过去分词与形容词的语义差： DCCij N
1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things #W L>ha
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the destructive power of modern weapons ,fs>+ ]UY3
Damaged: being in a bad state
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emotionally damaged children qd
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2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements &< 5oDdC
He’s one of the most respected managers in the game. (ZK(ODn)i
Respectful: feeling or showing respect L?hWH0^3
They listened in respectful silence. F[oTc ^dr
3. Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides. }?%5Ae7l,
Preferable: A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby. 0hju@& Aa
Preferential: Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment. ' $be+Z32
4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights. -> U9u lTC
Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative. kT{d pGU9
5.Loving: She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother. _
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Lovable: a sweet lovable child Jg%jmI;Y
Lovely: We had a lovely holiday. lhx]r}@'MC
6. Tolerated: While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone. ]kyGm2Ty9
Tolerant: trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds U_C 1GT-|
Tolerable: All in all, it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford. $ #F7C[2N
虚拟语气 yixAG^<
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 x1R< oB |
1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 InR/g@n+D1
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 K-dr N) o
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) E >lW'
It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) O4fl$egQU
(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 ptEChoZ6
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 /#I~iYPe
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验) l cYjwA
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) K/ 5U;oC
（3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 2 VyJ
It took me only five minutes to finish the job. ,c9K]>8m`
2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 zyi
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(1)不定式作表语 k]9v${Ke
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 8Xjp5
To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 u</LgOP`-
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。 8%Hc%T[RnT
2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。 %{ H eXe
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 WYXh1_nyk
To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。
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3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 AD^Q`7K?uR
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 ee\QK,Q V
The function of Louis Sullivan’s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. Jwt_d }ns
The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant． hxe X6
(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 YgL{*XYAt
Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。 &f($= 68
His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮。 ]wm<$+@
(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。 )wyC8` &-
People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake.
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His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected． ^bk: g}o
(3)分词作表语 oF L7dL
分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有： n4InZ!)
interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的 Aa4 DJ
exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的 R1vuf*A5,
delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的 <N{Y*,^z
disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 ,{2= nb[
encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 l/-qVAd !q
pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的 #5%ipWPHb
puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的 Ubm]V{7
satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的 P:%r3F
surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的 >!MRk[@
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worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的 =$Sv KzN
Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。 . ZP$,
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。 u0F{.fe
The argument is very convincing．他的论点很令人信服。 GIhX2EvAS
They were very excited at the news．听到这个消息，他们非常激动。 MdhD "Q
3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 $ Y M( NC
英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求： M|fC2[]v B
(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 gg/2R?O]
1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 RFPcH8-u7
attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 QXW> }GdKZ
afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 @r=,:
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arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲，打算 1zgM$p
begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略，漏 Mm;[f'{M)
appear似乎，显得 determine决定 manage设法 4~1lP&
cease停止 hate憎恨，厌恶 pretend假装 "RTv[n!
ask问 dread害怕 need需要 b=5ZfhIg[
agree同意 desire愿望 love爱
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swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 T
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bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 {eV v%sbq
beg请求 fail不能 plan计划 ^7a@?|,q8
bother扰乱；烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢，宁愿 f!H/X%F
care关心，喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 `"o{MaFA
decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉，遗憾 &*74 5,e
choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 ^$X|Lq
claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺，允许 ?C- ju8]|
start开始 undertake承接 want想要 j^WYM r,
consent同意，赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝 }1 %% `
decide决定 learn学习 vow起 ) 7X$um
contrive设法，图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 !K0 U..
