英语语法是针对英语语言的语法进行的研究。语法是组词造句的规则，是把合适的词放进合适位置的艺术，语法可分为两大部分：词法和句法。词法包括各类词的形态及其变化，句法主要讲句子的种类和类型，句子成分以及遣词造句的规律。由此可见学好语法对考博英语的重要性，在此，整理了考博英语必备语法知识点，希望考生们学以致用，考博英语取得好的成绩。一考博英语语法：独立主格 TjK{9 A
1. 充当句子的状语。 !3 3#. @[
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 SZ![%)83
3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 W) j|rz.
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词)
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例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. 5y2?
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b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. ylf[/='0K
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). y@bcYOh3
真题剖析 !;@_VWR
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. 5(2|tJw-H;
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练习： PeX1wK%f
Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. / il@`w;G
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二考博英语语法：虚拟语气 虚拟语气 `i ,_aFB|
1. (should)+动词原形 LVIAF0kX
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 o 6 {\Zzp
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 pN6%&@) =
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 D\~zS`}
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 os3 8u!3-
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 QZAB=rR
would rather +动词过去式 + Y.1)i}
真题剖析 _ Jz8{` "
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … D'<VYl" /
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D. didn’t 2N #$X'8
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. h/eR
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B. pleaded D F]9 @ {
C. decided d9*hBm
D. demanded mpC`Yk
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. .9*wY0:
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D. should take C
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(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. ,)+
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B.will RpG+>"1]
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三考博英语语法:非谓语动词 动名词、分词、不定式。 3K&4i'}V
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) ]Y6cwZOe
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) "xcX' F^
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 eAUcv `[#p
真题剖析 hc
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(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. :.( ;<b<\
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B. to drop L!/\8-&$P
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D.drops ob+euCuJ
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. #T`t79*N
59. A. destructive :^UFiUzrE
B. dissatisfied I%|>2}-_U
C. damaged b o.(zAz
D. derivative !=;XBd-
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四考博英语语法：主谓一致 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 y H] [(o=2
How you got there doesn’t concern me.
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Growing vegetables needs constant watering. A^K bsc
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 tx?dI y;
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. B|o2K}%f
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 keRE==(D
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 t 6v/sZ{F
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). `y#UJYXQE
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 W0I#\b18
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. ZiLj=bh
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) = k\ J<
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) Vh>Z,()>>@
He no less than John is interested in literature. x@8a''
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) "RI
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Either my father or my brothers are coming. <w3!!+oK"
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 Z`YJBcXR
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. Z|}G6]h
真题剖析 yCCrK@{oo
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. j 65<8svl
53. A. none Q_l'o3
B. few +S Jd@y@fR
C. any q+,Q <2J
D. some H#ClIh?'b
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五考博英语语法：倒装 全部倒装 bV/jfV"%E
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” [`
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There stand big buildings in this district. Y`?-VaY
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. \6\<~UX^
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) 6-O_\Cq8
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. @B}aN@!/
