英语语法是针对英语语言的语法进行的研究。语法是组词造句的规则，是把合适的词放进合适位置的艺术，语法可分为两大部分：词法和句法。词法包括各类词的形态及其变化，句法主要讲句子的种类和类型，句子成分以及遣词造句的规律。由此可见学好语法对考博英语的重要性，在此，整理了考博英语必备语法知识点，希望考生们学以致用，考博英语取得好的成绩。一考博英语语法：独立主格 >W8bWQ^fK
1. 充当句子的状语。 3QCMK^#Z:
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 "3@KRb4f
3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 BwJNi6,
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) [/?c @N,
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. (F_w>w.h
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. ;)gLjF/F7
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). }W1^
t
真题剖析 '#H&:Htm;L
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. SLSF
<$
45. A. For 8, =G1c
B. As V{KjRSVf=
C. With _=uviMuE
D. Because /;DjJpwf0
练习： SAP;9*f1\
Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. )eECOfmnZ
8. A. is )+?HI^-[S
B. having {h,_"g\V
C. being C} 9Kx }q
D. be fO #?k<p
sqT^t!
{ZG:M}ieN
二考博英语语法：虚拟语气 虚拟语气 A hR0zg
1. (should)+动词原形 Oohq9f#!
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 {f-XyF1`
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 *=TYVM9
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 {(%~i3 7
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 B.}cB' |
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 ]Ym=+lgi
would rather +动词过去式 TQ?#PRB
真题剖析 h <)yJh
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … g#}tm<
47. A. do V; k#})_-
B. did )L >Q;'
C. don’t bfhz?,b
D. didn’t TywK\hH
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. -n-Z/5~ X
53. A. ordered G~(& 3
B. pleaded _\UIc;3Gl
C. decided SetX#e?q~
D. demanded =6fB*bNk]
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. t| _{;!^
15. A. took %7
/,m
B. would take [8TS"ph>
C. will take zC#%6@P\
D. should take me:iQ.g
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. 5/,Qz>QE[
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) [Teh*CV
54.A. shall aDh|48}X
B.will (7~%B"
C.would GL`tOD:P"
D.should w&5/Zh[~~L
MnS+
nH!d
{[tZ.1.w
三考博英语语法:非谓语动词 动名词、分词、不定式。 *D c@CmBr
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) .6Fsw
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) %/!+(7
D
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。
QAUykS8
真题剖析 }uiPvO+&p
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. h1-Gp3#
60. A. dropped f "P$f8$
B. to drop U!Mf]3
C. dropping .
pP7"E4]
D.drops m9!DOL1pl
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. 7>mhK7l
59. A. destructive R ;
'?;I
B. dissatisfied Q.E_:=*H
C. damaged %qi%$
D. derivative uY]T: UVk
.<.#aY;N
;W ~4L+e
四考博英语语法：主谓一致 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 U{HML|
How you got there doesn’t concern me. x?
=B\8m
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. 0 Z8 /R
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 UFf,+4q
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. v# F-<?Vv
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 gmDR{loX
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 K"^cq~
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). &~ y{'zoL
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 {#9,j]<
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. :*cHA
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) B%
mtp;) P
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) o?y"]RCM
He no less than John is interested in literature. 8, y{ q9O
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) |(&oI(l5K
Either my father or my brothers are coming. wonYm27f
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 o X@nP?\
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. YuA7r" c
真题剖析 -!~vA+jw1
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. #//
%&k
53. A. none &rP~`4Mkp
B. few NnP.k7m)
C. any 3A d*,>!
D. some 1\IZcJ {
ee^4KKs
h\
T\fu dmj&
五考博英语语法：倒装 全部倒装 wx./"m.M
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” qs Tq*G
There stand big buildings in this district. H) cQO?B
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. V_ lG
j
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) L\YZT|
K(
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. PF`:1;P U
