长难句 #Q|ACNpYM
第一节:非谓语动词 <_4'So>
1.In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownershipofproductiveresourcesbutalsocertainrights,includingtherighttodeterminethe F5\{`
price ofaproductor tomake afree contract with another private individual. i\RB KF
2.Arguingfromtheviewthathumansaredifferentfromanimalsineveryrelevantrespect, extremists ofthis kindthinkthatanimalslie outsidetheareaof moralchoice. #jw%0H;l]
第二节:名词性从句 SqoO
"(1x
一 主语从句 \Zn~y--Z
1.Thatasmuchas one-fourth ofall timber harvested is notusedprovedto befalse. ")W5`9
r<"k
/
2.Itisoneofthe mostunpleasantdiscoverieswhichweallmakethatwemustdeclineinthis way, thatifweescapewars,accidentsanddiseasesweshalleventuallydieofoldage,and that this happens atarate whichdiffers little fromperson toperson, so that there are heavyodds in favor ofourdyingbetweenthe ages ofsixty-five andeighty. 1*B'o<?P1
二 宾语从句 p{w;y6e
1. Somephilosophers arguethat rightsexist onlywithinasocialcontract, aspart ofan exchange ofduties andentitlements. -nB.
.q
W1O Y}2kj
2. Itwasnecessaryto recognizethattheseinstitutions whicharebased on thesamepremises, letus saythesupernatural,mustbeconsideredtogether,our own amongtherest.
e:6mz\J
三 表语从句 7i9wfc h$U
1. Theironyofthehistorian’scraftisthatitspractitionersalwaysknowthattheireffortsare butcontributionsto an unending process. w-``kID
M =GF@C;b
2. Galileo’s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person toturn the newly invented telescopeon the heavensto prove thattheplanetsrevolvearound the sunrather than around theearth. 05;J7T<
四 同位语从句 !]#;'
1. Influencedbytheviewofsometwentieth-centuryfeministsthatwomen’spositionwithin the family is one of the central factors determining women’s social position, some historianshave underestimated thesignificance ofthewomansuffragemovement. Q_|Lv&
2. Thismodernfaithinmedicines is proved bythefactthatthe annualdrugbilloftheHealth Servicesismountingtoastronomicalfigures andshowsnosigns atpresentofceasing to rise. iMp_1EXe
第三节:定语从句 }yM!o`
90
1. Besides,thisisunlikelytoproducetheneedednumberofeverykindofprofessionalina t` zPx#])
WD#7Q&T(;
{7 nz:f
country aslarge as ours andwhere theeconomy is spread over somanystates andinvolves somanyinternationalcorporations. 0u ,nSvch
lf2(h4[1R
2. Silicon Valley is a magnet to which numerous talented engineers, scientists and entrepreneursfromoverseasflockinsearchoffame,fastmoneyandtoparticipateina technologicalrevolutionwhoseimpactonmankindwillsurelysurpasstheepoch-making European Renaissance andIndustrial Revolution ofthebygoneage. qjLFgsd
第四节:状语从句 +v|]RgyW)
1. Thegreaterinterestinexceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationoverthepastthree decadesindicates thestrongfeelinginoursocietythatallcitizens, whatevertheir special conditions,deservetheopportunity tofullydeveloptheir capabilities. 'V:ah38
. AX6xc6
2. Initiallythebraincanfunctionnormallyasitlosesdopaminergicneuronsin thesubstantia nigra, eventhough itcannotreplacethedead cells. etH]-S
第五节:并列结构 KoTQc0b!
1. Childrenwillplaywithdollsequippedwithpersonalitychips,computerswith in-built personalities willberegardedasworkmatesrather thantools,relaxation willbe in frontof smell-television,anddigitalage willhavearrived. x=VLRh%Gvl
9K_p4
mq
2. The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only as little more than a hundredyearsage,andtheselectiveroleoftheenvironmentinshapingandmaintaining thebehavior oftheindividual is onlybeginning to berecognized andstudied. Cb;49;q
第六节:强调结构 bJ9K!6s??`
强调结构是指在句子当中,有时为了突出句子的某些成分以加强语气,增强情感色彩或 加强对比,需要改变句子结构,这种结构叫做强调结构 NEX{vZkgw
.06[*S
1Do(does/did)+原形动词表强调 此种结构来强调谓语动词,往往只用于一般现在时或一般过去时的肯定句或肯定结构的 f;%\4TH
?
