医学博士英语写作总结 `6!l!8
v
au5 74tj
一、原则与要求：不直译原文，抓主要论点，果断舍弃次要内容，突出新点，论点清晰,主要写中长句子！！2－5个长句！不写或少写短句！！一般真题范例在10－15句左右。 IQdiVj
_ C"W;n'
二、现场写作技巧 v%V$@MF
R3&W.?C
T
①划线，划出实质性，实词性句子。②翻译标题，有标题就译，没有标题不能加。③末尾重复标题，首尾呼应。 ?`,UW; Br6
L]k Sj$ A
精简医学考博写作常用核心词汇 %`HAg MgP
=4/lJm``
1.下降、减少 reduction，decrease，decline，diminution, drop，descend，go / come down，fall；上升、增加rise; go up; ascend；increase; O h~J yrZy
,S :LhgSP
2.禽流感 H1N1 flu bird flu/avian flu;食品安全 food safety; !i
CY! :
,#UaWq@7
3.公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies; 应急反应 immediate response to; <y \>[7Y
*x M4nUu<~
4.关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being; ,K6s'3O(LW
F%lP<4V x
5.城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system d "Hh9 O}6
%g
Jf&A
6.预防保健Disease Prevention and Health care，服务体系service system； Sh*LD
QL<?
Obrv5 %'
7.讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene；个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene
/'u-Fr(Q+
QK% { \qu
8.lite清淡的；protein-complemented diet蛋白添加饮食； N{tNe-5
8U*}D~%!
9.preventive initiatives=preventive measures预防的措施 5<
GC
7d]}BLpjWz
10.人畜共患病zoonosis＝anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病， PiM h]
0
s|dcO
11.虫媒insect pollination；虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease： ^9%G7J:vGO
p}.L ]Y
12.肾病综合征：nephrotic/renal syndrome； 0g
,;Yzm
']4b}F : }
13.epidemic hemorrhagic fever 流行性出血热； B< u6Z!Pp2
<La $'lG4J
14.爆发流行：break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of,explosion P
hs4]!
=J&vr
15.传染：infect/infection/infectious,communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable； OS;qb:;
S}f 3b N
communicable可传达的, 会传染的, 爱说话的[医] 有传染性的; 'G;y!<a
5R\{&
communicative a. 健谈的, 爱说话的, 交际的 0}C> e`<'
m-Q!V+XQp
16.传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind；person to person transmission 2#1"(m{
|T\`wcP`q
17.传播,散布：diffuse，prevalence，spread，transmit，disseminate，propagate/ propagation H X%l L }E
]r GZ
18.污染pollution/ pollute，contamination/contaminate >- J%=P
`2-6Qv
19.福祉 well-being, happiness； s.7\?(Lg
- < D7
20.衰老grow old；aging；consenescence；senility；senile P'%#B& LZo
6a6;]lsG
21.from bad to worse每况愈下；akin to=similar to 相似的；Purulent脓的,化脓的 4efIw<1_
;w>Dq em
22.脂肪肝fatty liver; 血压 hypertension 011 N
Q+@/.qJ
23.肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon；亚健康 sub-health zwJ
B.4@
:{sy2g/+
24.过劳死 karoshi; death from overwork RN:VsopL
_G3L+St
25.长期以来 for a long time ; over the years : &Sv jJR
5i71@?q;
26.养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health QguRU|y
@}9*rWJIE
27.分类 be divided into＝fall into three categories＝be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.＝be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds. p+x}$&<|
hc7"0mV d{
28.基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations； zXX =
WH
/Ne;Kdp
基本原则fundamental principle/ rule,basic rule or principle;
h k*@<ff
BjX*Gm6l
29.morals,morality,ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面，指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准，尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为，或用道德标准衡量某事，既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面，指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为，常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 r? 9D/|`
7QSr C/e
30.民众the (general) public，the masses of the people，the common people；合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; coagent; ( JMk0H3u
Cx~,wk;=
31.死亡人数death toll，deaths，the number of people killed in/dying from i tYTV?bd
$sILCn
The death toll is expected to rise. The death toll continues to rise. ol3].0Vc]
yC&u^{~BC
There have been more deaths from drowning. xaN[ru@
R6m6bsZ`
How much is the death toll? 死亡人数是多少？
K P@bz
R6cd;| fan
32.归结为 boil down to；come down to； ;9MIapfUd(
Vq&}i~
归因为/归功于 be attributable to、be attributed to、ascribe or attribute… to、owe…to; Cfr2 ~w
4s@oj
归咎于lay or put the blame on sb、blame…on、ascribe or attribute… to、impute… to。 2#81oz&K
`G'Z ,P-a
33.大规模on a large scale，extensive，large-scale，massive；大规模流行 large-scale transmission，become a pandemic，massive attack/outbreak OC6v%@xa
9Zj9 e
34.表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly; BMdcW
MYU\
w~AW(
VX
因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations; ?B3 2,AS@
xLShMv}
孤立现象an isolated phenomenon； Oa-(Xp,n#
] ? *'[
复杂的complicated，complex，sophisticated，intricate； G,X> f?
jPIOB EIG
极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy。 +.J/7 gD
o?|
]
ciY
35.低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances； kInU,/R*
=))VxuoN
养老保险 endowment insurance； -uei nd]
LV8{c!"
退休养老金retirement pension； z P8rW5/
pGcijD
Health Care Reform医疗改革 9jI5bi)
~m3Tq.sYrY
36.激烈运动strenuous exercise；vigorous activity； 4
3G2{
rqTsKrLe
37.月经期menstrual period .23Yqr'zT
n{"e8vQx
38.生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace 534DAhpD=.
b[^|.>b
39.婴幼儿保健the infant health care -Mzm~@_s]
AP9>_0=
40.安乐死euthanasia； \ZtF,`Z
xM_+vN *(
41.得绝症的terminally ill； #{g6'9PMz
E`#/m@:|-
42.临终关怀=Hospice Care=end-of-life care c JOT{
Q\ pI\]p:
濒临死亡的病人：dying patients，terminally ill patients，incurable patient FvVM}l'
)\+1*R|H}
43.Secondhand Smoking ，also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. jg3T1R
OL
n{=N f|=
LLPbZ9q
]5+<Rqdbg
