. Dv4 H^
请帮我一下。 "Id1H
He asked me a question/a question of me. ~3|)[R=+p1
他问我个问题。 ']Z%6_WF
注意,下边动词只有一种说法:
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They robbed the old man of his money. &y-z[GR[{
他们抢了老人的钱。 `H9!Z$7G
He's warned me of the danger. =%B}8$.|
他警告我注意危险。 &4*f28 s
The doctor has cured him of his disease. F|P?|
医生治好了他的病。 P~PM $e
We must rid the house of th erats.
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我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 t7*F,
They deprived him of his right to speak. =6=l.qyYK
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 s~c cx"HH
5.S十V十O十C句式 qV-1aaA
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 DW)X3A(^
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 )"63g
They made the girl angry. 4Vd[cRh2
他们使这个女孩生气了。 5JG`FRW!
They found her happy that day. *r|13|k
他们发现那天她很高兴。 (v$
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I found him out. V8Z@y&ny
我发现他出去了。 "kKIv|`
I saw him in. +^.xLTX`$
我见他在家。 ojVN-*5
They saw a foot mark in the sand. FR\r/+n:t0
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 cVSns\QO
They named the boy Charlie. C%/@U[;
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 ^GiWU +`
I saw him come in and go out. 46H@z=5
我见他进来又出去。 0;w84>M
They felt the car moving fast. LwH+X:?i
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 -.Z
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I heard the glass broken just now. s,M]f,T
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 %iZ~RTY6 !
He found the doctor of study closed to him. vJ;0%;eu[!
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。 }t1 q5@QU
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