祈使句,不适用于"be"动词 R3@$ao
2Itis/was...that(who)结构表强调 L:RMZp*bK
3 强调部分提前 Ra^GbT|Z
p>GxSE)
1. Thus, intheAmericaneconomicsystemitis thedemandsofindividualconsumers,coupled with thedesireofbusinessmen tomaximizeprofitsandthedesireofindividualsto maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used toproduce it. e khx?rz
^%k[YJtB=i
2. Itisanimalsandplantswhichlivedinornearwaterwhoseremainsaremostlikelytobe preserved,foroneof thenecessaryconditionsofpreservationis quickburial,and itisonly intheseasandrivers,and sometimes lakes,wheremudandsilthavebeencontinuously deposited,thatbodies andthelike can be rapidlycovered over andpreserved. $&[}+??
2/V9Or52
2';f8JLY
第七节:比较结构 <hSrx7o
英语中,比较结构的句型复杂,表现形式多样。在翻译的时候,需要仔细分析,在准确 理解的基础上,才能进行贴切的表达。所以,从理解与表达的角度来看,比较的形式是次要 的,真正重要的是意义上的比较。只要意义上表示比较,就属于比较句式。常见的比较结构 的意义很容易理解,所以也比较容易翻译,如:I am tallerthan he.(我比他高)。因此,这 里不再叙述基本比较结构的翻译方法,而主要介绍在意义上容易混淆的比较结构的翻译。 %vFoTu)2
一、as…as…句型 CP!>V:w%9!
(一)as…as…句型 COk;z.Kn
as…as…句型是同级比较,表示两者比较程度一样。所以在翻译的时候,通常翻译为“… eW^_YG%(
和….一样”。 ts3BmfR?
(二)notas (or so)…as…句型 XF 8$D
跟as…as…句型相反的结构notas(orso)…as…表示两者的程度不一样,前者不如后者, 所以,通常翻译为“…不如…”。 KM;'MlO
(三)notsomuch…as…句型 m?Qr)F_M
not somuch…as…通常翻译为“与其说…不如说…”。 jk'.Gz
(四)notsomuch as…句型 x O~t
not somuchas…这个结构相当于“noteven…”,所以通常翻译为“甚至不…,甚至没有…”。 请注意与not somuch…as…这个结构的区别。 !9knFt43
Hecannot somuchas spella word. 他甚至连一个词也不会写。 ` kG}NJf
二、比较级+thantodo…句型 8DsXw@o
由比较级与than todosth.结合在一起的句型,通常翻译为“不至于做某事”。 #A '|O\RGP
I hada bettercommand ofEnglish than tomakesuch foolish mistakes. SsE8;IGH
我的英语学得很好,不至于犯这样愚蠢的错误。 F qW[L>M'
- s,M+Q(<
三、more…than…句型 Pgg\(D#X`
(一)more Athan B句型 ?4 fXCb]7
A比B多 <-1(G1v
是A而不是B 与其说B不如说A less Athan B句型 A比B少 F.0CJ7s
是B而不是A A1A/OU<Vb
与其说A不如说B ,r
-l^I3<
(二)morethan…句型 1j7sJ" *
在英语中,如果more than…句型后面所跟的词性不相同,意义也不尽相同,所以应该 用不同的汉语词来翻译。 u::2c
1.morethan后面接数词,表示“多于…,….以上”的意思。 8RfFP\ AP
2.morethan后面接名词或者动词,表示“不只是…”的意思。 >(}
I7
3.morethan后面接形容词、副词或者分词,表示“极其,非常”的意思。 RiY9[ec2
4.morethan…can…则表示“难以…,完全不能…”的意思。 KfO$bmwmx
(三)nomore…than…句型 ,&1DKx
1. nomore Athan B j}2,|9ne
notAanymorethan B }CiB+
43"`gF]
l 4zl|6%
A不是B也不是 Iq@: n_~
2.noless Athan B A是B也是 ;<JyA3i^V,
cBl
F
1. Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of themindsof themenwhowatchtheexperiments. &vf%E@<
q"|,HpQ
