英语语法是针对英语语言的语法进行的研究。语法是组词造句的规则，是把合适的词放进合适位置的艺术，语法可分为两大部分：词法和句法。词法包括各类词的形态及其变化，句法主要讲句子的种类和类型，句子成分以及遣词造句的规律。由此可见学好语法对考博英语的重要性，在此，整理了考博英语必备语法知识点，希望考生们学以致用，考博英语取得好的成绩。一考博英语语法：独立主格 !J6;F}Pd/
1. 充当句子的状语。 PeX^aEc
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 {4 y#+[
3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 K9HXy*y49
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) I[l8@!0
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. Uh w:XV@m
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. >1$
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c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). u_Wftb?9
真题剖析 8ofKj: W ]
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. G<$ N*3
45. A. For
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C. With *U mWcFoF
D. Because q ` 0wG3
练习： FK+`K<
Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. ubQbEv {(,
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二考博英语语法：虚拟语气 虚拟语气 /wX5>^
1. (should)+动词原形 XCd[<\l
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 \|YIuzlO4
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 0}3Xry,{
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 @~CXnc0
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 7t3ps
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 l3:2f-H
would rather +动词过去式 tyU'[LF?
真题剖析 w(oi6kg
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … ZZ324UuATX
47. A. do
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C. don’t =$ -+~
D. didn’t 2_Gb K-
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. `kYcTFk
53. A. ordered
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B. pleaded LaX<2]Tx:
C. decided [.'9Sw
D. demanded h
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练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. 2 GxkOch
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B. would take P?h B`5X
C. will take slQEAqG)B
D. should take @y2cC6+'t
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. Om(Ir&0
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) MNf^ml[
54.A. shall E5yn,-GyE0
B.will abw5Gz@Ag
C.would )fl+3!tq
D.should 5><T#0W?
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三考博英语语法:非谓语动词 动名词、分词、不定式。 )|6OPR@(#/
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) P9)L1l<3I
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) V8rS~'{\
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 &Qmb?{S0
真题剖析 2(f-0or(
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. [)?yH3
60. A. dropped p
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B. to drop ^% L;FGaA
C. dropping e>x+ Xj1
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(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. &g~NkJc0c
59. A. destructive K >Q 6
B. dissatisfied (Q=:ln;kM
C. damaged g>
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D. derivative ??f,(om
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四考博英语语法：主谓一致 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 v'm-A d+4t
How you got there doesn’t concern me. _WZ{ i,
Growing vegetables needs constant watering.
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2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 J%lrXm(l{
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. bB)$=7\
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 B|.A6:1g+
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 cl`7|;v|?
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). ;ik,6_/Y
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 0oZZLi
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. (*kKfg4Wj
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) /|3~LvIt=
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) UC j:]!P
He no less than John is interested in literature. >
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7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) qMoo#UX
Either my father or my brothers are coming. ! ? >I
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 wR,}#m,
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. V5p^]To!
真题剖析 RI+Y+z
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. A xeQv' e
53. A. none e.^? hwl
B. few x!7r7|iV
C. any `+0d z,
D. some e*}:t H
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五考博英语语法：倒装 全部倒装 O hRf&5u$
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” e"*1l>g
There stand big buildings in this district. +o'xyR '(
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. +SE \c
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) ? JTTl;
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. J{\(Y#|rHs
