过去分词与形容词的语义差： z6Ob X
1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things h0rPMd(K
the destructive power of modern weapons T[bC Y 6
Damaged: being in a bad state $mn0I69
emotionally damaged children cQK-Euum
2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements CP~ZIIip"
He’s one of the most respected managers in the game. m [B#k$
Respectful: feeling or showing respect a]T:wUYG'
They listened in respectful silence. Oo|PZ_P
3. Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides. p UXoSnIq:
Preferable: A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby. L"m^LyU
Preferential: Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment.
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4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights. X/,) KTo7
Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative. aj1]ZT \
5.Loving: She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother. SeD}H=,@
Lovable: a sweet lovable child <e2l@@#oy
Lovely: We had a lovely holiday. e7R gA1
6. Tolerated: While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone. f"ndLX:'}
Tolerant: trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds LjI`$r.B
Tolerable: All in all, it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford. e73=*~kfR
虚拟语气 5 #K*75>
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 /;*_[g5*i
1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 m4mE7Wn.3
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 Muo E~K2
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) 8 "l
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It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) F8f}PV]b
(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 Ie.*x'b?y
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 \MP~}t}c
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验) g #J` 7n
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) qjB:6Jq4q
（3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 tbFAVGcAM
It took me only five minutes to finish the job. J9Ao *IW~
2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 I/O3OD
(1)不定式作表语 im<bo Mv
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 l0qaTpn
To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 |P
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What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。
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2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。 5\Q Tm;
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 ?qgQ)#6
To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。 %K6veB{M
3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 &jE\D^>ko
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 W$4$%r8
The function of Louis Sullivan’s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. O
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The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant． CX|W$b)%
(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 0AQ az hm
Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。
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His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮。 }Fe6L;^;
(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。 ~; 9HG
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People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake. Y%KowgP\
His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected． Na0^csPm
(3)分词作表语 R"B{IWQi
分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有： >?$2`I
interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的 \+
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exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的 x[ 0T$
delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的 qG9a!sj
disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 _
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encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 $qNF /r F
pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的 z?byNd8
puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的 <V ? 2;Gy
satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的 ;s +/'(*
surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的 =o#Z?Bn5
worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的 &jDN6n3z
Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。 , $ 7 -SN
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。 x@NfN*?/+i
The argument is very convincing．他的论点很令人信服。 (\6E.Z#
They were very excited at the news．听到这个消息，他们非常激动。 h FU8iB`Q
3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 %' DO FiU
英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求： &^`Wtd~g
(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 ?C|'GkT
1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 OyO<A3
attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 L3eF BF/
afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 ?_eLrz4>L^
arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲，打算 \K$\-]N+
begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略，漏 tA(oD4H9
appear似乎，显得 determine决定 manage设法 fG \" p
cease停止 hate憎恨，厌恶 pretend假装 mP)bOAU
ask问 dread害怕 need需要 L^q CE-[
agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 P zJ (Q
swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 &M|rRd~*
bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 ffP]U 4
beg请求 fail不能 plan计划 ,
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bother扰乱；烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢，宁愿 ^ q-%#
care关心，喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备
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decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉，遗憾 p A8bFtt
choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 |k}<Zz1UM
claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺，允许 %bw+>:Tr
start开始 undertake承接 want想要 An_(L*Qz
consent同意，赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝 k]ZE j/y~
decide决定 learn学习 vow起 Do4hg $:40
contrive设法，图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 NfDS6i.Fqp
