英语中基本句式 lCC(N?%Q
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英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: 3 F ke#t
S十V主谓结构 & U6 bOH%P
S十V十F主系表结构 M8}t`q[-&
S十V十O主谓宾结构 rXG?'jN
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 M^3pJ=;5
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 >4@/x{{
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 2!E@Gbhm5
五个基本句式详细解释如下: ;Uv/#"r
1.S十V句式 Ihn+_Hu
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: SFQYrY
He runs quickly. 1@L|EFa
他跑得快。 /n&Y6@W
They listened carefully. 9/_
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他们听得很仔细。 W-UMX',0zS
He suffered from cold and hunger. (考试大) B=p6pf
他挨冻受饿。 q*E<~!jL
China belongs to the third world country. M 1
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中国属于第三世界国家。 znxP.=GB
The gas has given out. ?0%3~E`l:
煤气用完了。 Zl4X,9Wt
My ink has run out. UG5AFZ\
我的钢笔水用完了。 D{) K00mm
2.S十V十P句式 _9<nM48+t
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: yJRqX]MLA
He is older than he looks. !Yi2g-(
他比看上去要老。 =}1)/gcM
He seen interested in the book. 2 f8\Osn>m
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 (.Th?p%>7
The story sounds interesting. dvX[,*wz
这个故事听起来有趣。 c`E0sgp
The desk feels hard. F).7%YfY
书桌摸起来很硬。 5HqvSfq>?
The cake tastes nice.
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饼尝起来很香。 3Ud{W$Ym
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. d"0=.sA
花闻起来香甜。 =euMOs
You have grown taller than before. bCL/"OB
你长得比以前高了。 =73aME}
He has suddenly fallen ill.(examda) dMlJ2\]u
他突然病倒了。
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He stood quite still. \WPy9kRU
他静静地站看。 #9e 2+5s
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. "969F(S$
他长大后当了教师。 57jDsQAj
He could never turn traitor to his country. o5;|14O
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 nIEIb.-
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: k@
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He looked me up and down. V
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他上下打量我。 [U@;EeS
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. 8O| w(z
他伸出手来摸象。 's\rQ-TV
They are tasting the fish. !%/2^
他们在品尝鱼。 8'-E>+L
They grow rice in their home town. 1deK}5'
他们在家乡种水稻。 t3<HE_B|
He's got a chair to sit on. qoAJcr2uN
他有椅子坐。 orZwm9#].
Please turn the sentence into English. Q6$^lRNOpk
请把这个句于泽成英语。 B,4
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3.S十V十O句式 Z
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在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: 7?]
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I saw a film yesterday. \F9HsR6
我昨天看了一部电影。
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Have you read the story? IN=l|Q$8f
你读过这个故事吗? gJg%3K~,
They found their home easily. F#Bi*YY
他们很容易找到他们的家。 5|g#>sx>`q
They built a house last year. EASN#VG
他们去年建了一所房子。 :MILOwF
They've put up a factory in the village. ^:2>I $
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 =/kT|
They have taken good care of the children. @5\/L6SRfL
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 N6h.zl&04
You should look after your children well. W:1GY#Pe
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 IRbZ ;*3dO
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 Bw4PxJs-
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: k-8$43
He gave me a book/a book to me. #4{9l
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他给我一本书。 e[%g'}D:-
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. cxxrvP-
他带给我一枝钢笔。 to3D#9Ep
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. p}
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他把座位让给我。 ^:]~6p#
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: F}4jm,w
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. f/]g@/`
妈妈给我买了一本书。 Q);^gV
He got me a chair/a chair for me. :\,3=suWq
他给我弄了一把椅子。 X
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Please do me a favor/a favor for me. zP#%ya:I
请帮我一下。 )Tj\ym-Vl
He asked me a question/a question of me. nnBl:p>< k
他问我个问题。 hFr?84sAd
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: *m`KY)b=l
They robbed the old man of his money. s(M8 Y
他们抢了老人的钱。 3NC-)S
He's warned me of the danger. /WE1afe_R
他警告我注意危险。 l/@t>%
The doctor has cured him of his disease. "jEf$]
医生治好了他的病。 o;2QZ"v
We must rid the house of th erats. xbhU:,o
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 gv,8Wo
They deprived him of his right to speak. |HMpVT-;j
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 \t
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5.S十V十O十C句式 pt+[BF 6P
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 U>s$}Y:+Z
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 T?'Vb
They made the girl angry. L.) 0!1
他们使这个女孩生气了。 &o$Pwk\p/
They found her happy that day. x)Ls(Xh+g
他们发现那天她很高兴。 p2:>m\
I found him out. b 6B5
我发现他出去了。 =v
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I saw him in. X,"(G}KUA
我见他在家。 8e3I@mv
They saw a foot mark in the sand. WVfwt.Y
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 oyeJ"E2
They named the boy Charlie.
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他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 mE}@}@(
I saw him come in and go out. O^,%V{]6\
我见他进来又出去。 A%$ZB9#zQ
They felt the car moving fast. 1SGLA"r
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 l@OY8z-_
I heard the glass broken just now. ;9rS[$^$O
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 d1rIU6
He found the doctor of study closed to him. #7}1W[y9}l
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。 J>XMaI})U
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