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 考博英语语法归纳
英语语法归纳 {I 7pk6Qd
一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式 DuvP3(K
<nsl`C~6g0 2．被动形式 l wg.'<
0KQ8; &a| :65HMWy. jyGVb no` v CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 =vc5, v 时间状语从句当中的时态： `g1Oon_ K|G $s /=@vG Vp6 一般过去时 所有的过去 Ln_l>X6j51 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 %jxuH+L
现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 z\t J~ 一．非谓语动词 psC7I E<v
一．不定式： TyWy5J<
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一）不定式的常考形式： WQpJd7
=.E(p)fz 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. pYVy(]1I(3 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. =BS'oBn^6 语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生 i8Y gG0[)
Z]TVH8%|k 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. DH9?2)aR 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. z[%v _S 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 j dhml%pAd
\hW73a! 二）不定式常考的考点： 9'q /&uH
e H 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 X&s\_j Q
a<'$` z|s 2）不定式做状语----目的 m]d6 @"Z.
HoE.//b 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. HQ`nq~%&(
q;../h]Ne 三)不定式的省略 t
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%4|}&,%%r 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel fC GDL6E
R}X_2"" + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； }t
D!xI; + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 _K}_h\e. I saw him work in the garden yesterday. H.8C wsfP
*DC Nu{6 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) 6a]f&={E I saw him working in the garden yesterday. /W$y"!^)J1 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） 8wpwJs&V v 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. .cT$h?+jyl 2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to >)J47j7{c
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|Q I ‘d like to have John do it. aRO_,n9
?sf2h:\N I have my package weighed. a.}:d30
N 1f~K.e\ Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. b8{h[YJL2
E0)mI)RW. 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do r< ?o}Qq
_ 2gT1B 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： K
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x/q want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do :S99}pgY force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do "Yfr"1RmO be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do @[>+Dzn[6 z@%/r~?| 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式 ^{fi^lL=
g3|Y$/J7P accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to. HzG~I8o(d 三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。 *<.WL"Qhl
71 L\t3fG He needs (a lot of) encouraging. im4e!gRE 9#s95R O
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>bHj 二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词 D,GPn%Wqi
k67i` f= 1)是名词 seeing is believing hk"9D<&i>b 2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary. J/]o WC`u 一)动名词的形式: w8ZHk?:
`uNvFlP 一般形式：I don't like you smoking. W>q* .9}Y" 完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice. X]zCTY=l 被动形式：This question is far from being settled.
(^tr }?C 二) 动名词常考的点 @Hspg^
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1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数 Qr|N)
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\D_ 2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词 #uD)0zdw
cotxo?)Zv 3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语. p@cfY] <7
{ (m+M I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon． t-*VsPy A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对） .q5J^/kr I regret not having taken your advice. #Dj"W8'zh 4)有些词后只能接动名词 ?
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* 1 |YLy admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand... p |&ZJ@3 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法： iwG>]:K3 it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point... pr62: ysSjc $
7U Dz 5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可 it
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k%EWkM )? remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。 8Zcol$XS'
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VW/23 I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作) & cM
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`FZ(#GDF I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作) P1(8U%
K(-G: | forgot与remember的用法类似。 BKa A=Bl I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你… G"G{AS
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[ I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。 X4d Xm>*?= try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness. 1U717u
Ak x H try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day. .yZK.[x4
<'r0r/0g? I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。 pBl Rd{#fL To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。 %)zk..K{l prefer的用法： ?"()>PJx 我宁愿在这里等。 4 hL`=[AB I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。） x7vq?fP0n I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。） nVz5V%a!\q I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。） 77+
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c t( 3 分词： MB1sQReOO
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现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态 VM aS;)0f@
现在分词的形式: fr8Xoa%1=
1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生) >g>?Y G
2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前) ||R0U @F,
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3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动) +H41]W6
过去分词 I%SuT7"Do
1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared.
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2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做) - &@]M>r@
这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。 U9x4j_.q
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