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 考博英语语法归纳
英语语法归纳 @>2 rz
一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式 xH_ie
P0 ltN 2．被动形式 + <!)k?
7o965h dt-Qu},8- 12:h49AP v CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 f7_\).T v 时间状语从句当中的时态： Z%Tq1O bK_0NrXP LT,iS)dY+ 一般过去时 所有的过去 aWHd}% 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 $n=W2WJ6f 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 I<D&,LFH*w 一．非谓语动词 x"(7t3xK
一．不定式： }|H w0z P.
%mK3N 2N$ 一）不定式的常考形式： K:>N GGY8r
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[I 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. 4 o3)* 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. X;s 3y{ku 语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生 5z
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'`M#UuU 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. bjM-Hd/K 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. 'sm[CNzS 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 XsAY4WTS
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二）不定式常考的考点： k bfuvJ>
bh= \ 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 YYTO,4
W@:^aH 2）不定式做状语----目的 |RHO+J
Q;XX gX#l 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. /- DKV~
k)$ iK2I 三)不定式的省略 I?f"<5[0
)vO_sIbnW 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel GYFgEg}
> =4sPF) + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； Y Eg
. + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 Ly^E& , ) I saw him work in the garden yesterday. H"2 U)HJl
~&lQNl3`m6 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) c eqFQ I saw him working in the garden yesterday. 6o$Z0mG 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） PqTYAN&F v 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. Z$Z`@&U= 2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to [vE$R@TZ0!
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0[? I ‘d like to have John do it. #o"tMh!f
l #b:^3 I have my package weighed. 7 2`/d`
*zJD$+Fo Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. 7}gA0fP9
;F|jG}M" 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do QyTh!QM~`
&u&2D$K,tp 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： wyp{KIV
Mk<m6E$L want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do OE6#YT force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do AmZ uo_
be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do cn bo +U v<j2L"bj
五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式 S45 'j(S=
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"qs) accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to. ^<!Ia
三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。 ^Wf
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T{ok +$w 2 He needs (a lot of) encouraging. Q^nG0 <q+ ]XY0c 6
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ZH% we 二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词 ^[0" v tb
y !F:m=x< 1)是名词 seeing is believing -W 9gH 2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary. $-Cy 一)动名词的形式: h: _NA
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3G:0xF 一般形式：I don't like you smoking. !W(`<d]68: 完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice. Q@3B{ 被动形式：This question is far from being settled. ZH!;z-R 二) 动名词常考的点 lz-
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Zct!/u9 Q 1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数
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$:(z}sYQ7 2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词 EPv%LX_j
u" \=^F 3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语. .ByU
$Vsy%gA< I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon．
A=0@UqM A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对）
3h LqAj I regret not having taken your advice. *CzCUu:%t 4)有些词后只能接动名词 RN v Q
~oo'ky *H! admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand... W\%q} q2? 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法： ~x\Cmu9` it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point... lf6|. ' Wtf> ` g1 ytT%] 5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可 i_N J -K
&lq^dFP&Su remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。 4j{oaey
R2CQXhiJ I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作) z(r K^RT
"9%q bM B I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作) e$ 32
/z#F,NB forgot与remember的用法类似。 Vha'e3 o! I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你… l=xt;c!
:PUK6,"5]O I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。 ><K!~pst} try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness. C 0>=x{,v
7=vYO|a/4 try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day. K\aAM;)-
M7vj^mt? I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。 4#7Umj To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。 |A C6sfA+ prefer的用法： VKNp,Lf 我宁愿在这里等。 rd"
&QB{ I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。） !LiQ 1`V{ I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。） f1J %]g! I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。） wFb@1ae\ Dkw*Je#6PX
M J\r 4n 3 分词： r
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现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态 3 nrqo< X
现在分词的形式: x2m]Us@LIU
1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生) s1
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2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前) ;`X~ k|7K
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3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动) 1`QsW&9=b
过去分词 'hF@><sqk
1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared. { *$9,
2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做) qtY
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这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。 r.<JDdj
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