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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 E]J:~H'E r  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 Fhv2V,nZ<  
  1 、医生 Tzt,/e  
  ① doctor, medical worker WEa2E?*  
  ② physician 内科医生 3;7q`  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 lJzl6&  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 hKNY+S})g  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 ewuXpv%vwW  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 yoRU_%xA  
>t G+?Y'{  
  2 、医院 7l."b$U4yv  
  ① hospital ^ *&X~8@)  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 2$ !D* <  
  The general hospital 普通医院 )9B:wc"  
  The community hospital 社区医院 16X@^j_   
  The public hospital 公立医院 [pg}S#A  
  The private hospital 私立医院 mPPk )qy  
  ② clinc 门诊 joa5|t!D9  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 85|fyX  
  ③ ward 病房 s$DrR  
④ medical team 医疗队 fd8!KO  
|<`.fOxJP  
3、 医疗手段 _M,lQ~  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 C;Ic  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 /}5B&TZ=(3  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 ;`v% sx#  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis `nJu?5  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 6+dn*_[Z6  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | !EF(*~r!9L  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药  >0Ev#cX4  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 MR'o{?{e`  
(9)              TCM 中医 VY+>=!  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 N;HIsOT}t  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 p/|(,)'+jx  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 dc^Vc{26Z  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 PM~*|(fA  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 UR>_)*  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; (iDBhC;/B  
zW'/2W.  
  4 、医疗体制 mC(u2  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 nN{dORJlx  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 irFc}.dI  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 S|2VP8xY9  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 J%r7<y\  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 sC6r.@[u8t  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 r%!FmS<  
9H$g?';  
  5 、医德 oYq,u@oM  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 ??TdrTS  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 fu>Qi)@6a1  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 FuMq|S  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 ib Ue*Z["1  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 FH -p!4+]  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 jlRS:$|R0  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 )_pt*xo  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people n `#+L~ X  
W8uVd zQ   
  6 、病人  qnTi_c  
  (1 )patient j/`Up  
  (2 )the sick T:@7 S  
  (3 )the invalid ?k w/S4  
  (4) sufferer )ys=+Pz  
   (JvQ-H  
(二)疾病 9g+UJ\u^  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 !a)s`  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) Dwk$CJb3-  
  (2) contract (v ) o>$|SU!a  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 xtu]F  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 J(&Gmk9&  
G$S1#F -  
  2 、必知疾病名称 eTT^KqE>&  
  heart disease 心脏病 1uY3[Z9S  
  hypertension 高血压 `L+ ~&M  
  kidney problem 肾病 Skr iX\p  
  stroke 中风 d{iL?>'?^  
    shock 休克 QQSH +  
  the blood pressure 血压 dqL  -'  
  diabetes 糖尿病 T&mbXMN  
  obesity 肥胖 @\S]]oLn  
  terminal illness 绝症 HgS<Vxmq  
  incurable illness 不治之症 Gmqs`{tc  
  cancer 癌症 DXt]b,  
  tumor 肿瘤 5>N6VeM  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 kT>r<`rt  
  emergency case 急症 Y>(ZsHu  
  serious illness 重症 xcAF  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 Y1m}@k,+M  
  short breath 短气 0zlM .rjEZ  
  syndrome 综合症 T$#FAEz  
  complications 并发症 -B<O_*wOj  
  process 病程 _ .-o%6  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 )RpqZe/h4  
short-sighted (adj)近视 bnA T,v{  
i#CaKS  
  3、传染病 ._8xY$l$  
  (1) 感染源 L$oia)%t-  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 Gr`MGQ,  
  (2 )传染疾病 :;" aUHU'  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 a7XXhsZ  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 ws*~$x?7  
  infection contagion 传染病 |V5$'/Y  
  infectious diseases 传染病 Sb@{f<3E  
  AIDS 艾滋病 owfp^hla  
  SARS :t2 9`x  
  (3) 传染 #i`A4D  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 [u`17hyX  
  block the channel (v) Pg!;o= { M  
  disseminate 传播 x>1iIpBv^  
cross infection 交叉感染 M<SbVP|V "  
)OW(T^>_'I  
  5 、疾病、病痛 aTL8l.c2  
  illness Dz"u8 f  
  sickness 0)6i~MglY  
  disease yr/]x c$  
  ailment Y|GJp h  
suffering % K9; qJ5  
EPE!V>  
  6 、疾病的转归 .-O@UQx.I  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 okK/i  
  recover recovery &viwo}ls0  
  recuperate yL.PGF1(  
  resume ?d>P+).  
  recruit @dWS*@  
  reinstate (T%F!2i([U  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 cKi^C  
  deteriorate (.@p4q Q-  
  aggravate O$<%z[  
  exasperate 7 BnenHD  
  make worse $p}~,Kp/  
  worsen XL.CJ5y>  
   9A* ?E  
    7、其他相关词汇 Bah.\ZsYQP  
  outbreak and spending R[>;_}5">  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 8f{}ce'E*  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 v8U1uOR,%  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 j J`Zz  
  taboo 禁忌 ulPrb>i  
  speed up blood circulation (v) 4U! .UNi  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) }n2-*{)x  
  side effects 副反应 q563,s  
complain of 主述 K9I,Q$&xX  
^pQo`T6  
   OnPy8mC  
(三)药物 _/sf@R  
  1 、药物名称 [K)1!KK,L  
  medicine $*v20  
  drug ![P(B0Ct/  
  remedy |3<ehvKy  
  medicinal herbs Fzld0p9=  
  power <v7KE*#  
  tablet U3 8wGSG  
pill wx"6",M  
i[t=@^ |  
  2 、药物用法 MZP><Je&  
  开药 : SAll9W 4  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases 0h@%q;g  
  write out a proscription _ !^FW%  
  服药 6:EH5IO  
  take a medicine |nH 0~P#!  
