考博英语语法重点总结

过去分词与形容词的语义差： 1vo3aF  
1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things _9=87u0  
the destructive power of modern weapons Ze%S<xT!O  
Damaged: being in a bad state Yuv=<V  
emotionally damaged children Gs~eRcIB  
2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements　 ^!B]V>L-  
He’s one of the most respected managers in the game. <*J"
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Respectful: feeling or showing respect !!L'{beF  
They listened in respectful silence. }m<+tn 3m  
3. Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides. HBp??.r  
Preferable: A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby. Vl$RMW@Ds  
Preferential: Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment. .*N,x(V  
4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights. f=91 Z_M  
Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative. P>q
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5.Loving: She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother. A@~9r9Uf  
Lovable: a sweet lovable child Uh vy2}w  
Lovely: We had a lovely holiday. >0SG]er@  
6. Tolerated: While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone. 1;m?:|6K{  
Tolerant: trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds kR1 12J9P  
Tolerable: All in all, it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford. ,sj(g/hg  
虚拟语气 1g=T"O&=  
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 ~Q"qz<WO  
1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别　 &u9,|n]O9  
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 I[A<e]uK  
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) e lM<S3  
It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体)　 %d:cC:`  
(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。　 &iD&C>;pf  
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。　 }cUO+)!Y  
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验)　 @sa_/LH!K  
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验)　 r+Sv(KS4i^  
（3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。　 D|Tz{DRG  
It took me only five minutes to finish the job.　 b!-=L&V  
2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别　 "WY5Pzsi:  
(1)不定式作表语　 k{!9f=^   
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。　 dM}c-=w`  
To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。　 +bso4 }
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What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。　 _TdH6[9  
2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。　 gr!!pp;  
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。　 H9;IA>  
To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。　 ',+Zqog92  
3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。　 L09r|g4Z  
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。　 ',Z]w;D!G
 
The function of Louis Sullivan’s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior.　 nql{k/6  
The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant．　 %IIFLl
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(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。　 &D|+tu{  
Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。　 1uyd+*/(xP  
His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮。 Z6So5r%wZ  
(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。　 YHgNL LZ?  
People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake.　 Ke[`zui@?  
His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected．　 4j,6t|T  
(3)分词作表语　 =(R3-['QIb  
分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有：　 6c>:h)?  
interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的　 Q"!GdKM  
exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的　 `.~*pT*u  
delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的　 K4RQ{fWpm  
disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的　 D#,A_GA{A  
encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的　 J }bLp Z  
pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的　 Aj/EaIq  
puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的　 lN"@5(5%  
satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的　 cl{mRt0  
surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的　 ^P.U_2&  
worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的　 1=X1<@*  
Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。　 Ss+  
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。　 dtG>iJ  
The argument is very convincing．他的论点很令人信服。　 ,t*H:
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They were very excited at the news．听到这个消息，他们非常激动。　 UsCaO<A  
3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别　  D)[(  
英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求：　 E8lq2r=  
(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语　 p9MJa[}V  
1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语　 s|[qq7  
attempt企图　enable能够　neglect忽视　 eT2Tg5Etc  
afford负担得起　demand要求　long渴望　 .WBp!*4  
arrange安排　destine注定　mean意欲，打算　 ExFz@6@  
begin开始　expect期望　omit忽略，漏　 |WT]s B0Eq  
appear似乎，显得　determine决定　manage设法　 xNRMI!yv   
cease停止　hate憎恨，厌恶　pretend假装　 F0kAQgUv  
ask问　dread害怕　need需要　 (*T$:/zIS  
agree同意　desire愿望　love爱　 *vqUOh  
swear宣誓　volunteer志愿　wish希望 Bq-}BN?pz  
bear承受　endeavor努力　offer提供　 alsD TQ'  
beg请求　fail不能　plan计划　 \0e`sOS`L  
bother扰乱；烦恼　forget忘记　prefer喜欢，宁愿　 ~g@}A  
care关心，喜欢　happen碰巧　prepare准备　 _ib @<%  
decide决定　learn学习　regret抱歉，遗憾　 *dC&*6Rx  
choose选择　hesitate犹豫　profess表明　 {([`[7B>a<  
claim要求　hope希望　promise承诺，允许　 8WKY 4nkj  
start开始　undertake承接　want想要　 \#N?  
consent同意，赞同　intend想要　refuse拒绝　 Pj!f^MN  
decide决定　learn学习　vow起　 PY+4OZ$  
contrive设法，图谋　incline有…倾向　propose提议 Nz;\PS