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 考博英语语法归纳
英语语法归纳 = 17t-
[
一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式 F~P%AjAx'
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d pR. 2．被动形式 H*$jc\
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a- |*?{o vA]W|sLF9 Pl"Nus v CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 @M5#S7q"; v 时间状语从句当中的时态： p4-o/8rO |>tKq;/ ZRg;/sX] 一般过去时 所有的过去 JQ6zVS2SSS 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 b/{t|io{ 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 b#hDHSdZ, 一．非谓语动词 H=Y{rq @
一．不定式： ]2\VweV
D b1pW=66: 一）不定式的常考形式： L& %s[
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_qNq{ 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. zBk'{[y9L 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. D~$r\ ]av 语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生 w6 W}"Uw
P%(O| 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. 'zGo?
a 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. !=:$lzS^ 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 4*cU <
kMt 8/ E` 二）不定式常考的考点： 7TDy.]
3 YFU*f, 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 )Hk3A$6(
!Y\D?rKZ 2）不定式做状语----目的 X7i/fm{l'
HO}Hh[{V9 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. qycI(5S,
~tR~?b T 三)不定式的省略 * ]VFvh
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i 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel Bxfc}vC.
uJ5Eka + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； yA.4 G_|I + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 NZ-\h I saw him work in the garden yesterday. de; GrPLAi
[h 34d5'w 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) eL\;Nf+Zp I saw him working in the garden yesterday. $} =krz:r 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） d\61; C v 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. 5i1>I=N 2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to (jFGa2{
krC{ ed I ‘d like to have John do it. m ysetv&5
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rrG/3 I have my package weighed. n ;$5Cq!v=
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Df Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. _&j}<K$- (
Z6_N$Z.A 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do 1QU:?_\6@t
C_n9T{k 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： ]"1`+q6i
z 6?)3' want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do kRTwaNDOD force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do e|p$d:#! be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do _= NwQu\_F )Lwc 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式 S6+y?,^
HVP"A3}KC accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to. -GqT7`:(H4 三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。 GW$.lo1|)
9$Xu,y He needs (a lot of) encouraging. <% Ostqj 't_[dSO
=Uj-^qc E 二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词 X83 w@-$}
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kl l 1)是名词 seeing is believing .h&
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K 2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary. *_KFW@bC: 一)动名词的形式: (vB<%l.&
qqu.EE 一般形式：I don't like you smoking. +q)5dYRzV
完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice. >TP7 }u| 被动形式：This question is far from being settled. )DeA} e ?F 二) 动名词常考的点 u_ '!_T L
2 OwV^-OG 1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数 LK;k'IJ
wo3w tx 2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词 h^* 4
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(&P9+Tl 3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语. 5 gv/Pq &
)6w}<W*1E I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon． q-rB 2 A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对） !p[9{U->o; I regret not having taken your advice. v 0kqu 4)有些词后只能接动名词 yY&3p1AxW]
rC7 ``#5 admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand... (s1k$@d 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法： tU^kQR! it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point... Kv rX{F= ^47PLLRP RC^9HuR& 5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可 iajX ~k v
! {82D [5 remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。 /% I7Vc
LFZ iPu I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作) "ywh9cp
e|rg;`AW I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作) oM)h #8bq
a2f^x@0k forgot与remember的用法类似。 P1U*g! I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你… =rd |0K"(r
:qvI%1cP= I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。 S/`%Q2za4 try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness. <|*'O5 B
?,=f\Fz! try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day. ]O`
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8*SP~q I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。 jDRe)bo4 To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。 R|P_GN6 > prefer的用法： y#<MV H 我宁愿在这里等。 kL90&nP I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。） A;J MV+2N I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。） O3N_\B: I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。） \]Dt4o*yZ -/D|]qqHm
*RR[H6B^]X 3 分词： -#29xRPk
t ehUD&
现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态 [`Cq\m I-W
现在分词的形式: >J= <bhR
1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生) n^ho cGH*
2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前) t/Z:)4Z
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3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动) 7W9~1
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过去分词 `!G7k
1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared. cUK\x2
2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做) !]S=z^" <
这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。 l #@&~f [
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