考博英语语法详解（一）

英语语法是针对英语语言的语法进行的研究。语法是组词造句的规则，是把合适的词放进合适位置的艺术，语法可分为两大部分：词法和句法。词法包括各类词的形态及其变化，句法主要讲句子的种类和类型，句子成分以及遣词造句的规律。由此可见学好语法对考博英语的重要性，在此，整理了考博英语必备语法知识点，希望考生们学以致用，考博英语取得好的成绩。一考博英语语法：独立主格     　　　　 NNl/'ge<\  
    1. 充当句子的状语。 t^C
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　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 rIb[gm)Rk  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 n/,7ryu  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) ^CK)q2K>[  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. MW`a>'0t?  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. #dpt=  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). R
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　　真题剖析 =` i 7?  
　　(1995)   45   cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. /hX"O?^  
　　45. A. For @Qs-A^.  
　　B. As 7%E1F)%  
　　C. With 5./ (fgx>  
　　D. Because 4iLU "~  
　　练习： &1h3o^ K  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. tl)}Be+Dt;  
　　8. A. is pt4xUu{  
　　B. having 6fV)8,F3  
　　C. being Un/fP1  
　　D. be Iv <9})2K  

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二考博英语语法：虚拟语气　　虚拟语气 e 6R"W9  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 tbPPI)lu  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 xI<dBg|]+  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 iTt=aQjd  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 dI!/:x  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 # 0!IUSa  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 'sF563kE  
　　would rather +动词过去式 SNU bY6  
　　真题剖析 ->hxHr`!%a  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … JKT+ q*V  
　　47. A. do VjqdKQeVq  
　　B. did BP[U` !  
　　C. don’t f`, Hr?H  
　　D. didn’t 0tqR wKL  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. Tqa4~|6  
　　53. A. ordered 5)zB/Ta<  
　　B. pleaded %'T>kz*A  
　　C. decided b(q&}60  
　　D. demanded 'c[LTpn4=  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart.  y:OywIi(  
　　15. A. took ptv4v[gQ  
　　B. would take $cOD6Xr)d  
　　C. will take :UcS$M1LE  
　　D. should take c2\vG  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. `7%eA9*.m  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) ,A!e
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　　54.A. shall W79A4l<  
　　B.will 'B5J.Xe:  
　　C.would &E &iaw!  
　　D.should WJU NJN  
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三考博英语语法:非谓语动词　　动名词、分词、不定式。 A4Q)YY9~  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) :ZfUjqRE  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) @ KPv&UB  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 E9d i  
　　真题剖析 P>T*:!s;  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. To8v#.i  
　　60. A. dropped uP=_-ZUW  
　　B. to drop .(dmuV9  
　　C. dropping dezL{:Ya  
　　D.drops mYjiiql~  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. KvJP(!{  
　　59. A. destructive u1|P'>;lF  
　　B. dissatisfied
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　　C. damaged 1xdESorX(  
　　D. derivative W3V{Xk|  
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四考博英语语法：主谓一致　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 .FbZVYc]  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. KYRm Ui#  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. (-'0g@0UA  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 u};]LX\E  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. !!+/Wgd:6  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 rxgVT4  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 M*~v'L_sI  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). &v auLp  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 ngkeJ)M0$  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. gKs/T'PW  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) IGK_1@tq  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) Dmm r]~  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. D#/%*|  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) 8MeO U  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. PQ&Q71  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 j""y2c1  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. ^iV`g?z  
　　真题剖析 A ^4kYOe  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. #GY&$8.u*  
　　53. A. none $&xuVBs   
　　B. few TJyH/C  
　　C. any 3I;xU(rv  
　　D. some QWzOp\+  
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五考博英语语法：倒装　　全部倒装 o8};e  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” ~}7$uW0ol  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. `'[7~Ew[  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books.  4]D
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　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) "RV`L[(P*k  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. |8DH4*y!