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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 |Sv#f2`  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 >Wit"p  
  1 、医生 ;q&D,4r]  
  ① doctor, medical worker <d&)|W  
  ② physician 内科医生 *^+xcG  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 RrpF i'R  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 z slEUTj)  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 N b[o6AX  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 !K~$ -jlT  
w:zC/5x`  
  2 、医院 UYrzsUjg&  
  ① hospital ViT 5Jn7  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 Bg0cC  
  The general hospital 普通医院 _O,ZeES  
  The community hospital 社区医院 y/6LMAI  
  The public hospital 公立医院 A y[L{!)2{  
  The private hospital 私立医院 be%*0lr  
  ② clinc 门诊 Rs[]i;  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 *9(1:N;#  
  ③ ward 病房 {1DYXKe  
④ medical team 医疗队 pDq_nx9  
`#8R+c=$  
3、 医疗手段 M #&L@fg!  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 Y mjS!H  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 R0<Vd"  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 (+ anTA=  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis !QS<;)N@  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 jUSr t)o03  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | =T}uQ$X  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 xumv I{  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 4yv31QG$  
(9)              TCM 中医 JW'acD  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 S Tk#hhx  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 n`Iy7X  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 E}&jtMRUt  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 !r0P\  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 Qo *]l_UO;  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; JhIK$Ti  
)1 j2  
  4 、医疗体制 [`\Qte%UH  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 {o%R~{6  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 Y g?{x@  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 ~U+'3.Wo  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 :q1r2&ne  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 /z:K#  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 %WN2 xCSf  
 |?A-?-  
  5 、医德 .9Fm>e+!C  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 -#x\E%v.F  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 5-^twXC&  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 q /?_djv  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 OhEL9"\<  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 K^ \9R  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 (mlc' ]F  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 HXI}f\6x  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people IhLfuyFWu  
n]Y _C^  
  6 、病人 kM`#U *j  
  (1 )patient ` l"~"x^Rr  
  (2 )the sick gBu4`M  
  (3 )the invalid VIzZmd  
  (4) sufferer rI/KrBM  
   Xk'.t|  
(二)疾病 n4johV.#  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 "#jKk6{I0  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) ez{&Y>n  
  (2) contract (v ) _8 J (;7  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 cqudF=q  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 S# #W_OlrI  
jQ*Qh  
  2 、必知疾病名称 t ,$)PV  
  heart disease 心脏病 4a-wGx#h  
  hypertension 高血压 M .,|cx  
  kidney problem 肾病 FhGbQJ?[3  
  stroke 中风 2lRZ/xaF%P  
    shock 休克 JK4  @  
  the blood pressure 血压 u2QJDLMJv  
  diabetes 糖尿病 Lrq&k40y  
  obesity 肥胖 o;fQ,r P%  
  terminal illness 绝症 /l L*U  
  incurable illness 不治之症 \#slZ;&s  
  cancer 癌症 JFfx9%Fq  
  tumor 肿瘤 dImm},  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 A@UnrbX:  
  emergency case 急症 a'BBp6  
  serious illness 重症 6%TV X  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 ^s5)FdF8  
  short breath 短气 _N6GV$Q  
  syndrome 综合症 TUG3#PSnm*  
  complications 并发症 Wxjpe4  
  process 病程 A!c.P2  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 7DD ot_qb  
short-sighted (adj)近视 #]rw@c  
FwyPmtBj  
  3、传染病 VrpY BU  
  (1) 感染源 xfb%bkr  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 79\ =)m}$Q  
  (2 )传染疾病 Rzp-Q5@M Y  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 pxgv(:Tw  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 /Mv'fich(  
  infection contagion 传染病 .$Y[>9  
  infectious diseases 传染病 46b.= }  
  AIDS 艾滋病 Y#\e ~>K  
  SARS dpy,;nqzeN  
  (3) 传染 7{6wNc  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 N3,EF1%  
  block the channel (v) aD.A +es  
  disseminate 传播 ak%8|'}  
cross infection 交叉感染 K~uoZ~_gA  
Rc u/ @j{O  
  5 、疾病、病痛 xMe[/7)4  
  illness g%K3ah v  
  sickness ;(z0r_p<q  
  disease "F=O   
  ailment 'E9\V\bi  
suffering ss*dM.b  
T3\Q<  
  6 、疾病的转归 X4jtti  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 K1Uur>Pk%  
  recover recovery J 9z\ qTI  
  recuperate WO|#`HM2  
  resume JD.WH|sZ5  
  recruit Uc.K6%iI  
  reinstate ]2?t $"G8  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 YI|7a#*F  
  deteriorate tv5SQ+AI3  
  aggravate 90;[5c   
  exasperate WUKYwA/t  
  make worse TeQpmhN  
  worsen m+zzhv1  
   /.P*%'g  
    7、其他相关词汇 Po% V%~  
  outbreak and spending WJ8i, 7  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 ;8H m#p7,  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 P/4]x@{ih  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 4;x{@Ln  
  taboo 禁忌 >Is Rd  
  speed up blood circulation (v) 1Jt5|'tl  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) J&wrBVv1uk  
  side effects 副反应 Z%k)'%_   
complain of 主述 '`I&g8I\  
eVS6#R]'m  
   voEg[Gg4%I  
(三)药物 xM 'bb5  
  1 、药物名称 K} LmU{/t/  
  medicine g?qm >X  
  drug nD6NLV%2x  
  remedy S{&,I2 aO  
  medicinal herbs nDhr;/"i  
  power qS:hv&~  
  tablet  8c3Qd  
pill [> Q+=(l  
x\T 9V~8a  
  2 、药物用法 OrNi<TY>  
  开药 : 7. `Fe g.  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases TCWy^8LA  
  write out a proscription `fYICp  
  服药 &NM.}f  
  take a medicine L|A}A[P  
  治…的疾病 V(u#8M  
a remedy for some diseases +uZ,}J  
}86&? 0j.  
