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 考博英语语法归纳
英语语法归纳 &q|K!5[k
一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式 Clb@$,
=6|&Jt 2．被动形式 6@0OQ b
.KUv( - Z->p1xkX C{DvD'^ v CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 )Z
qJh v 时间状语从句当中的时态： cw W odPNm ] =";IN:SU y2vUthR wo 一般过去时 所有的过去 WRDjh7~Efn 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 nMvKTH
现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 '07 P&g- 一．非谓语动词 SD$h@p=!=
一．不定式： e `,ds~
/BV03B 一）不定式的常考形式： hcbv;[bG
e=;Af K 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. sx51X^ d 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. *b}lF4O? 语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生
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|{ PI102 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. 70mpSD3 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. O
Wj@< N 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 %T9 sz4V
ZwerDkd 二）不定式常考的考点： e^Ky<*Y
UNi`P9D]3 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 9Xo[(h)5d
VA% Un,5h 2）不定式做状语----目的 x5WW--YR+
U*P. :BvG 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe.
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S#Sb ] 三)不定式的省略 . eO ?Z^
l-$uHHyu* 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel ;kJ A'|GX
0W()lQ + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； I]y.8~xs + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 D'hW| I saw him work in the garden yesterday. Wt9Q;hK
H7k PM[ 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) hw~a:kD I saw him working in the garden yesterday. b4""|P?L 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） ^+9sG$T_EV v 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. =@5x"MOz 2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to Ep4Hqx $
?`Y\)'} I ‘d like to have John do it. \rV
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OcSEo7W I have my package weighed. #s%-IN
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@MK"X}3 Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. i rZFV
`: G % 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do <_./SC
1]T`n /d V 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： <d7V<&@o=
oQj =;[ want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do h
!(>7/Gi force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do Gj /3kS~@ be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do PZD>U)M da$BUA qU 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式 F Cc=e{
O8N[Jl accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to. qUF1XJZ }z 三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。 ^aRgM uU
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GE He needs (a lot of) encouraging. i(6J>^I C+MSVc
wp.TfKxw 二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词 Cv=GZGn-
'?GQ~Bf<> 1)是名词 seeing is believing ;S/7 h6 2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary. Cj;/Uhs
一)动名词的形式: u>Ki$xP1
$rG< uO 一般形式：I don't like you smoking. 5QWNZJ&}d 完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice. ^ i :\@VA: 被动形式：This question is far from being settled. S9Yt 1qb 二) 动名词常考的点 $~'T
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o VB"f 1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数 ;~s r$6
".2A9]_s 2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词 DPJh
5 d
hE!7R M+Y 3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语. iY.eJlfH
Y~"9L|`f/ I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon． (buw^
,NwZ A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对） sS,#0Qt. I regret not having taken your advice. WS I
Xj5R 4)有些词后只能接动名词 jFj~]]j
?TuI:dC admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand... &
QY#3yj= 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法： MtG_9- it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point... ~5t?C<wo 9
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: 5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可 Tj,2r]g`<
Z! YpklZ?~ remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。 5L &:_iQZy
^"tqdeCb= I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作) _
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UpeQ OC I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作) R|t;p!T
B+D`\ Nl o forgot与remember的用法类似。 l @A"U)
A( I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你… *o |p)lH
P|N?OocE I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。 &PWf:y{ R` try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness. .cw=*<zeg
/.-m}0h|W- try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day. Th+|* =Il
s=\7)n=,M I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。 Spc&X72I To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。 #wD7 \X-f prefer的用法： v|To+ P6b 我宁愿在这里等。 s7Qyfe&> I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。） ct.Bg )E I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。） T Xl\hL\+ I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。） Znq(R8BMW * p"O* zj
sx90lsu 3 分词： PoY>5
Wb'*lT0=
现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态 p1uN ]T7>
现在分词的形式: SZI7M"gf/+
1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生) 9OhR4 1B
2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前) ]t7ClT)n!
1 S^'C2/b
3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动) 4&H+hN{3
过去分词 d g m+U%E
1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared. qY# m*R
2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做) r8<JX5zyuo
这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。 wbl ${@ 4
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