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 考博英语语法归纳
英语语法归纳 58 bCUh#uw
一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式 b2,!g }I
oGa^/:6L 2．被动形式 xJ#d1[kzo
ggJO:$?$L -w"VK|SGm wY[+Z T v CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 :g Wu9Y|{ v 时间状语从句当中的时态： <nT
+$ z ?R|Ok xD~5UER 一般过去时 所有的过去 62ws/8d6f 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 P&*2pX: 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 W *),y : 一．非谓语动词 %z,m B$LY
一．不定式： >JFO@O5
d ,B:kE0Y 一）不定式的常考形式： 1S CR.@ k<
E/|To 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. ix)M`F%P3 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. !
|<Fo'U 语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生 ) <h*
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1 28EPK 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. 1 mOh{:1u 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. `ZyI!" 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 !Prg_6
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\ `~Ly- 二）不定式常考的考点： S2sQO M@
}ppN k :B 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 DgId_\Ze
]hk 2）不定式做状语----目的 cQy2"vtU
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]'?| 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. tk eoNuAM
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三)不定式的省略 Gf oLa e
AG`L64B 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel s~ a"4~f
Gp ?a(-K5 + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； 2=,lcWr + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 e ^6)Zz1\ I saw him work in the garden yesterday. >JHryS.j$4
!;q&NHco 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) FtP 0krO( I saw him working in the garden yesterday. vyNxT* ,[K 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） k:t ]s_`< v 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. 'N (:@]4N 2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to 7Wf/$vRab
XKj|f` I ‘d like to have John do it. ,>bh$|
w1EXh I have my package weighed. "jeb%k
vOn` /5- Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. PCHu #5j_a
}|0^EWL 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do Z3"%`*Tmq-
fiK6 @, 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： !,wIQy_e4
h]IxXP?h[ want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do Xb|:vr\v force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do ]R+mKUZ9 be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do .5^cb%B* e(]!GA 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式 $ t$ShT)
fa E t6 accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to. 5Yg'BkEr 三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。 wL +s8#{
& jS>Us Gh He needs (a lot of) encouraging. b o6d)Q Z)I+
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+F R0(T 二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词 x>**;#7)
@x*c1%wg 1)是名词 seeing is believing E
uZ<quwWg 2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary. !EvAB+`jLI 一)动名词的形式: {
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T;Lkaxsn 一般形式：I don't like you smoking. ]i|h(>QWP 完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice. a!zz6/q[ 被动形式：This question is far from being settled. U\g/ 2dM 二) 动名词常考的点 .M qP_Z',
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yC 1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数 .T}Wdn g
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2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词 prWk2_D;*
Xe3U`P7( 3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语. (o 5s"b
Uf1!qP/H ? I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon． PIJr{6B/PA A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对） zG }@0 I regret not having taken your advice. C/q'=:H; 4)有些词后只能接动名词
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S-a]j;U admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand... J! AgBF N4 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法： S4Pxc
]! it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point... & DS/v)] G'nmllB`] 034iK[ib" 5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可 [meO[otb
OyStq i remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。 1gE [v
sv2A-Dld I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作) ]V[q (-Jk
%2}-2}[> I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作) X@ --m6-
V )3KS- forgot与remember的用法类似。 w VvF^VHV^ I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你… B+$%*%b
U2ohHJ`` I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。 {yB
s7[Wn try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness. 6{@w="VT
O+nEXS\rQ try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day. u^^vB\"^
loEPr5 bL I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。 el&
0}`K To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。 /R G:W0=K prefer的用法： EW}Bz h>b 我宁愿在这里等。 bpOYHc6,*` I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。） d}OTO 10 I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。） b\ X@gq
I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。） ru'F 6?d fIM, lt
5v[*:0p' 3 分词： q'+)t7!
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现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态 Z/G
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现在分词的形式: gBd]
B03
1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生) ov|d^)'
2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前) x! hh"x
W e)xB
3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动) Ih@61>X.o*
过去分词 Plc-4y1
1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared. Nxf OF
2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做) 1kz\IQ {
这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。 9/9j+5}+
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