过去分词与形容词的语义差： # *pB"L
1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things m-4#s
the destructive power of modern weapons mD7NQ2:wA
Damaged: being in a bad state >;Oa|G
emotionally damaged children @mZK[*Ak<*
2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements *LhwIY
He’s one of the most respected managers in the game. IY6Ll6OK
Respectful: feeling or showing respect n:4 0T1: q
They listened in respectful silence. 0
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3. Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides. ^_v94!a 9
Preferable: A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby. V C VqU
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Preferential: Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment. [dLc+h1{B
4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights. eD7\ ,}O
Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative. X sJ`x
5.Loving: She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother. 5K9W5hA:D
Lovable: a sweet lovable child f 5bX,e)!
Lovely: We had a lovely holiday. hoBFC 1
6. Tolerated: While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone. Mfz(%F|<
Tolerant: trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds b?0WA.[{
Tolerable: All in all, it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford. NM9Vi Ym>P
虚拟语气 M6cybEk`
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 (:~_#BA
1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 JYjc^m
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 xF) .S@
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) p({|=+bl
It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) V^qBbk%l>D
(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 D.AiqO<z
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 n$j
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Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验) ; /m> c{
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) UBM
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（3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 +A,cdi9z
It took me only five minutes to finish the job. 79Q,XRWh|
2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 Obc,
(1)不定式作表语 >)+U^V
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 R'K /\
To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 =|- xj h
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。 <N 80MU L|
2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。 S9/\L6Rmf
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 9D%~~~
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To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。 Pt;\]?LVrD
3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 1nLFtiki
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 S Ld9-N}T
The function of Louis Sullivan’s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. e8]mdU{)
The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant． }>j1j^c1='
(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 H
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Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。 \}qv}hU
His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮。 \@n/L{}(@
(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。 w@f_TG"Vt
People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake. Ipmr@%~
His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected． Ix5yQgnB}j
(3)分词作表语 |y=D^N TG
分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有： |b7>kM}"
interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的 ck<4_?1]
exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的 X!_OOfueP8
delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的 pK1 (AV'L
disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 Ox43(S0~
encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 IX3U\_I#
pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的 If#7SF)n'
puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的
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satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的 SoY&R=
surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的 I5"=b}V5
worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的 nMbV{h ,
Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。 ?^
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The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。 xX
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The argument is very convincing．他的论点很令人信服。 j H G(d$h
They were very excited at the news．听到这个消息，他们非常激动。 5LK>n-
3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 tw')2UGg
英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求：
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(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 i
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1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 G j:|
attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 @'y"D
afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 m1 hf[cg
arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲，打算 ,5 *4%*n\
begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略，漏 (TQXG^n$gY
appear似乎，显得 determine决定 manage设法 G7<X l}
cease停止 hate憎恨，厌恶 pretend假装 _ Owz%
ask问 dread害怕 need需要 U|QDV16f
agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 >4E,_ `3N
swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 cG'Wh@
bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 =EJ"edw]%0
beg请求 fail不能 plan计划 C AA~VEUL
bother扰乱；烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢，宁愿 @:@rks&
care关心，喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 :KLD~k7yA(
decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉，遗憾 on\\;V_ /Q
choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 %r" GL
claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺，允许 s$_#T
start开始 undertake承接 want想要 _; {-w%Vf
consent同意，赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝 / ["T#`
decide决定 learn学习 vow起 <GN?J.B
contrive设法，图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 F?kVW[h?q
