过去分词与形容词的语义差： (d/!M
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1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things cF_`QRtO
the destructive power of modern weapons FUf.3@ }
Damaged: being in a bad state l,~`o$ _
emotionally damaged children R58NTPm
2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements 7l ,f
He’s one of the most respected managers in the game. Nw*F1*v`
Respectful: feeling or showing respect oaZdvu@ y
They listened in respectful silence. _Hd | y
3. Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides. 1szObhN-l
Preferable: A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby. *dxm|F98
Preferential: Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment. [Y~~C J
4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights. ,"KfZ f;?
Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative. \#xq$ygg
5.Loving: She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother. ^^zj4 }On?
Lovable: a sweet lovable child :|$cG~'J
Lovely: We had a lovely holiday. $2,tT;50g
6. Tolerated: While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone. Bz <I7h
Tolerant: trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds AorY#oq
Tolerable: All in all, it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford. 5eE\
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虚拟语气 S0Io$\h a
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 >~Xe` }'
1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 Ov<c1y;f
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 y631;dU
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) 2m]4
It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) ^N[ Cip}8
(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 SMIDW}U2S
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 4].o:d;`/
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验) !'~L dl
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) rAAx]nQ@
（3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 {hJCn*m_
It took me only five minutes to finish the job. /&Cq-W
2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 ;"u,G!
(1)不定式作表语 #*/nUbsg
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 P8}IDQ9
To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 f|M^UHt8*
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。 <Vk}U
2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。 Ahl&2f\
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 K=
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To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。 !L{mE&
3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 f .uuXK
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 V\x'w*FP
The function of Louis Sullivan’s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. 2F`#df
The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant． X4 S | JT
(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 & ;.rPU
Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。
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His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮。 " Ot%{&:2
(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。 S $hxR
People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake. P8ej9ULX,
His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected． `Wj q$*
(3)分词作表语 ~y"R{-%uS
分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有： }v2p]D5n.
interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的 ~&p]kmwXSX
exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的 S+[,\>pY
delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的 5]]QW3
disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 ,&4
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encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 ";(m,i f-
pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的 K/C }
puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的 uKXU.u*C
satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的 *!"T^ 4DEg
surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的 nt| n[-}
worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的 hlV(jz
Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。 SGZYDxFC@
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。
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The argument is very convincing．他的论点很令人信服。 [= E
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They were very excited at the news．听到这个消息，他们非常激动。 bt=D<YZk
3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 EB+4]MsD
英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求： \)\n5F:Zu
(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 8cY5:plK
1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 b4$.
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attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 w\d1
afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 Bt:M^ b^
arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲，打算 $?kTS1I(
begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略，漏 6tVp%@
appear似乎，显得 determine决定 manage设法 f ~= e
cease停止 hate憎恨，厌恶 pretend假装 fF/;BSq'
ask问 dread害怕 need需要 ?=iy 6q
agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 C\C*@9=&x
swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 ;erxB6*
bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 !h1|B7N
beg请求 fail不能 plan计划 t2.]v><
bother扰乱；烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢，宁愿 REJB m
care关心，喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 $dt*
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decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉，遗憾 b7M )
choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 W-RshZ\
claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺，允许 8.`5" 9Vh
start开始 undertake承接 want想要 I%{D5.du
consent同意，赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝 ~ebm,3?
decide决定 learn学习 vow起 g( eA?
contrive设法，图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 Q;2k bVWY
