过去分词与形容词的语义差： 6Us*z KgW
1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things O 6Mxp -
the destructive power of modern weapons $ v0beN6MG
Damaged: being in a bad state 3T84f[CFJ
emotionally damaged children #d;/Me
2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements 1%`Nu ]D
He’s one of the most respected managers in the game. ['jr+gIfQ
Respectful: feeling or showing respect "#G`F
They listened in respectful silence. M"
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3. Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides. ;\(X;kQi
Preferable: A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby. "^NsbA+
Preferential: Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment. fe8}2#<o
4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights. 4 c 9 a" v
Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative. S?<hs,
5.Loving: She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother. 8KMo !p\i
Lovable: a sweet lovable child vtF|: *h
Lovely: We had a lovely holiday. *"Uf|
6. Tolerated: While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone. _bn
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Tolerant: trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds 4~ i?xo=;v
Tolerable: All in all, it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford. w9TE E,t;5
虚拟语气 L%;[tu(*
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 l!mx,O`
1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 $Ts; o
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 D`R~d;U~
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) [,56o
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It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) Z -fiJ75
(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 DR7 JEE
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 Y.kgJ #2
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验) >Og| *g
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) x;{Hd;<YF
（3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 otX/sg.B*
It took me only five minutes to finish the job. eZ BC@y
2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 3~1 Gts
(1)不定式作表语 83J6 3Xa
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 H D'adj_,
To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 ^?NLA&v<
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。 RsYMw3)
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2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。 0n}v "61q
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 vi 28u xc
To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。 Xdf4%/Op
3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 , ^RZ1tLz
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 6-z(34&N
The function of Louis Sullivan’s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior.
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The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant． >#)%/Ti}DU
(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 6_:I~TTX
Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。 `~z[Hj=2
His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮。 k* v ${1&
(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。 *?\u5O(
People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake. a?yU;IKJ
His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected． wX$|( Y }
(3)分词作表语 \B ^NdG5Y
分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有： 3-&~jm~"
interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的 RL$%Vy0
exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的 &> B" /z
delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的 qZ4)) X
disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 ;6~5FTmV
encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 ``eam8Az_U
pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的 {o 2 qY|S
puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的 8*x=Fm,Ok
satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的 T9XUNR{&
surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的 R7U%v"F>`
worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的 _6V1oe2
Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。 &q@brX<,=
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。 ]%y>l j?Y
The argument is very convincing．他的论点很令人信服。 \=7jp|{Yl
They were very excited at the news．听到这个消息，他们非常激动。 :o .+<_ &
3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 k_ !e5c
英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求： \PUJD,9H
(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 i#h FpZ6u
1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 w]yVNB
attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 g &y^ r/
afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 &b`W<PAc?4
arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲，打算 p
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begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略，漏 q[C?1Kc .z
appear似乎，显得 determine决定 manage设法 AB`.K{h
cease停止 hate憎恨，厌恶 pretend假装 tV`=o$`
ask问 dread害怕 need需要 [5& nH@og
agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 9i}$245lB
swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 j 7gw?,
bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 |:&6eDlR
beg请求 fail不能 plan计划 j&oRj6;Ha+
bother扰乱；烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢，宁愿 %ACW"2#(
care关心，喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 Tk4>Jb
decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉，遗憾 +Gt9!x}#e
choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 p>;@]!YWQ
claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺，允许 a
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start开始 undertake承接 want想要 v={{ $=/t
consent同意，赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝 Ly+UY.v"
decide决定 learn学习 vow起 ^0}ma*gi~
contrive设法，图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 mG j)Zrx>
