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 考博英语语法归纳
英语语法归纳 0WT {,/>
一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式 K )[]fm
Vw[ 6 t>` 2．被动形式 R-NS,i={
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}8 @M@ %9k!A]KD v CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 M v a3+T v 时间状语从句当中的时态： U ~}
U\_ {%VV\qaC u)ev{)$TM 一般过去时 所有的过去 is1' s[ 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 Sr&515 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 &I Sb~5 一．非谓语动词 r'dr9"-{
一．不定式： Rw6; Z
sp7*_&'J 一）不定式的常考形式： Mmo6MZ^
S#-wl2z 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. v~T7` 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. o]ag"Q 语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生 ,bM-I2BR
cXR1grz 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. DNR~_3Aq 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. 6ns! ~g@ 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 U WZa|I~:J
anj#@U;! 二）不定式常考的考点： DbZ0e5
i\4 hR? 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 l"{Sm6:;-
'=E3[0W 2）不定式做状语----目的 }m/R ZP~=
Og2vGzD 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. Z2Z q'3*
[3W*9j 三)不定式的省略 Uz608u
4"@GNk~e 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel >#}2J[2HQ
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eG& + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； ,;<RW]r-P + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 (>=7ng^ I saw him work in the garden yesterday. E RdL^T>
Kzb`$CGK 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) x|0:P sE I saw him working in the garden yesterday. "BKeot[""p 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） o<l 2 r v 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. D -IR!js ] 2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to ~=&t 0D
QM5 .f+/ I ‘d like to have John do it. m7=1%6FN3
pi @Xkw I have my package weighed. $ P:
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Jqr)V2Y Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. sT1&e5
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oge L[7 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do [9mL $;M
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Y '`"9Db 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： PT9v*3Bq~
DlyMJ#a want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do u>. y:> force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do ,Vd7V}t be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do U5/qf8) yO zzZg$9PT[ 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式 6'OO-o
\k .vN@K# accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to. Vf-5&S&9 三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。 s I 4y G
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uwz He needs (a lot of) encouraging. O .k \]' > %*B`oqo
Mth6-^g5 二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词 tSv0" L
^uaFg`S 1)是名词 seeing is believing oYX{R 2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary. *+lsZ8'^C 一)动名词的形式: V`fL%du,3
mVm4fHEYwU 一般形式：I don't like you smoking. CJNG) p 完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice. "S(X[Y' 被动形式：This question is far from being settled. y7zkAXhJ 二) 动名词常考的点 ValS8V*N1
)teFS % 1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数 c<qe[iyt/
Q5E:|)G 2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词 B.-A $/
W\ULUK 3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语. ! p% @Deu
e)pT C97^L I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon． r7X D&Y A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对） !
Q[}s #g I regret not having taken your advice. d 7i#w
# 4)有些词后只能接动名词 1 *R_"#
+H y4s[_| admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand... ~PUsgL^ 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法： ZDlu1> Q it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point... Z% Z"VoxH 75(W(V(q vb}/@F,Q5 5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可 BD1K H;
0}-#b7eR remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。 9 x [X<
-R@JIe_28f I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作) || gEs/6-
D5[VK `4Z I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作) vcO sq#UW
8 DL h
k forgot与remember的用法类似。 0Q*-g}wXfS I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你… [#zE.
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b#}t:yy I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。 {*nEKPq(_* try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness. =u[rOU{X"W
wjg} [R@! try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day. MyM+C}
8 +L7E- I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。 q1<Fg.-r To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。 \ j
x0ZHR prefer的用法： Kd
TE{] .d 我宁愿在这里等。 j`+0.Zlq
I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。） XzlIW&" uC I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。） HcDyD0;L. I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。） @q pYDnJ: xan/a y>
Q;Q 3 分词： QQSH +
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现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态 ;*"!:GR% h
现在分词的形式: T^ +1rG
1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生) X!2.IsIS8
2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前) k62$:9`5
91U^o 8y
3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动) A> J1B(up
过去分词 X9DM ^tt
1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared. XX*'N+
2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做) ^! $}
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这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。 3j]UEA^
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