过去分词与形容词的语义差: U'F}k0h?\'
1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things {"~[F 2qR
the destructive power of modern weapons `qmwAT
Damaged: being in a bad state iB
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emotionally damaged children XYP
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2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements J/Y9 X,
He’s one of the most respected managers in the game. E)m
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Respectful: feeling or showing respect q['D?)sy
They listened in respectful silence. )?radg
3. Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides. [Uq`B&F:
Preferable: A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby. `
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Preferential: Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment. {ST8'hY
4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights. 9A4n8,&sm
Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative. Jgr;'U$
5.Loving: She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother. ]7k:3"wH
Lovable: a sweet lovable child t1iz5%`p}
Lovely: We had a lovely holiday. xzY/$?
6. Tolerated: While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone. 0&NM=~
Tolerant: trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds ']2d^'TH
Tolerable: All in all, it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford. \ CcVk"/
虚拟语气 @ ^F{
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义,我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 9.dZA9l@g
1.不定式和动名词作主语的区别 ]g9SUFM
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 7ZAxhFC
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) >clVV6B
It is not very good for you to smoke so much.你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) T7ShE-X
(2)动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 (L4C1h_]9
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 })@xWU6!
Climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。(经验) 3_;=y\F
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) $Nvox<d0
(3)不定式做主语,一般用it当形式主语,把作主语的不定式短语后置。 .XK3o .ZhW
It took me only five minutes to finish the job. ^oC>,%7
2.不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 }3Ke
(1)不定式作表语 F\;l)
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作。 kd&
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To do two things at a time is to do neither.--次做两件事等于未做。 wDiq~!
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。 gP8}d*W%b
2)如果主语是不定式(表示条件),表语也是不定式(表示结果)。 ;
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To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 L*Ffic
To work means to earn a living.工作就是为了生活。 F
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3)如果主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,happiness,job,plan,problem,purpose,thing,wish等为中心的名词,或以what引导的名词性从句,不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 "3 2Ua3m:G
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future.他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 0.!vp?
The function of Louis Sullivan’s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. +('xzW
The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant. x5rm
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(2)动名词作表语:动名词作表语,表示抽象的一般性的行为。 M9VAs~&S
Our work is serving the people.我们的工作是为人民服务。 kJ.7C
His hobby is collecting stamps.他的爱好是集邮。 [ot+EA
(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同,但其所属结构迥异,进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语,说明主语的性质或情况。 Mp5Z=2l5
People cannot but feel puzzled,for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake. 4rCw#mVtB
His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected. j~Ci*'*L
(3)分词作表语 SZxnYVY
分词做表语有两种情况,一种是现在分词做表语,一种是过去分词做表语,这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说,表示心理状态的动词如excite,interest等都是及物动词,汉语意思不是“激动”,“高兴”,而是“使激动”、“使高兴”,因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”,过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以,凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式,凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说,若人对……感兴趣,就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时,就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有: KxJDAP
interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的 tC+11M
exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的 lYm00v6y
delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的 U;
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disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 ! v%%_sRV
encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 ZS&+<kGD
pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的 +OInf_O
puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的 x f:|lQf
satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的 77]Fp(uI
surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的 a}k5[)et
worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的 BQgK<_
Travelling is interesting but tiring.旅行是有趣的,但是使人疲劳。 V1,4M _Z
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much.如果要学生学得太多,他们会感到糊涂的。 K[-G2
The argument is very convincing.他的论点很令人信服。 &x4|!"G
They were very excited at the news.听到这个消息,他们非常激动。 )RT:u)N
3.不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 Fe 78YDx?
英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式,也可跟动名词作直接宾语,但有些动词要求: @Rqn&tA8
(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 K>2 Bz&)
1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 3qp\jh=FE
attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 +4]f6Zz({
afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 40;4=
arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲,打算 u>03l(X6f
begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略,漏 RDu{U(!
appear似乎,显得 determine决定 manage设法 Gd[:&h
cease停止 hate憎恨,厌恶 pretend假装 J}VG4}L
ask问 dread害怕 need需要 5&Le? -/\
agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 MB?762Q
swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 T5TAkEVl
bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 ";w"dfC^
beg请求 fail不能 plan计划 U!524"@%U`
bother扰乱;烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢,宁愿 R\lUE,o]<q
care关心,喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 ,D{D
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decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉,遗憾 f;a55%3c
choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 lD1m<AC
claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺,允许 /,^AG2]( f
start开始 undertake承接 want想要 FWQNO(
consent同意,赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝 a~Y`N73/c
decide决定 learn学习 vow起 *skmTioj&
contrive设法,图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 2j-^F