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 考博英语语法归纳
英语语法归纳 "%}24t%
一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式 nuH=pIq6x
/ 3eGt7x# 2．被动形式 L pq)TE#
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^] 8\9W:D@"x v CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 i DX<`) v 时间状语从句当中的时态： 9mp`LT |EdEV*.ej %
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/ m.$ 一般过去时 所有的过去 *z6A ~U
用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 43y@9P0 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 xjF>AAM_Px 一．非谓语动词 @`+\v mfD
一．不定式： $L( ,lB
s o1 一）不定式的常考形式： k&:q|[N
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,TQ4j 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. -xLK/QAL 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. 9>0Op gvC( 语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生 3N!v"2!#
IY6Qd4157 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. T%9t8?I 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. h4itXJy52B 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 |OAiHSW"V
J =8Y D"1 二）不定式常考的考点： )Ghw!m
Im-qGB0C 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 %-$
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>'=9 sCi 2）不定式做状语----目的 <KtL,a=2+
+:jv )4 ^O 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. gBWr)R
^~TE$i< 三)不定式的省略 7L
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-R1;( n) 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel hT_Q_1,
-Jv3D$f]a + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； 8 l= EL7 + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 4JXvP1` I saw him work in the garden yesterday. Z
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? G7*^y&Q 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) {*g{9` I saw him working in the garden yesterday. 0|K<$e6IH 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） XV4aR3n{Q v 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. 4bdCbI 2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to Y%y
^.g-}r8, I ‘d like to have John do it. xe(7q1
b KIL@AI I have my package weighed. %|:j=/_
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sh~ Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. c68y\
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3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do Jy "\_Vv l
cUd>ah v 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： 9&Y |,&W
$\1M"a}F want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do u#y)+A2&! force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do 0 "TPY(n be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do xX{Zh;M&[ #4"eQ*.*" 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式 _(~ E8g
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|m accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to. N'l
2$8 三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。 3,*A VcQA
:P%? !'M He needs (a lot of) encouraging. P\{s C6E @8aV*zjB
'^7UcgugB 二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词 KyP@ hhj
:M`~9MCRf 1)是名词 seeing is believing kVt/Hhd9
2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary. Vu4L C&q 一)动名词的形式: iYw1{U
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:3 一般形式：I don't like you smoking. i|/G!ht^e 完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice. tux`-F 被动形式：This question is far from being settled. $3ZQ|X[|+ 二) 动名词常考的点 P %vouC0W
t@+e#3P! 1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数 [(TmAEON
Q[ H4l({E 2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词 UMF M.GI
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Akp V) 3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语. j
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X2,v'`U5& I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon． A5 4u} A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对） ]+w 27! I regret not having taken your advice. m@
L> 6;* 4)有些词后只能接动名词 < %<nh`D
+R{~%ZTK admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand... *] >R 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法： P-yVc2YH it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point... zc,X5R1
~rXLb: Y(T$k9%}+ 5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可 +J
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@q@I(%_` remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。 ]S@DVXH
:qShP3 ^ I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作) [IHG9Xg
{`> pigo I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作) )lU ocm
K>\v<!%a forgot与remember的用法类似。 5;XU6Rz! I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你… c@j3L23B
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1O, I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。 Aaz:C5dtU try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness. !SLfAFcS
*W 04$N try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day. 4JH^R^O<n
9 "M-nH*< I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。 ]4lC/ &nm To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。 0juP"v$C> prefer的用法： s4=EyBI
我宁愿在这里等。 U Z:z|a3 I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。） D7jbo[GgS I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。） "412w^5[T I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。） \t=#MzjR G6\`Iy68/v
UMPW<> z 3 分词： }Cb-7/
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现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态 lpbcpB
现在分词的形式: }/L# <n`Z
1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生) 4`+R
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2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前)
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3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动) ,OMdLX r
过去分词
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1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared.
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2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做) J)H*tz g
这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。 E$v!Z; A
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