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 考博英语语法归纳
英语语法归纳 DyeQJ7p
一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式
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:JfE QIN 2．被动形式 H-3Eo#b#
f8SL3+v .[u> V q~L^au8 v CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 JbO ~n
)%x v 时间状语从句当中的时态： |!
q$_at /%4_-C pm >K# ,cxY 一般过去时 所有的过去 !GW ,\y 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 tRw@U4=y 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 F?m?UQS'u 一．非谓语动词 O:#+
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一．不定式： `o79g"kxe
1Uf*^WW4 一）不定式的常考形式： *?y JkJ"
Wk^RA _ 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. XT,#g-oi 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. bXYA5wG 语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生 .bf<<+'o
i`)!X: j 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. O3n_N6| q 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. iRG?# " 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 Pw@olG'Ah
t ]c{c#N/ 二）不定式常考的考点： (1pEEq84
%HtuR2#ca 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 ,pq{& A
1u]P4 Gf= 2）不定式做状语----目的 Oajv^H,Em
d0 er^ ~ 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. (}!C4S3#
ID};<[ 三)不定式的省略 `PI(%N
}0=< 6\+:` 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel myQ&%M
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PfW|77 + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； [JTto!Ih$ + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 d c 0@Y I saw him work in the garden yesterday. (N~$x
_JGs}aQ 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) z>vtE
V)) I saw him working in the garden yesterday. M<8ML!N0;t 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） e (\I_ v 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. T|'&K:[TJ 2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to >w'$1tc?+F
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zt I ‘d like to have John do it. 8<PKKDgbfd
H:oQ I have my package weighed. H/cTJ9 zz
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'hLa Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn.
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`<vxG4=62\ 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do yqcM(,0]
3o8\/-*< 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： |XcH]7Ai"
6 $ e]i|e want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do *6*-WV6 force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do YF[$Q=7. be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do jXcN Al #( uj$[o 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式 z\Ui8jo:;
5+L 8\V9; accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to. @l
>Xnqx) 三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。 jH0Bo;
&va*IR He needs (a lot of) encouraging. j.&
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5P\N"Yjx' 二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词 ~0 7RFR
;Q90Y&{L=$ 1)是名词 seeing is believing x7
gjG"V 2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary. wP`sXPSmIu 一)动名词的形式: X%`KYo%
[d:@1yc 一般形式：I don't like you smoking. G+C} <S} 完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice. \\s?B K 被动形式：This question is far from being settled. |8'B/
p= 二) 动名词常考的点 uN(b.5y
"aA_(Ydzj 1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数 tQf!|]#J
$kv[iI @ 2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词 id4]|jb
Wx k ; g 3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语. N1s.3`
Q >[Ce3 I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon． %t{Sb4XZ4k A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对） S|) J{~QH I regret not having taken your advice.
|Z!@'YB 4)有些词后只能接动名词 AtT"RG- 6
6~3jn+K$1 admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand... {YBl:r
Mz 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法： k!9= it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point... <oZ(n g@X n{z8Ao% W0U`Kt&~a 5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可 u(8
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:mM remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。 ~R'BU=!;F
7^&lbzVbm( I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作) C )U # T)
prqT (1 I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作) 2c"/ QT
"2%y~jrDN forgot与remember的用法类似。 x<Iy<v7- I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你… xSx&79Ez<*
*&h6*zP? I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。 ypgli q ( try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness. ^4RO
vNPfUEn A try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day. ,eyp $^ 2
o@Scz! "g I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。 =.VepX|?D To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。 o*?[_{x W prefer的用法： -hQ96S8 我宁愿在这里等。 b=V)?"e- I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。） >F,$;y
52 I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。） jG
= (w 4+ I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。） 3 7J\i ] M>`?m
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dbf^A1HI 3 分词： >=.ch5h3J)
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现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态 31
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现在分词的形式: r< d?
1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生) o+)m}' T8
2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前) ; Xn
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3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动)
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过去分词 $6 Q2)^LJ
1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared. +oxqS&$L
2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做) f_z2#,g
这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。 rm7*l<v6
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