2. Theseproposalssoughttoplacegreaterrestrictionsontheuseandcopyingofdigital informationthan existintraditionalmedia. oA^aT:o +
1<y|,
第八节:否定结构 T+O Qa+E@P
英语中的否定结构是翻译中的一个常见而以比较复杂质问题。由于英汉两种语言在表达 方法上存在很大差异,尤其在表达否定概念上,英语在用词、语法和逻辑等方面与汉语都有 很大不同。有些英语否定句译成汉语后却变成了肯定形式,而另一些肯定句型译成汉语后又 往往变成否定形式。在翻译过程中,这些否定句就象陷阱一样,稍有不慎,就会掉入其中。 因此翻译否定结构时,切不可望文生义,而必须细心揣摩,真正透彻理解其意义,然后根据 汉语的表达习惯进行翻译。只有正确地理解英语中的各种否定句型,才能使译文准确、恰当 地表达出原文的含义。 k* ayzg3F>
1 形式肯定但意义否定 morethan can… anythingbut… 1keH 1[
may (might)aswell… QBg~b{h
too…todo too…forn 7IrbwAGZ3
2 形式否定但意义肯定 qno8qF*
not…until(直到……才),not…too(越……越好),nonebut(只有),nothingbut(只有), nothingmorethan(仅仅),no sooner…than(刚一……就),hardly…when…(刚一……就),not only…butalso(不仅……而且),not…longbefore(很快就),nomorethan(仅仅,只是),no other than(只有,正是) gEVN;G'B<=
3 否定谓语转换为否定状语 英语原文否定谓语,翻译成汉语时,需要把否定转移到状语上。 Hedoesn’tstudy inthe classroom. 他不在教室里学习。 )575JY `6K
4 主句的否定转换为从句的否定 英语原文否定主句,而翻译成汉语的时候,需要把否定转移到从句上。这样 结构常常 G@YX8!wU
是not…because….,可以翻译为“并不是因为…才…”。 7QXA*.'
F
She did notcomebecauseshe wanted to seeme. 39xA h*}G]
~i)m(65:
1. Thecontemporaryphenomenonofcarworshipistobeexplainednotleastbythesenseof independence andfreedomthat ownership entails. 3ErW3Ac Ou
2. Childrenoftodaydonotautomaticallybecomemoresophisticatedbecausetheyhave access tomoreinformationthan children ofthepast. 'y(;:Kc
b51{sL
Ck71N3~W
第九节:倒装结构 [D8u.8q
1. Forexample,theydonotcompensateforgrosssocialinequality,andthisdonottellhow able an underprivileged youngstermighthave been hadhegrown up under morefavorable circumstances. ^hG
Y,\K9
2. Acultureinwhichthecitizenssharesimilarreligiousbeliefsandvaluesismorelikelyto havelawsthatrepresentthewishesofitspeoplethanisaculturewherecitizenscome fromdiversebackgrounds. aR3R,6ec
第十节:分裂结构 s:_M+_7_
1. Whilewarningsareoftenappropriateandnecessary----thedangersofdruginteractions, for example----and manyare required bystate or federalregulations,itisn’tclear thatthey actuallyprotectthemanufacturers andsellersfromliabilityifacustomer isinjured. mlIX>ss|7B
$$UMc-Pq
2. Odd thoughitsounds,cosmic inflation isascientificallyplausible consequence ofsome respected ideasinelementary-particlephysics,and manyastrophysicists havebeen convinced forthebetter partof adecadethat it istrue. +Dg%ec
(&n4^tJ+_