3 、其他相关词汇 bis}zv^%v  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 v,Eqn8/O  
  side effects 副反应 B)>r~v]  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 RvrZ tg5  
  drugstore 药房 B8_ )I.  
  over the counter 非处方药 Vz_ac vfk^  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 nK[T.? Nz  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 >v--R8I*  
  prescription 处方 =Y!x  
  expenses for medicine 药费 PW7{,1te,  
  charges for medicine {<$ D|<S  
drug rebate 药品回扣 NEp )V'  
0oR'"Vo  
   / ,Unp1D  
(四)心理疾病 B"KDr_,,  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 t 3 LRmjL  
  subhealth 亚健康 F s+ CY  
  psychological benefits 心理健康  xwvg @  
  psychological problem 心理问题 8d4:8}  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 -o: if F|  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 "^gV.  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 $+'bRUo  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 ={'*C7K)oK  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 R k'5L  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 8n V#\J9  
psychological expert 心理专家 Xgb ~ED]  
g<b (q|  
  2 、情绪词汇 %5[,U)X"  
  overcome S<Rl?El<=  
  disappoint rHSA5.[1P  
  disappointed ;pH&YBY  
  shy , &Y `V A  
  flush n7EG%q6m+  
  frustration . W7Z pV  
  failure ng0tNifZ;  
  willpower An.Qi=Cv  
  optimism (Ci{fY6`  
  optimistic pwIu;:O!?  
  be sensitive to A vh"(j  
  nervous Tr\6 AN?o  
  tensional V eD<1<  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic :Qc[>:N  
  confident confidence *m>XtBw.  
  stress pressure dRhsnT+KX  
  depress depressed H Z)an  
  depression depressive U@'F9UB`  
   Le?yz f  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 s.uw,x  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary L/+KY_b:*  
   q8=hUD%5C  
(五)肥胖与营养 s/+k[9l2  
  1 、营养物质 E0lro+'lS  
  nutrient 营养素  f3E%0cg  
  protein 蛋白质 kv8 /UW  
  fat 脂肪 :~PzTUz  
  glucose 葡萄糖 wOg?.6<Kxa  
  vitamin 维生素 <\6<-x(H5  
  sugar 糖类 +\D?H.P  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 WU:r:m+ >  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 Vmb `%k20'  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 wF\5 X  
cholesterol胆固醇  ohW qp2~  
 9{(A-  
  2 、营养与饮食 %J b/HWC[  
  a well-balanced diet U%qE=u-  
  nutrition 营养 i| /EA7  
  nutritional 营养的 W&'[Xj  
MmL)CT  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 &}."sGK  
PSR21;  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall 6 h%%?  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase VKtZyhK"h  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu;  ]$=\zL  
4.       食品安全 food safety mAZfo53  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies *? <ygzX  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to x<lY&KQ0  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU ,+mH1#-3  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system kbcqUE  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care NJqjW  
10.   服务体系service system A BnwYyh  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene ^v+3qm@,  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. 4eh~/o&h  
13.   清淡的lite :IB@@5r1  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet qwd7vYBc,  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN Fr{}~fRW<  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 {<J(*K*\Jo  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; uNoP8U%*  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease A-GU:B  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; $(A LxC  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion QH]G>+LI5  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" K'tckJ #%  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission 3~5 %6`  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D |OarE2  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate 7sglqf>  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness +`_Km5=  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s FcI ZG _  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse E2%{?o  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to u ^}R]:n  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – c'Mi9,q  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver hxX-iQya  
31.   血压 hypertension ;:l>Kac  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon WPXLN'w+  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 )Co&(;zf  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ \-eDNwJ:#@  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 !%,k]m'  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health V ' e _gH  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds n+qa/<  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations *\4u:1Cu  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle U?W?VEOO!7  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 9 U!-Zn!  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people +GDT@,/  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent blHJhB&8  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from ZlEH3-Zv  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to lemE/(`a_  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to `Ir{ax&H.e  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to KB6'sj  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive a-(OAzQ_  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak T#:n7$M|?A  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly .e|VW)  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations rM5{R}+;  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon %V2A}78  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate B4d\4S_r%  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy fH6mv0  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances s+RSAyU  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance }US^GEs(  
56.   退休养老金retirement n KM o]J1o  
57.   医疗改革health care reform i<u g("/  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity 1NI%J B  
59.   月经期menstrual period S y^xEZD1X6-  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace "S ~(|G  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care K[/sVaPZ  
62.   安乐死euthanasia :K]&rGi,  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill zFpM\{`[g  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! N# ?}r>W3  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient =k +nC)e  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. 2$OI(7b=  
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