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 考博英语语法归纳
英语语法归纳
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一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式 8I,QD`
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!E& MBAKy h,hL?imD xOM_R2Md v CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 5Jw"{V?Ak v 时间状语从句当中的时态： "7?t)FOo p5`ZyD ]+ pVz pN8! 一般过去时 所有的过去 P#F_>GB 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 CLktNR(45 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 2 mq%|VG' 一．非谓语动词 IrUi
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一．不定式： [>wzl"cHW
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>& [3 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. W RY~fM 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. pr)K{~m]{< 语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生 j^rYFS
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&EGY+p|2 Y 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. <
) Alb\Z 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. QWKs[yfdo 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 ~X[S<Gi#
]}/mFY ?7 二）不定式常考的考点： 9ec0 ^T
17|@f 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 v)% [
|z ] aa 2）不定式做状语----目的 9armirfV'P
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@pTD{OW? 三)不定式的省略 2B5A!? ~>
dD : 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel `Fz \wPd
v/]Qq + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； C{8i7D + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 OiYNH~hv I saw him work in the garden yesterday. n9N#&Q"7m
qPL^zM+ 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) /A %om|+Gq I saw him working in the garden yesterday. I 93 ~8wQ 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） R5m`;hF v 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. x%_qJ]o 2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to (y-x01H
MMd0O X)P I ‘d like to have John do it. i,mrMi
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1M 7\:te* I have my package weighed. ?BW
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.jvSAV5B Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. A2}Z
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`G_(xN7O 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do 7 p
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Qw3a" k- 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： %GVEY
} l :mN want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do # )W8. force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do >P<k [vF be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do Nm H}"ndv+ a) I=U [ 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式 pb =jvK
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z(] accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to. &4mfzpK 三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。 ?F?\uC2 )'
>XD02A[ He needs (a lot of) encouraging. #Pb7E L#c n4ds;N3Hd
sYAG,r>h 二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词 M9uH&CD6U
r6O7&Me< 1)是名词 seeing is believing ,xAM[h & 2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary. $Nt=gSW w5 一)动名词的形式: 9J-!o]f .b
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一般形式：I don't like you smoking. ;55tf
l 完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice. 'T&=$9 g7 被动形式：This question is far from being settled. X]+(c_i:hC 二) 动名词常考的点 +(QMy&DtS
\dp9@y[^ 1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数 S5*~r@8h
T>%uRK$ 2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词 j(@g
i#M a -0# 3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语. < 6}f2^
07T;IV3#C5 I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon． y:hCBgc;`c A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对） JEm?26n X I regret not having taken your advice. XoH [MJC 4)有些词后只能接动名词 }0Kqy;
JT.\f,z& admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand... i)ES;b4 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法： DiYJlD& it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point... 7fN &Q~. 9(N)MT5F .Kh(F 6
s 5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可 {-v\&w
a' >$88tl remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。 :,}:c%-^"
_#^A:a^e8 I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作) @]ptY*
LO$#DHPt I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作) Qq FfR#
2=/g~rp* forgot与remember的用法类似。 wsb=[$C I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你… ;FgEE%
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? I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。 6ImV5^l try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness. Xv5Ev@T
c@o/Cv try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day. d S;|Kl[Om
^K 77V$v I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。 48&KdbGX To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。 AZ]SRz9mKY prefer的用法： %yuIX
OJ 我宁愿在这里等。
4qS S<SqY I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。） )r|zi
Z {F I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。） LN6 JH ! I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。） : .w 'gU_ ubC JZ"!
tv=FFfQ 3 分词： X" khuyT_
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现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态 +$m skj0s
现在分词的形式: $5 "-s]
1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生) dBq,O%$oq
2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前) \=G
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3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动) J%[N-
过去分词 <$3nD b-
1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared. gMK3o8B/
2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做) rnBeL _8 C
这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。 TtjSLkF
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