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 考博英语语法归纳
英语语法归纳 ))CXjwLj;
一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式 w*6!?=jP
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[Y 2．被动形式 klK-,J
2X qTyf< LiiK3!^i /6Y0q9 v CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 oR-O~_) U v 时间状语从句当中的时态： " <<A n"(7dl? 9OPK4- 一般过去时 所有的过去 }$^]dn@ 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 d/l, C4p 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 gdOe)il\ 一．非谓语动词 .6\T`6H=a
一．不定式： ]PeLcB
IbF 4k .J 一）不定式的常考形式： E^7C
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< #zwKTmK1 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.
JRD8Lz]Q3 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. a[q84[
OQ 语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生 _Q>
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nl aG<L# 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. l( gJLjTH% 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. 9t#P~>:jY} 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 ,E%1Uq"
Jth=. 9mrM 二）不定式常考的考点： j]>=1Rd0b(
)Ea8{m! 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 &D]&UQf
5!t b$p#z 2）不定式做状语----目的 Tj&'KF8?L
) 9MrdVNv 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. }~ rcrm.
8qN "3 Et 三)不定式的省略 \9'!"-i
~> PgJ ^G 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel 3B;}j/h2
aV<^IxE; + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； 6ga5^6W + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 oKRFd_r +
I saw him work in the garden yesterday. %MbyKz:X
^Z#@3 = 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) qcYNtEs*c I saw him working in the garden yesterday. mpA HL( 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） Ssf+b!e] v 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. >ukQ, CE~ 2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to &+G; R
-6`;},Yr I ‘d like to have John do it. r1;e 0\?`
;%W dvnW I have my package weighed. 4%J|D cY2
> w s!5q Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. /&(1JqzlB
q$T8bh,2 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do t.)AggXj#
=!CU $g 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： B?3juyB`--
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3HTJ want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do _ B[ WY force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do Y@%`ZPJ be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do {cR=N~_EO .$0Pr%0pWI 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式 [;^,CD|P
=cn~BnowY accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to. ,r`UBQ}? 三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。 =9$mbn
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Qx t@ V 二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词 Y(r@v
S4bBafj[I 1)是名词 seeing is believing #epy%> 2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary. [@ G`Afaf 一)动名词的形式: K9|7dvzC:
jg_n 7 一般形式：I don't like you smoking. <3Gqv9Y& 完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice. 2d`c! 被动形式：This question is far from being settled. |" 7 Y52d 二) 动名词常考的点 Y b:pAzw6
o8ppMM8_R[ 1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数 wa:0X)KC?
!p [`IWZ 2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词 _^\$" nw
z-,VnhLx 3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语. 79BaDB`{a
-JV~[-, I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon． ]'h; {;ug A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对） Qh`:<KI I regret not having taken your advice. q p~g P 4)有些词后只能接动名词 2UadV_s+s
#YK5WTn5 admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand... %*W<vu>H 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法： Q6'nSBi:A_ it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point... ll<NIdf\r G>z,#Xt .}`hCt08 5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可 :&w{\-0{
%XTA;lrz remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。 ycr"Y|
ux-CpI I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作) eon!CE0
#exss=as/ I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作) L;6.r3bL
y L1bS|@ forgot与remember的用法类似。 z2y
J# I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你… E~hzh /,34
8E^@yZo{ I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。 Qx`~ g,wk8 try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness. &h~aChJ
^ 4hO8 try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day. @gfDp
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vS? odqi#n I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。 =y]$0nh To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。 g!J0L7 i| prefer的用法： NCS!:d:Ry 我宁愿在这里等。 'cd N3i( I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。） I$q> I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。） JBX[bx52<r I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。） WE!v
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1lO 3 分词： SW? p?<
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现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态 zA+@FR?
现在分词的形式: +5p{5 q(o
1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生) 7 ^e +
2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前) tbD oP
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3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动) pK&I^r
过去分词 K`KLC.j
1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared. %}Q&1P=
2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做) m~l
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这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。
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