长难句 GZc%*
第一节：非谓语动词 Tj{!Fx^H
1．In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownershipofproductiveresourcesbutalsocertainrights,includingtherighttodeterminethe 2/B Flb
price ofaproductor tomake afree contract with another private individual. % KY&E>^
2．Arguingfromtheviewthathumansaredifferentfromanimalsineveryrelevantrespect, extremists ofthis kindthinkthatanimalslie outsidetheareaof moralchoice. b['TRYc=:
第二节：名词性从句 ,U'Er#U
一 主语从句 fXw%2wg
1.Thatasmuchas one-fourth ofall timber harvested is notusedprovedto befalse. j>s%q .
y( MF_'l
2.Itisoneofthe mostunpleasantdiscoverieswhichweallmakethatwemustdeclineinthis way, thatifweescapewars,accidentsanddiseasesweshalleventuallydieofoldage,and that this happens atarate whichdiffers little fromperson toperson, so that there are heavyodds in favor ofourdyingbetweenthe ages ofsixty-five andeighty. _ }!Q4K
二 宾语从句 .@APxeU
1. Somephilosophers arguethat rightsexist onlywithinasocialcontract, aspart ofan exchange ofduties andentitlements. @Ds?
`>8|
2. Itwasnecessaryto recognizethattheseinstitutions whicharebased on thesamepremises, letus saythesupernatural,mustbeconsideredtogether,our own amongtherest. kQI WD
N
三 表语从句 cx2s|@u0
1. Theironyofthehistorian’scraftisthatitspractitionersalwaysknowthattheireffortsare butcontributionsto an unending process. igz:ek`
r+0)l:{.
2. Galileo’s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person toturn the newly invented telescopeon the heavensto prove thattheplanetsrevolvearound the sunrather than around theearth. m ]K.0E
四 同位语从句 -"a+<(Y
1. Influencedbytheviewofsometwentieth-centuryfeministsthatwomen’spositionwithin the family is one of the central factors determining women’s social position, some historianshave underestimated thesignificance ofthewomansuffragemovement. s !8]CV>
2. Thismodernfaithinmedicines is proved bythefactthatthe annualdrugbilloftheHealth Servicesismountingtoastronomicalfigures andshowsnosigns atpresentofceasing to rise. CsSB'+&{
第三节：定语从句 !gf&l ^)
1. Besides,thisisunlikelytoproducetheneedednumberofeverykindofprofessionalina >/bl
r}5
H
T"d]QYJS
5Ll[vBW
country aslarge as ours andwhere theeconomy is spread over somanystates andinvolves somanyinternationalcorporations. ~82jL%-u
xJ&StN/'
2. Silicon Valley is a magnet to which numerous talented engineers, scientists and entrepreneursfromoverseasflockinsearchoffame,fastmoneyandtoparticipateina technologicalrevolutionwhoseimpactonmankindwillsurelysurpasstheepoch-making European Renaissance andIndustrial Revolution ofthebygoneage. (Z,,H1L
第四节：状语从句 syZ-xE]}
1. Thegreaterinterestinexceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationoverthepastthree decadesindicates thestrongfeelinginoursocietythatallcitizens, whatevertheir special conditions,deservetheopportunity tofullydeveloptheir capabilities. "4t Ry9 q
uEi!P2zN
2. Initiallythebraincanfunctionnormallyasitlosesdopaminergicneuronsin thesubstantia nigra, eventhough itcannotreplacethedead cells. Pm ?6]] 7
