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 考博英语语法归纳
英语语法归纳 {N(qS'N
一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式 ~C-Sr@ a?/
;5a$ OM 2．被动形式 cGot0' mB
0%xk tf O!PG ZuF _d!sSyk` v CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 mmQC9nZ v 时间状语从句当中的时态： : b9#e g j'*.=cwsp H_g]q 一般过去时 所有的过去 m R.j8pi 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 Wv
> `x?W 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 P]"@3Z&w 一．非谓语动词 "]^ U(m>f
一．不定式： 4=MVn
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@ ~~ 一）不定式的常考形式： !,- 'wT<v
oVqx)@$K 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. 4][VK/v+ 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. g=KK
PSK 语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生 0MT?}D&TL
H!NGY]z* 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. 6oKlr,. 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. pg!mOyn 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 )~P<ruk>,C
[YQtX_ ;w 二）不定式常考的考点： ~#EXb?#uS
H/f}t w 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 0?R$>=u
HH*,Oe 2）不定式做状语----目的 W9Us I
:A#'8xE/ 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. )p!")
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m Gz'%?zj 三)不定式的省略 T5@t_D>8
4&]NC2I 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel Q2|6W E
_ru<1n[4~ + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； aF=;v* + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 uxrNkZia I saw him work in the garden yesterday. p<VW;1bt5
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21x<n 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) qyIy xJ I saw him working in the garden yesterday. e mq%"
;. 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） Mi!ak v 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. yC }x6xG 2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to 0O q5;5
5o|u!#6 I ‘d like to have John do it. oRn 5blj
51%<N\>/4 I have my package weighed.
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]o8~b- Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. }>Lz\.Z/+[
X<"#=u( 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do d #- <=6
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四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： 0xutG/-&N
!91<K{#A{ want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do Z Q9's force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do qo;F]v*pkK be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do 7W#9ki1 "2/VDB4!FG 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式 \RP=Gf
~ oBSf+N accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to. }%-`CJ,
三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。 e.g$|C^$m
K>$od^f%c He needs (a lot of) encouraging. 0:L m=9 o K31rt-IIt
!*xQPanL 二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词 mE]W#?
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~Kxh 1)是名词 seeing is believing c~Hq.K$d 2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary. 5B( r[Ni
b 一)动名词的形式: Zt[1RMO
%lPF q- 一般形式：I don't like you smoking. dDk<J;~jGJ 完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice. i_&&7. 被动形式：This question is far from being settled. oZ~M`yOz. 二) 动名词常考的点 >b/0i$8
nmN6RGx 1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数 D058=}^HE
S* CR Vs 2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词 EY!aiH6P
U 07n 7`2w 3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语. *pv hkJ g(
NzRL(A6V I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon． 58MBG &a% A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对） kF.PLn'iS I regret not having taken your advice.
ZWVcCa 3 4)有些词后只能接动名词 82V xk
J(-#(kMyf admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand... D x Vt 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法： `)H.TMI
it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point... \"P lM!0du W?R$+~G ( {zp$P} 5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可 |g 4!Yd
y)#Ib*? remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。 Kh w!+!(H
?^IM2}(p I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作) /tP"r}l
o~^hsm[44J I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作) u 8N+ht@
kR E^G*? forgot与remember的用法类似。 K$'
J:{yY I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你… wTIOCj
%wvSD&oz I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。 D@d/O try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness. =`vUWONn
XF{}St~ ( try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day. lg A9p
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<(@m913| I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。 ga~rllm;i To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。 1"~@UcJ prefer的用法： HK5\i@G+< 我宁愿在这里等。 $N5}N\C:a I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。） K}! VY` I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。） oe4Fy}Y_; I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。） , T jd hMeE@Q0
IM)\-O\Wd 3 分词： RNp3lXf O
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现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态 Uq0RJ< n
现在分词的形式: !1)lGjMW
1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生) ;wgm
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2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前) i@ Q)`>4
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3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动) KDwjck"5;
过去分词
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1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared. R.*K aCA
2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做) 2|kx:^D p
这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。 XNf%vC>
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