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主题 : 考博英语语法重点总结
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楼主  发表于: 2011-01-11   
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考博英语语法重点总结

过去分词与形容词的语义差: U'F}k0h?\'  
1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things {"~[F2qR  
the destructive power of modern weapons `qmwAT  
Damaged: being in a bad state iB W:t  
emotionally damaged children XYP RMa?  
2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements  J/Y9X ,  
He’s one of the most respected managers in the game. E)m \KSwh  
Respectful: feeling or showing respect q['D?)sy  
They listened in respectful silence. )?radg  
3. Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides. [Uq`B &F:  
Preferable: A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby. ` ~m/  
Preferential: Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment. {ST8'hY  
4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights. 9A4n8,&sm  
Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative. Jgr;'U$  
5.Loving: She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother. ]7k:3"wH  
Lovable: a sweet lovable child t1iz5%`p}  
Lovely: We had a lovely holiday. xzY/$?  
6. Tolerated: While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone. 0&NM=~  
Tolerant: trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds ']2d^'TH  
Tolerable: All in all, it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford. \ CcVk"/  
虚拟语气 @ ^F{  
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义,我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 9.dZA9l@g  
1.不定式和动名词作主语的区别  ] g9SUFM  
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 7ZAxhFC  
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) >clVV6B  
It is not very good for you to smoke so much.你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体)  T7ShE-X  
(2)动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。  (L4C1h_]9  
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。  })@xWU6!  
Climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。(经验)  3_;=y\F  
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验)  $Nvox<d0  
(3)不定式做主语,一般用it当形式主语,把作主语的不定式短语后置。  .XK3o .ZhW  
It took me only five minutes to finish the job.  ^o C>,%7  
2.不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别  }3Ke  
(1)不定式作表语  F\;l)  
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作。  kd& ~_=Q  
To do two things at a time is to do neither.--次做两件事等于未做。   wDiq~!  
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。  gP8}d*W%b  
2)如果主语是不定式(表示条件),表语也是不定式(表示结果)。  ; 1?L  
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。  L*Ffic  
To work means to earn a living.工作就是为了生活。  F @t\D?  
3)如果主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,happiness,job,plan,problem,purpose,thing,wish等为中心的名词,或以what引导的名词性从句,不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。  "3 2Ua3m:G  
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future.他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。  0.!vp?  
The function of Louis Sullivan’s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior.  +('xzW  
The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant.  x5rm 2C  
(2)动名词作表语:动名词作表语,表示抽象的一般性的行为。  M9VAs~&S  
Our work is serving the people.我们的工作是为人民服务。  kJ .7C  
His hobby is collecting stamps.他的爱好是集邮。 [ot+EA  
(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同,但其所属结构迥异,进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语,说明主语的性质或情况。  Mp5Z=2l5  
People cannot but feel puzzled,for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake.  4rCw#mVtB  
His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected.  j~Ci*'*L  
(3)分词作表语  SZxnYVY  
分词做表语有两种情况,一种是现在分词做表语,一种是过去分词做表语,这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说,表示心理状态的动词如excite,interest等都是及物动词,汉语意思不是“激动”,“高兴”,而是“使激动”、“使高兴”,因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”,过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以,凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式,凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说,若人对……感兴趣,就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时,就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有:  KxJDAP  
interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的  tC+1 1M  
exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的  lYm00v6y  
delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的  U; #v-'Z  
disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的  ! v%%_sRV  
encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的  ZS&+<kGD  
pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的  +OI nf_O  
puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的  xf:|lQf  
satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的  77]Fp(uI  
surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的  a}k5[)et  
worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的  BQgK<_  
Travelling is interesting but tiring.旅行是有趣的,但是使人疲劳。  V1,4M_Z  
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much.如果要学生学得太多,他们会感到糊涂的。  K[-G2  
The argument is very convincing.他的论点很令人信服。  &x4|!" G  
They were very excited at the news.听到这个消息,他们非常激动。  )RT:u)N  
3.不定式和动名词作宾语的区别  Fe 7 8YDx?  
英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式,也可跟动名词作直接宾语,但有些动词要求:  @Rqn&tA8  
(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语  K>2Bz&)  
1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语  3qp\jh=FE  
attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视  +4]f6Zz({  
afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望  40;4=  
arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲,打算  u>03l(X6f  
begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略,漏  RDu{U(!  
appear似乎,显得 determine决定 manage设法  Gd[: &h  
cease停止 hate憎恨,厌恶 pretend假装  J}VG4}L  
ask问 dread害怕 need需要  5&Le?-/\  
agree同意 desire愿望 love爱  MB?762 Q  
swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 T5TA kEVl  
bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供  ";w"dfC^  
beg请求 fail不能 plan计划  U!524"@%U`  
bother扰乱;烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢,宁愿  R\lUE,o]<q  
care关心,喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备  ,D{D QJ(B  
decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉,遗憾  f;a55%3c  
choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明  lD1m<AC  
claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺,允许  /,^AG2]( f  
start开始 undertake承接 want想要  FWQNO(  
consent同意,赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝  a~Y`N73/c  
decide决定 learn学习 vow起  *skmTioj&  
contrive设法,图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 2j-^F  
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