  治…的疾病 WGG) mh&-  
a remedy for some diseases eRx[&-c  
+ $a:X  
3 、其他相关词汇 hv:Z%D |S  
  drug therapy 药物治疗  ISnS;  
  side effects 副反应 (&]15 FJ$1  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 ?jn6Op  
  drugstore 药房 np\Q&  
  over the counter 非处方药 e "adkV  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 y0&HXX#\  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 >scS wT  
  prescription 处方 'TN{8~Gt*  
  expenses for medicine 药费 0^lL,rC   
  charges for medicine -0r "#48(%  
drug rebate 药品回扣 =+-.5M  
WfbNar[  
   vzm4  
(四)心理疾病 2V"gqJHv  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 FHcqu_;J  
  subhealth 亚健康 ;Kq?*H  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 [<fLPa  
  psychological problem 心理问题 pVa|o&,  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 WAa1H60VkS  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 R"t$N@ZFb  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 e&4wwP"`<  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 q4ko }jn  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 3L]^x9Cu)  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 WI!z92qq[  
psychological expert 心理专家 (dip Ks?K  
V1>94/waa  
  2 、情绪词汇 o4f9EJY   
  overcome ; <@O^_+  
  disappoint *B<I><'G  
  disappointed hPpXB:(-0  
  shy , HPdwx V  
  flush '^(v8lCu  
  frustration  wP1VQUL  
  failure ?N*@o.  
  willpower <\~#\A=;  
  optimism *AQbXw]w  
  optimistic HbSx}bM_9  
  be sensitive to Z_~DTO2Qg  
  nervous gj;G:;1m  
  tensional 3i}B\ {  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic k$_]b0D{4  
  confident confidence q.F1Jj  
  stress pressure <!(n5y_  
  depress depressed -XG$ 0  
  depression depressive XJ?z{gXJ  
   ^!Jm/-  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 qM !q,Q  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary M':.b+xN  
   g|_*(=Q  
(五)肥胖与营养 "Oko|3  
  1 、营养物质 ahv=HWX k  
  nutrient 营养素 k ,(:[3J  
  protein 蛋白质 'Jr*oru  
  fat 脂肪 Y,\mrW}K   
  glucose 葡萄糖 n7uD(cL  
  vitamin 维生素 bC-x`a@  
  sugar 糖类 FCJ(D!  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 D9C; JD  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 FQ)Ekss~C  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 e'&{KD,-T  
cholesterol胆固醇 h!~yYNQ"  
9Wrcl ai  
  2 、营养与饮食 e90z(EF?0  
  a well-balanced diet qJj5J;k  
  nutrition 营养 a<.@+sj{  
  nutritional 营养的 0eP~F2<bC  
e)"cm;BJ^P  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 Bx >@HU  
=^vUb  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall )&-E@% \  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase T]2q >N  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; +8I0.,'  
4.       食品安全 food safety xRN$cZC  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies PX)qA =4q  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to j"s(?  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU .`XA6e(8KR  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system {*9i}w|2  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care UUq9UV-h  
10.   服务体系service system A D(|$6J 0  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene WcFZRy-erc  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. 0=&]!WRT  
13.   清淡的lite H1M>60*  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet -bF+uCfba  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN + aF jtb  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 Y~!@  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; LlJvuQ 28  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease ?dYDfyFfB  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; ]\lw^.%  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion L6.R?4B   
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" j;.&+.  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission 3Y8 V?* 1|  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D /'&L M\  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate [>86i  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness RP9||PFS~~  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s @ 2 _&ti  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse y6oDbwke  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to yrX]w3kr%  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – \!3='~2:=o  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver &AVi4zV  
31.   血压 hypertension 0% /M& N  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon KVCS(oN  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 5cU8GgN`  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ ;Mz]uk  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 *QX$Mo^E  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health XN@5TZoaW  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds vh C"f*  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations R)=<q]Ms  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle K5$ y  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 q3:tZoeXV  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people a/ZfPl0Ns[  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent RUEU n  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from fCKcv |  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to A{QS+fa/  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to gS%J`X$  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to waC%o%fD  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive w%ForDB>P  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak ]WG\+1x9  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly h5JXKR.1]c  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations #L"h >,b  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon Ii)TCSt9U?  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate 8P .! q  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy .f}I$ "2  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances (8I0%n}.Zo  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance 2eNm2;  
56.   退休养老金retirement n pO^ 6p%  
57.   医疗改革health care reform by {~gu  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity Q~9:}_@  
59.   月经期menstrual period S mp#5V c  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace 9u9#&xx  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care u*M*Wp Y  
62.   安乐死euthanasia Gqs8$[o  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill Z'EZPuZ!'  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! /ZczfM\  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient 3Ry?{m^  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. |$D^LY  
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