过去分词与形容词的语义差： +X
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1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things ;L ^o*`
the destructive power of modern weapons XfIJ 4ZM5
Damaged: being in a bad state Xne1gms
emotionally damaged children !&@615Vtw
2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements t\O16O7S
He’s one of the most respected managers in the game. N!tX<u~2
Respectful: feeling or showing respect aw&,S"A@
They listened in respectful silence. t4-[Z$ n5
3. Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides. B&" Q\'c
Preferable: A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby. [0("Q;Ec[j
Preferential: Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment. 9H1r O8k
4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights. :7;@ZEe
Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative. P16~Qj
5.Loving: She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother. %E;'ln4h&,
Lovable: a sweet lovable child #~=R y H
Lovely: We had a lovely holiday. ba9?(+i$h
6. Tolerated: While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone. 1X1dG#:
Tolerant: trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds )0k53-h&
Tolerable: All in all, it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford. G=bCNn<
虚拟语气 7F.4Ga;
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 ql
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1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 >y+B
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 fI|$K )K
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) bW +:C5'
It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) ;< 4a*;IO
(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 :b!s2n!u
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 akTk(
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验) ?Q;=v~-Q
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) #
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（3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 )Q JUUn#
It took me only five minutes to finish the job. ]e
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2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 62NsJ<#>
(1)不定式作表语
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1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 #lO Mm9
To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 y|jq?M<A
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。 b~cZ S[S
2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。 MpOc
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 4mbBmQV$#
To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。 @PIp* [7oC
3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 c+GG\ :gM
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 f?)-}\[IR{
The function of Louis Sullivan’s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. >.D4co>
The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant． H%{+QwzZ[j
(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 #s9aI_
Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。 O&hTNIfi
His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮。 -7|H}!DFT
(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。 7PF%76TO
People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake. fd9k?,
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His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected． V G~Vs@c(
(3)分词作表语 @KUWxFak
分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有： *n"{J(Jt`
interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的 ll?X @S
exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的 N
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delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的 y~HP>~ Oh
disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 `wU!`\
encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 Yoll?_k
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pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的 8a"% 0d#
puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的 ,"0 :3+(8;
satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的
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surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的 ^d73Ig:8q
worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的 QSf| nNT
Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。 |sZHUf_
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。 j*m% *_
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The argument is very convincing．他的论点很令人信服。 YZJyk:H\
They were very excited at the news．听到这个消息，他们非常激动。 Qe(:|q _
3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 h!9ei6
英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求： dUdT7 ixo
(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 E&:,oG2M
1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 MnW+25= N
attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 B#1;r-^P<
afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 .6 ?U @2
arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲，打算 13/]DF,S"^
begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略，漏 o#1 $q`Z
appear似乎，显得 determine决定 manage设法 BING{ew
cease停止 hate憎恨，厌恶 pretend假装 R0-j5&^jju
ask问 dread害怕 need需要 b5n'=doR/I
agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 iO;
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swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望
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bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 9( wK@
beg请求 fail不能 plan计划 `Ryp% Bn
bother扰乱；烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢，宁愿 Aq7osU1B
care关心，喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 0_t!T'jr7
decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉，遗憾 S ByW[JE
choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 H}
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claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺，允许 DM>eVS3}
start开始 undertake承接 want想要 c~
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consent同意，赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝 u,4eCxYE$
decide决定 learn学习 vow起 JqiP>4Uwm^
contrive设法，图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 jW@Uo=I[
