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 考博英语语法归纳
英语语法归纳 Xxg |01
一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式 T UcFx_
)}@D\(/@ 2．被动形式 8o~
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\d@5*q .+: iAnf fL* 7u\m: v CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 ~q`!928Gu v 时间状语从句当中的时态： (?4%Xtul1 ` Ig5*X4| .QvD603%5 一般过去时 所有的过去 +C
Sp L2@ 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 -xtT,^<B 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 hr
vTFJ 一．非谓语动词 o 4F'z
一．不定式： |*bUcS<S
u&zY>'}zm 一）不定式的常考形式： F- ,gj{s
NW\CEJV 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. 65LtCQ } 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. ](r}` u%}y 语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生 Olzw) WjG
@\by`3*Q 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. ? |M-0{ 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. ^6W} ZLp 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 KXt8IMP_"y
A?YYR%o%' 二）不定式常考的考点： 8Ths"zwn
%1#\LRA( 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 !Rv ;~f/2
=4_}. 2）不定式做状语----目的 B!'K20"gF
O,%UNjx9K 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. !U` 4
<'=!f6Wh 三)不定式的省略 T!jh`;D+
WuK<?1meN 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel R0?bcP&
BK!Yl\I < + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； vQ <
~-E + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 (;fJXgj. I saw him work in the garden yesterday. Cmx<>7fN
;+75"=[YT 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) H; `F}qQ3 I saw him working in the garden yesterday. QQAEG #.5 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） Tg)F.): v 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. =1[_#Moc6 2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to H&s`Xr
!*l /Pr^8 I ‘d like to have John do it. kF1$
OP!R>| I have my package weighed.
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?;tPqOs& Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. %; &lVIU0
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\Wp9 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do th{J;a
+"84.PZ 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： @,<jPR.
1V,@uY)s want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do [>NMuwtG force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do {^oohW - be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do 9swHa feX o"J 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式 >|S@twy
/J^dz vH accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to. <?A4/18K 三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。 [ w}- )&c
A^}# He needs (a lot of) encouraging. 7b Ywh 8 Um/l{:S
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z!aI 二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词
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5 _y w 1)是名词 seeing is believing cQ1[x>OcU 2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary. ";dS~(~ 一)动名词的形式: {zZ)JW M<w
[+F iD 一般形式：I don't like you smoking. 0;x&\x7K 完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice. xjBY6Yl z 被动形式：This question is far from being settled. In4VS:dD 二) 动名词常考的点 @u$NB3
5222"yn"c 1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数 S *n5d >;
.|CoueH 2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词 yOD=Vc7i
},X.a@: 3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语. kbvF
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_9"ZMUZ{ I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon． f/z]kfgw A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对） 3-AOB3]( I regret not having taken your advice. ]N\D^`iQ 4)有些词后只能接动名词 ~233{vh$=>
J@i9)D_ admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand... jZ"j_ =o@ 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法： 3A 0Qjj= it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point... 'xG{q+jj' EqBTN07dZS 6)ysiAH? 5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可 , ExY.'%1
yW*,Llb5 remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。 c M<08-:v
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- I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作) T t Wzjt
`2\:b^h I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作) > Xij+tt{
Z;tWV%F5 forgot与remember的用法类似。 "E4CQL'U I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你… {~#PM>f
)p#L "r^) I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。 wSM(!:on5 try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness. B> S> t5$
WuI$ try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day. 6#qt%t%?D
"~zLG " I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。 9s7TLT k To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。 {: \LFB_ prefer的用法： VV 5
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a 我宁愿在这里等。 2 p
}I I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。） o xUBlye I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。） +!:=Mm I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。） O:~J_Wwl! !&.-{ _$
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r 3 分词： d0Ub t
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现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态 YdIZik
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现在分词的形式: paMK ]-
1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生) ~4twI*f
2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前) @SaxM4
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3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动) \Mdi eO*
过去分词 q\gbjci
1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared. j
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2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做) Bu?Qy z2O
这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。 l[%=S!
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