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 考博英语语法归纳
英语语法归纳 b3}Q#Y\G
一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式 X:>$ 8 ^gS
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neZ.`"LV UL$}{2N,_ v CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 6gL-OJNo v 时间状语从句当中的时态： (p#0 )C Smw QET<H _}xd}QW 一般过去时 所有的过去 @(g_<@Jz 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 W~1~k{A 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 m Hc>"^R 一．非谓语动词 Yr.sm !xA
一．不定式： E
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`F YjQ e"p 一）不定式的常考形式： b;sVls
-VKS~{ 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. R D 7^& 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.
s#~GH6/ 语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生 H %J
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v{zMO:3 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. L!0OC''C 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. !G^L/?z3 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 NX`*%K
ryF 7 二）不定式常考的考点： U$]|~41#
0.T4{JS# 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 1 tTg P+
5pr "d@. 2）不定式做状语----目的 Y} #h5 \
\PDd$syDA 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. S}A PQ
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?]D"k 4 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel d>;&9;)H
-~?J+o+Pr" + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； U2uF&6v + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 nJ~drG }TD I saw him work in the garden yesterday. =t6z \WB
Y3Vlp/"rB" 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) *OuStr \o I saw him working in the garden yesterday. M\yT).>z 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） x| yEt O& v 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. f B9;_z 2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to =bEd a]
D9j3Xu I ‘d like to have John do it. } CeCc0M
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{- 5Etv Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. eImn+_ N3
#dM9pc jh 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do G "73= 8d
liXdNk8 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： xQUu|gtL4
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VsW7 want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do <:?r:fQX force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do 9uGrk^<t be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do U" Z mv fMOU$0]$< 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式 0{= `on;
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4("bB accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to. b#X^=n2 三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。 92EWIHEWZ
B[KJ R?> He needs (a lot of) encouraging. uvrB5=u @ ;'o2
x@*SEa 二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词 3\B> lKhQ
|9B.mBoX 1)是名词 seeing is believing ]
w tb-PC 2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary. 6U dov pl 一)动名词的形式: _ ]Z s,Hy
V>b\ [(=s 一般形式：I don't like you smoking. Xwhui 4'w 完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice. {HCz p,Y 被动形式：This question is far from being settled. S
;)w. 二) 动名词常考的点 1~PV[2a
+ ~ >Aj 1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数 'nwx9]
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2K3{hxB 2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词 o}$ EG
*" {lMZ + 3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语. 3nhXZOO1
M#8uv-L I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon． lqm1!5dt A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对） K|Di1)7=/ I regret not having taken your advice. R R]CW 4)有些词后只能接动名词 @CT;g\4
;9c<K admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand... /%;mqrdk 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法： &8vCZN^ it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point...
K[!&b0O 8]U{;|'; E/%9jDTQ 5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可 28 UU60
U4b0*` o remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。 Qx+%"YO
PEc=\? I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作) PEW=@xj2y
G1o3l ~x I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作) /J WGifH
'co V^~qy forgot与remember的用法类似。 _t^{a]/H I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你… rV T{90,
j'MO(ev I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。 +,#$:fs u try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness. p
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Ht&:-F+dm try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day. j,"@?Wt7
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I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。 _s .G To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。 SV~cJ]F prefer的用法： &L,nqc\3D5 我宁愿在这里等。 qa0 yg8,< I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。） FXi
{87F2 I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。） A^y|J ` k| I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。） 4Za7^c. u (em&M
hKT 3 分词： d;>#Sxf
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现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态 +/ )#( j@
现在分词的形式: 9.a3&*tV[
1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生) gT#&"aP5S
2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前) @jsDq
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3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动) Ns7(j -
过去分词 PGLplXb#[S
1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared. LRb{hUt=
2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做) /qy-qUh3h
这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。 n=c
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