第五节：并列结构 c ~R Il5j
1. Childrenwillplaywithdollsequippedwithpersonalitychips,computerswith in-built personalities willberegardedasworkmatesrather thantools,relaxation willbe in frontof smell-television,anddigitalage willhavearrived. y
ph
tIr66'8
2. The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only as little more than a hundredyearsage,andtheselectiveroleoftheenvironmentinshapingandmaintaining thebehavior oftheindividual is onlybeginning to berecognized andstudied. _ _)Z Q
第六节：强调结构 x9_ Lt4
强调结构是指在句子当中，有时为了突出句子的某些成分以加强语气，增强情感色彩或 加强对比，需要改变句子结构，这种结构叫做强调结构 7>ODaj
C3_*o>8
1Do(does/did)+原形动词表强调 此种结构来强调谓语动词，往往只用于一般现在时或一般过去时的肯定句或肯定结构的 u%h<5WNh<
祈使句，不适用于"be"动词 v %FVz
2Itis/was...that(who)结构表强调 ,!Hl@(
3 强调部分提前 u\E.H5u27
-xcz+pHQ
1. Thus, intheAmericaneconomicsystemitis thedemandsofindividualconsumers,coupled with thedesireofbusinessmen tomaximizeprofitsandthedesireofindividualsto maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used toproduce it. rzTyHK[
NFSPw` f
2. Itisanimalsandplantswhichlivedinornearwaterwhoseremainsaremostlikelytobe preserved,foroneof thenecessaryconditionsofpreservationis quickburial,and itisonly intheseasandrivers,and sometimes lakes,wheremudandsilthavebeencontinuously deposited,thatbodies andthelike can be rapidlycovered over andpreserved. WWe.1A,
R #ZDB]2
0?:ZER v
第七节：比较结构 aFSZYyPxwv
英语中，比较结构的句型复杂，表现形式多样。在翻译的时候，需要仔细分析，在准确 理解的基础上，才能进行贴切的表达。所以，从理解与表达的角度来看，比较的形式是次要 的，真正重要的是意义上的比较。只要意义上表示比较，就属于比较句式。常见的比较结构 的意义很容易理解，所以也比较容易翻译，如：I am tallerthan he.（我比他高）。因此，这 里不再叙述基本比较结构的翻译方法，而主要介绍在意义上容易混淆的比较结构的翻译。 Ml3F\ fAW
一、as…as…句型 ;,A\bmC
（一）as…as…句型 l1:j/[B=
as…as…句型是同级比较，表示两者比较程度一样。所以在翻译的时候，通常翻译为“… DuE>KX{<!R
和….一样”。 o+t?OG/0
（二）notas (or so)…as…句型 W[?B@ sdSZ
跟as…as…句型相反的结构notas(orso)…as…表示两者的程度不一样，前者不如后者， 所以，通常翻译为“…不如…”。 ]S[r$<r$
（三）notsomuch…as…句型 LH_ 2oJ\
not somuch…as…通常翻译为“与其说…不如说…”。 A:!{+
（四）notsomuch as…句型 fU}w
81oe
not somuchas…这个结构相当于“noteven…”，所以通常翻译为“甚至不…，甚至没有…”。 请注意与not somuch…as…这个结构的区别。 [V f|4xcD
Hecannot somuchas spella word. 他甚至连一个词也不会写。 hnZHu\EJ
二、比较级+thantodo…句型 btY Pp0o~
由比较级与than todosth.结合在一起的句型，通常翻译为“不至于做某事”。 Kaa*;T![
I hada bettercommand ofEnglish than tomakesuch foolish mistakes. Vg+SXq6G
我的英语学得很好，不至于犯这样愚蠢的错误。 qa~[fORO[
?4Lo"igAA
三、more…than…句型 (NQ[A ypMI
（一）more Athan B句型 cm3Y!p{p"
A比B多 OS
6 )`
是A而不是B 与其说B不如说A less Athan B句型 A比B少 ?*@h]4+k'
是B而不是A $!f$R`R^Q\
与其说A不如说B }rE|\ p>
（二）morethan…句型 W% [5~N
在英语中，如果more than…句型后面所跟的词性不相同，意义也不尽相同，所以应该 用不同的汉语词来翻译。 n`,Q:
1．morethan后面接数词，表示“多于…，….以上”的意思。 8z CAy@u
2．morethan后面接名词或者动词，表示“不只是…”的意思。 =gIYa
3．morethan后面接形容词、副词或者分词，表示“极其，非常”的意思。 "Pc,+>vh
4．morethan…can…则表示“难以…，完全不能…”的意思。 @\y7
9 FX
（三）nomore…than…句型 ,gvX ~k
1. nomore Athan B D 'h2 DP!
notAanymorethan B [1 C#[Vla
3(:mRb}
YiTp-@$}
A不是B也不是 Uja
C( c
2.noless Athan B A是B也是 |
#Pc
e
l.x }I"tf
1. Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of themindsof themenwhowatchtheexperiments. c)8wO=!
