过去分词与形容词的语义差： A kEt=vI
1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things e% #?B
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the destructive power of modern weapons bcUa'ZfN<
Damaged: being in a bad state e8U6 D+jY
emotionally damaged children wqF_hs(O
2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements `OHdo$Y9
He’s one of the most respected managers in the game. l ~n=_R3
Respectful: feeling or showing respect 3a ?dNwM@
They listened in respectful silence. Q[&C tM
3. Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides. W0LJ Xp-v
Preferable: A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby. bmw"-W^U[
Preferential: Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment. bb!cZ >Z
4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights. '^ `%
Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative. roNs~]6
5.Loving: She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother. h9cx~/7,_)
Lovable: a sweet lovable child "vo
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Lovely: We had a lovely holiday. t|v_[Za }Z
6. Tolerated: While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone. RX ,c 4;
Tolerant: trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds _ {mG\*q
Tolerable: All in all, it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford. iz:O]kI
虚拟语气 8M6Qn7{L
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 Ht7v+lY90^
1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 T-.Bof (?w
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 V ee ;&
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) ~?:Xi_3Lo
It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) 3bR 6Y[
(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 Rqun} v}
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 C''[[sw'K
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验) vU!<-T#
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) n tD8:%m
（3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 Kc {~Q
It took me only five minutes to finish the job. X m%aT
2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别
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(1)不定式作表语 (0QYX[(r~o
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 e(EXQP2P>
To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。
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What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。 /r mm@
2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。 ?G$X
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To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 @P
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To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。 MDh^ic5
3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 q)KLf\
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 zoO9N oUHW
The function of Louis Sullivan’s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. gj<Y+Dv>
The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant． pk:
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(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 4
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Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。 +]N PxUa
His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮。 bF{14F$
(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。 f/K:~#k
People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake. WMXk-?v4
His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected． ^q
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(3)分词作表语 ~pj/
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分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有： LG3:V'|
interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的 ~R\Z&oQ
exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的 iv]*HE
delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的 *Mr? }_,X*
disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 y:N>t+'5
encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 3-X c3A=w
pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的 6Jf\}^4@k
puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的 %knPeo&
satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的 9x0Ao*D<t
surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的 Sx%vJYH0
worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的 `&-)(#
Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。 _N-JRM m<
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。 xX]92Q
The argument is very convincing．他的论点很令人信服。 .^J7^ Ky,
They were very excited at the news．听到这个消息，他们非常激动。 Yh}
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3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 < BNCo5*
英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求： 7>Oa, \
(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 "|:I
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1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 NhDM h8=$^
attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 p&%M=SzN
afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 :U7m@3czU
arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲，打算 ADa'(#+6
begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略，漏 =<M7t*!
appear似乎，显得 determine决定 manage设法 9-9:]2~g!
cease停止 hate憎恨，厌恶 pretend假装 K{)YnY_E;
ask问 dread害怕 need需要 0bQm:J[(#
agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 dU~DlaEy(
swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 '0!IF&p'
bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 gTp){
beg请求 fail不能 plan计划 %7$oig\wE
bother扰乱；烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢，宁愿 ?*~Pgh >uL
care关心，喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 mQOYjy3
decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉，遗憾 96.A8o
choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 GoGo@5n(Z
claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺，允许 `euk&]/^.)
start开始 undertake承接 want想要 I+Q`i:\,q
consent同意，赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝 MO{6B#(<F
decide决定 learn学习 vow起 dD2N !umW
contrive设法，图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 GMZj@q
