英语语法是针对英语语言的语法进行的研究。语法是组词造句的规则，是把合适的词放进合适位置的艺术，语法可分为两大部分：词法和句法。词法包括各类词的形态及其变化，句法主要讲句子的种类和类型，句子成分以及遣词造句的规律。由此可见学好语法对考博英语的重要性，在此，整理了考博英语必备语法知识点，希望考生们学以致用，考博英语取得好的成绩。一考博英语语法：独立主格 kL% o9=R1
1. 充当句子的状语。 7p,!<X}%
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 ,wk %) ^
3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 ww~gmz
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) i>@" &
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home.
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b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. Jgf= y ri
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). VXu1Y xY
真题剖析 K #'{Ko
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. 1;y?!;FD
45. A. For }G[Qm2k
B. As -8 , lXrH
C. With w]V
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D. Because '~kAsn*/
练习： [ncOtDE
Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. v8 o{3wJ
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B. having % wS5 m#n
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D. be O[#pB.
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二考博英语语法：虚拟语气 虚拟语气 tV,Y38e
1. (should)+动词原形 ! &OybjQ
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 9hIcnPu
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 3xGk@ 3 33
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 Z &R{jQ,
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 7ehs+GI
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 6?v)Hb}J%d
would rather +动词过去式 rwUKg[
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真题剖析 } 2eP~3
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … wx|eO [14
47. A. do L0H kmaH
B. did jP9)utEm6
C. don’t m# ]VdO'f
D. didn’t OK}+:Y
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. ,!?&LdPt>
53. A. ordered hw [G
B. pleaded <|'C| J_!
C. decided j7|r ^
D. demanded ie!ik
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. D d$ SQ
15. A. took qUY QN2wG
B. would take M#Vl{ b
C. will take \*0ow`|K
D. should take a0oM KGW:
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. > T,^n
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(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) n3t0Qc
54.A. shall )r#^{{6[v
B.will
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D.should 8p fQAzl
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三考博英语语法:非谓语动词 动名词、分词、不定式。 !'()QtvC<
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) q1Vh]d
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) YH(
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To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 VemgG)\
真题剖析 xG05OqKpE
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. ).0h4oHSj
60. A. dropped cCd2f>EHw
B. to drop C< GS._V&
C. dropping H=OKm
D.drops -,t2D/ xK
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. Z ?H#= |U
59. A. destructive $\xS~ w
B. dissatisfied G'/36M@
C. damaged oe$Y=
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D. derivative RzG<&a3B3s
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四考博英语语法：主谓一致 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 kDM\IyM<\
How you got there doesn’t concern me. d>z?JD t
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. \Lxsg! wtJ
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 :^+ aJ]
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. Suixk'-
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 6mr5` 5~w
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 ln#Jb &u
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). SG1fu<Q6J
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 &BnK[Q8X
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. P T7L65
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) )J& 1uMp{
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等)
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He no less than John is interested in literature. { FO>^~>l
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) 9H~3&-8&
Either my father or my brothers are coming. @G 0k+
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 qk pnXQ
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. g bOd(ugH
真题剖析 RkVU^N"
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. ,/n<Qg"`
53. A. none l?:!G7ie
B. few *rPUV
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C. any wykk</eQ.i
D. some V_JM@VN}Kk
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五考博英语语法：倒装 全部倒装 ,>X
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1. “There (Here) +be+主语”
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There stand big buildings in this district. iOI8'`mk
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. _idTsd:\
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) ]YcM45xg
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. ^<fN
