过去分词与形容词的语义差： G:; (,
1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things AeEF/*
the destructive power of modern weapons !qJ|`o Y
Damaged: being in a bad state lLZ?&z$
emotionally damaged children Q".AmHn
2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements X
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He’s one of the most respected managers in the game. ET q~, g'
Respectful: feeling or showing respect K[i|OZWu
They listened in respectful silence. / Hexv#3
3. Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides. @Ke3kLQ_\X
Preferable: A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby. d=:&tOCg2
Preferential: Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment. q}%;O
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4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights. Z#|IMmT;*=
Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative. }aa ~@K<A
5.Loving: She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother. G1:2MPH
Lovable: a sweet lovable child .p(~/ MnO
Lovely: We had a lovely holiday. ahm@ +/2
6. Tolerated: While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone. ;PhX [y^*
Tolerant: trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds }5sJd>u5^
Tolerable: All in all, it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford. P 7kb*
虚拟语气 B$%7U><'
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 4) ~ GHb
1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 [l X3":)
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 $NhKqA`0
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) XxEKv=_bc
It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) xt"GO
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(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 J2adA9R/,
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 7ezf.[{R
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验) kKR Z79"7s
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) @AU<'?k
（3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 >E`p@
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It took me only five minutes to finish the job. e(m#elX
2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 F Uj4y 9X
(1)不定式作表语 $zuemjW3p
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 7I _lTu (
To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 -O-qEQd
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。 S<V_ _ Sv
2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。 RZeU{u<O
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 "'
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To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。 :D'#CoBA
3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 # }rv)
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 RjS&^u aP
The function of Louis Sullivan’s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. yE e4{j$
The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant． U{2UKD@PM
(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 6n.W5
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Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。 -
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His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮。 |NcfR"[c
(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。 tGs=08 `
People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake. / 1jb8w'
His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected． e'c~;Z\A
(3)分词作表语 !v2D 18(
分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有： Dm 1;mR S+
interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的 Jk) ^6
exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的 ': f q
delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的 f -?00*T
disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 9LkP*$2"M<
encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 9 T 4x1{mO
pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的 VR>;{>~
puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的 T6|zT }cb
satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的 a(X?N.w
surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的 $e; _N4d^
worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的 JBCcR,\kM*
Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。 *sqq] uD
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。 \d0R&vFHQ
The argument is very convincing．他的论点很令人信服。 n^|
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They were very excited at the news．听到这个消息，他们非常激动。 ~ jb6
3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 A
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英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求： 5Cd>p<
(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 \cdNyVY
1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 2l#Ogn`k
attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 }u&.n
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afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 ^zHBDRsb2F
arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲，打算 2JZf@x+}
begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略，漏 oBr/CW
appear似乎，显得 determine决定 manage设法 w} *;^n
cease停止 hate憎恨，厌恶 pretend假装 zg&<HJO
ask问 dread害怕 need需要 W6D|Rr.q
agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 E)m{m$Hb
swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 a&~d ,vC
bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 "
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beg请求 fail不能 plan计划 @gQ{*dN
bother扰乱；烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢，宁愿 PD12gUU?
care关心，喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 KFdTw{GlJ7
decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉，遗憾 0b9K/a%sQv
choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 ]' =]=o~4
claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺，允许 9D:p~_"g
start开始 undertake承接 want想要 z iR}
consent同意，赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝 W~+
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decide决定 learn学习 vow起 { wRs V=*
contrive设法，图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 yazC2Enes8
