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 考博英语语法归纳
英语语法归纳 [XU{)
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一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式 <T2~xn
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[ #fq yg Bq`kVfx aBLb i v CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 e:occT v 时间状语从句当中的时态： {Oszq(A zjE4v-H:l
p$ v +L 一般过去时 所有的过去 w+P^c | 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 sR nMBW. 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 brot&S2P>< 一．非谓语动词 }Cf[nGh|B
一．不定式： @U5> w\
O,#[m:Ejb 一）不定式的常考形式： $Bb/GXn{\
7^ 5BnF@ 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. &i RX-)^u 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. #IDCCD^1= 语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生 L\ DaZ(Y
INpub 5 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me.
:LG%8Z{R 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. _Oq\YQ
b v 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 P #PQ4uK \
K4~O x 二）不定式常考的考点： :B~
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1）不定式做定语----将要发生 RUKSGj_NJ
!) 34tu2 2）不定式做状语----目的 KHtY
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$EF@x}h:A 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. y
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G$2u:n 三)不定式的省略 @@jdF-Utj;
>^&+,*tsS4 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel nCU4a1rZ
X[<9+Q-& + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； 3
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;hg # + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 g :U ul4 I saw him work in the garden yesterday. Q1z04m1_y[
j$6}r 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) VzesqVx I saw him working in the garden yesterday. \~PFD%]:3 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） |k+^D : v 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. /7^~* 2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to N2>JG]G
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<xxOY>y I ‘d like to have John do it. q<VhP 2R
!T*izMX } I have my package weighed. jJ|;Nwm<[
,v"A}g0" Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. E _K7.c4M
#_d%hr~d 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do &+v&Dd&
y_6 HQ: 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： X 6)L pMm
PsLCO(26 want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do > L%%B- force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do uyj5}F+O be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do ]Uu/1TTf tVO x 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式 '&9b*u";x(
.eE5pyw+C accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to. CVm*Q[5s" 三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。
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HZx He needs (a lot of) encouraging. { }
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~L2Fo~fw 二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词
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M<SZ7^9< 1)是名词 seeing is believing Px<;-H
` 2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary. C<3An_D y 一)动名词的形式: !59q@M ya[
)lZb =t 一般形式：I don't like you smoking. *`kh} 完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice. O_ ~\$b 被动形式：This question is far from being settled. |K]tJi4fz 二) 动名词常考的点
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` sSI; + 1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数 > B==*,|
#}.db?[Rv 2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词 B{44|aq1 |
um/iK}O 3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语. T a_#Rg*!
]\{EUx9 I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon． L9T|* ?|| A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对） KcHW>IBxdv I regret not having taken your advice. s q_
f [! 4)有些词后只能接动名词 d%iMjY`~[g
Ay[6r UO admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand... PA Jt M 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法： >mz<= n
it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point... Pwf":U) 1$4dzI() YH@^
6Be9 5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可 }5`Kn}rY
/@:I\&{f'9 remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。 #>} cuC@
k*J0K=U| I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作) ta %yQd7
12.|E d*72 I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作) 51xiX90D
c1Skt forgot与remember的用法类似。 wZ0RI{)s' I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你… .r 4 *?>
=A{F&:+a] I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。 :> f}rq try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness. PKJ w%.-
8u6*;* o try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day. 3s;^p,9
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vhvFBx0 I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。 W^k95%zBM To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。 f3^An aa]l prefer的用法： GCZx-zD~> 我宁愿在这里等。 fN &@y$ I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。） Q`kV|
pjg I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。） c^3,e/H I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。） ,+ ~8R" -Gy=1W`09
z.lIlp2: 3 分词： pmRm&VgE.
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现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态 $7" Y/9Y
现在分词的形式: :CLWmMC_
1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生) GXG 7P,p,
2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前) xpX<iT>5u
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3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动) `*6 |2
过去分词 E5!vw@,
1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared. /k8I6
2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做) =^1jVaAL
这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。 oqAO@<dL!
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