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 考博英语语法归纳
英语语法归纳 U
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一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式 E i2M ~/
jc32 s}/H 2．被动形式 (BK_A {5
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#EEb v CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 cz| ?j v 时间状语从句当中的时态： ,^DP A<( DYd1H GY^;$ ? 一般过去时 所有的过去 "I9 r>= 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 2.
{/ls 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 | :i d/ 一．非谓语动词 l
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一．不定式： `82Dm!V
|f.,fVVV; 一）不定式的常考形式： g= ,}j]tl
m^,VEV > 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. t% <y ^Wa= 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. .*.eY?,V 语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生 HIC ! :|
)+w1nw|m 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. XP?)x Dr8 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. ~l*<LXp8 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 18 Ju]U
>7S@3,C3ke 二）不定式常考的考点： j]vEo~Bbh
Zj1bG{G=i 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 5O
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$em'H,*b3 2）不定式做状语----目的 e0ot
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3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. Re
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2A:h&t/|C 三)不定式的省略 l BAu @M
ecR)8^1 ' 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel N-Z=p)]
2gMG7%d + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； M} f(-,9 + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 qMA-# I saw him work in the garden yesterday. _L$a[zH
7')W+`o8eL 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) evYn
} I saw him working in the garden yesterday. :."oWqb) 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） x\f~Gtt7Y v 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. z ynu0X 2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to '%XYJ
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i I ‘d like to have John do it. WvSm
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^\?Rh(pu I have my package weighed. .9PT)^2
lv'WRS'} Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. L
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(;%T]?<9# 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do oW 6Hufu+o
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I;P 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： p?,<{mAe
/#H P;>!n want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do )H{1 Xjh - force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do VN!nef
be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do
3Z=yCec] H>+])~# 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式 9&A O
,}gJY^X+ accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to. xd ^Pkf 三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。 \GxqE8
0#!}s&j/ He needs (a lot of) encouraging. dB0#EJaE ,.cR @5qI
jg IG";:Q 二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词 pF-
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n-cI~Ax+4 1)是名词 seeing is believing ;'8P/a$ 2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary. 9]oT/ooM 一)动名词的形式: 0lg'QG>
$Z#~wsw 一般形式：I don't like you smoking. ^]R_t@ 完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice. s)r !3HS 被动形式：This question is far from being settled. S*h^7?Bu 二) 动名词常考的点 M=pQx$
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D!,5j_,j% 1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数 |7c],SHm
_.; PLq~0 2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词 Ne Y*l
20|_wAA5 3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语. RxYENG]/6
L{%L*z9J I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon． 6LCtWX A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对） q& -mbWBj I regret not having taken your advice. HZRFE[ 9nb 4)有些词后只能接动名词 94#,dA,M
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t admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand... Dnw^H. 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法： lz#.f,h it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point... oqF?9<Vgc, TF :'6#p #U`AK9rP_g 5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可 I#(lxlp"Ho
!VWA4 e!+ remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。 DfAF-Yhut
Ct)58f2 I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作) +=E\sEe
zBy} > Jx I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作) xcW\U^1d
9lYfII}4( forgot与remember的用法类似。 ~@c<5 -`{ I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你… ux TgK'3
2(DhKHrF I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。 #[=kQ&
try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness. 3Y38l P:>h
`YqtI/-w try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day. K-k!':K:
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I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。 gvT}UNqL To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。 h s
',f prefer的用法： sF! #*Y 我宁愿在这里等。 >S:(BJMo I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。） \"ahs7ABT I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。） 7e+C5W*9b I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。） z<5 5[~3 9k;,WU(K<
P'8Ra O&d 3 分词： hb; Cp
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现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态 htbE
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现在分词的形式: h_ 4*?w
1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生) *w@ 1@6?j
2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前) r gIWM"
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3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动) 1+*sEIC "
过去分词 14'\@xJMM
1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared. Cl&mz1Y;]1
2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做) Xsa8YP9
这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。 hdw.S`~}%
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