LXLDu2/@
2. Theseproposalssoughttoplacegreaterrestrictionsontheuseandcopyingofdigital informationthan existintraditionalmedia. \bOjb\ w$
2M?
lgh4"
第八节：否定结构 d_+8=nh3
英语中的否定结构是翻译中的一个常见而以比较复杂质问题。由于英汉两种语言在表达 方法上存在很大差异，尤其在表达否定概念上，英语在用词、语法和逻辑等方面与汉语都有 很大不同。有些英语否定句译成汉语后却变成了肯定形式，而另一些肯定句型译成汉语后又 往往变成否定形式。在翻译过程中，这些否定句就象陷阱一样，稍有不慎，就会掉入其中。 因此翻译否定结构时，切不可望文生义，而必须细心揣摩，真正透彻理解其意义，然后根据 汉语的表达习惯进行翻译。只有正确地理解英语中的各种否定句型，才能使译文准确、恰当 地表达出原文的含义。 M 9#QS`G
1 形式肯定但意义否定 morethan can… anythingbut… / aG>we
may (might)aswell… Lf#G
?]@
too…todo too…forn -y?Z}5-rs
2 形式否定但意义肯定 kZ9< j+.
not…until（直到……才），not…too（越……越好），nonebut（只有），nothingbut（只有）， nothingmorethan（仅仅），no sooner…than（刚一……就），hardly…when…（刚一……就）,not only…butalso(不仅……而且)，not…longbefore（很快就），nomorethan（仅仅，只是），no other than（只有，正是） e<4z)
3 否定谓语转换为否定状语 英语原文否定谓语，翻译成汉语时，需要把否定转移到状语上。 Hedoesn’tstudy inthe classroom. 他不在教室里学习。 w<Cmzkf
4 主句的否定转换为从句的否定 英语原文否定主句，而翻译成汉语的时候，需要把否定转移到从句上。这样 结构常常 LG# w/).^
是not…because….，可以翻译为“并不是因为…才…”。 0 '7s
She did notcomebecauseshe wanted to seeme. Wk?|BR]O
4i/q^;`
1. Thecontemporaryphenomenonofcarworshipistobeexplainednotleastbythesenseof independence andfreedomthat ownership entails. (QSWb>np
2. Childrenoftodaydonotautomaticallybecomemoresophisticatedbecausetheyhave access tomoreinformationthan children ofthepast. o
k s=|'&
@>2 rz
H ?j-=Zka
第九节：倒装结构 sBtG}Mo )
1. Forexample,theydonotcompensateforgrosssocialinequality,andthisdonottellhow able an underprivileged youngstermighthave been hadhegrown up under morefavorable circumstances. SU
O;
2. Acultureinwhichthecitizenssharesimilarreligiousbeliefsandvaluesismorelikelyto havelawsthatrepresentthewishesofitspeoplethanisaculturewherecitizenscome fromdiversebackgrounds. yvWzc
uL#
第十节：分裂结构 BhW]Oq&
1. Whilewarningsareoftenappropriateandnecessary----thedangersofdruginteractions, for example----and manyare required bystate or federalregulations,itisn’tclear thatthey actuallyprotectthemanufacturers andsellersfromliabilityifacustomer isinjured. V`,[=u?c
8EG8!,\I
2. Odd thoughitsounds,cosmic inflation isascientificallyplausible consequence ofsome respected ideasinelementary-particlephysics,and manyastrophysicists havebeen convinced forthebetter partof adecadethat it istrue. 3>9 dJx4I
$Kz\
h#}
