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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 b $yIM   
(一)医疗、医院、医生 `S0`3q}L3%  
  1 、医生 TW!OE"B  
  ① doctor, medical worker qYJ<I'Ux O  
  ② physician 内科医生 ; 0Q" [[J  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 qS9<_if2  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 ~M8|r!_  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 '%wSs,HD  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 rZ|p{ym  
c BZ,"kp-  
  2 、医院 Ar[|M 2|  
  ① hospital 3UaW+@  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 {kw% 7}!  
  The general hospital 普通医院 _cE_\Ay  
  The community hospital 社区医院 jU~ x^Y  
  The public hospital 公立医院 rhcax%Cd  
  The private hospital 私立医院 ^3BPOK[*gB  
  ② clinc 门诊 4>i\r  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 HE-5e): k  
  ③ ward 病房 kl]MP}wc  
④ medical team 医疗队 |T@SlNi]  
9?MzIt  
3、 医疗手段 eG1V:%3  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 >5#}/G&  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗  $8rnf  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 ^)?Wm,{"w  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis S4`X^a}pY  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 SMD*9&,  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | 'E9{qPLk(  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 P O 5Wi  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 \? )S {  
(9)              TCM 中医 D<d, 9S,)  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 Y&j`HO8f  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 " Q?~LB  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 )f|`mM4DW!  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 ioD8-  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 #i@f%Bq-  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; k:Y\i]#yP  
fMg9h9U  
  4 、医疗体制 +4_,, I  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 zP%s]>hH  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 \hgd&H0UU  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 = yZq]g6Q  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 w Dh]vH[  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 3 R+e  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 &>,]YrU  
?-<lIF Fh  
  5 、医德 jeWv~JA%L|  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 K< *6E@+i  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 xyL)'C  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 XQ}J4J~Vm  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 \)N o?fB  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 XqmB%g(  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 ~^' ,4<K-}  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 YUEyGhkMV{  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people x^[,0?y2  
NS z }  
  6 、病人 \uOM,98xS  
  (1 )patient RH;ulAD6(~  
  (2 )the sick y(Gn+  
  (3 )the invalid r)5xS]  
  (4) sufferer ?Tc#[B  
   !{.CGpS ]  
(二)疾病 60!%^ O =  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 "TJu<O"2  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) N x&/p$d  
  (2) contract (v ) ^f! M"@  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 r&E  gP  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 w. k9{f  
nv:Qd\UM  
  2 、必知疾病名称 l e'RU1k  
  heart disease 心脏病 =o##z5j K  
  hypertension 高血压 5j`xSG  
  kidney problem 肾病 g{yw&q[B=  
  stroke 中风 }i~k:k mV  
    shock 休克 Dds-;9  
  the blood pressure 血压 ur}'Y^0iR  
  diabetes 糖尿病 5I2,za&e  
  obesity 肥胖 oFU:]+.+D  
  terminal illness 绝症 z^QrIl/<c2  
  incurable illness 不治之症 L\2"1%8Wj  
  cancer 癌症 f(|k0$EIu  
  tumor 肿瘤  `M I;.t  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 !XtG6ON=  
  emergency case 急症  :RnUNz  
  serious illness 重症 cz9J&Le>  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 o`S``?`^)^  
  short breath 短气 f]/2uUsg %  
  syndrome 综合症 x fb .Z(  
  complications 并发症 x []ad"R  
  process 病程 |c/=9Bb  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 U*C^g}iA  
short-sighted (adj)近视 zIrOMh  
WA (x]""  
  3、传染病 Lm4`O %  
  (1) 感染源 01?+j%k=m/  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 Gm B&TD m  
  (2 )传染疾病 O{l4 f:51  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 x:FZEyalG  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 ^`kwSC  
  infection contagion 传染病  V;%ug'j  
  infectious diseases 传染病 JUr t %2  
  AIDS 艾滋病 qYA~Os1e  
  SARS !.6n=r8 d  
  (3) 传染 |cU75 S1  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 <Z%=lwtX  
  block the channel (v) ov_l)vt  
  disseminate 传播 JVIFpN"`  
cross infection 交叉感染 G(7%*@SX  
3mHzOs\jU  
  5 、疾病、病痛 lI? P_2AaS  
  illness relt7sK  
  sickness v[Q)L! J1  
  disease QCb D^  
  ailment to?!qxn  
suffering mXz*Gi  
u#Ig!7iUu  
  6 、疾病的转归 I> ;{BYPV  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 <Mbh BIejr  
  recover recovery {32 m&a  
  recuperate 1d< b\P0  
  resume Z<;W*6J  
  recruit PuJ3#H T  
  reinstate a^%)6E.[,  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 LFax$CZc  
  deteriorate 5mZ2CDV  
  aggravate Vkg0C*L_  
  exasperate MDF_Xr-hZ  
  make worse }&vD(hX  
  worsen *\XOQWrF  
   E<jajYj  
    7、其他相关词汇 GNJ /|9  
  outbreak and spending xqX3uq  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 'V?FeWp  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 -~]H5er`  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 \#,2#BmO"E  
  taboo 禁忌 9E  ^!i  
  speed up blood circulation (v) =6~  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) ;<M}ZL@m  
  side effects 副反应 DO(};R%=  
complain of 主述 q KD  
_3aE]\O[  
   `$/a-K}  
(三)药物 RxqNgun@  
  1 、药物名称 ;0Z-  
  medicine 7*P BJt\  
  drug )9nW`d+  
  remedy kU/MvoV  
  medicinal herbs KyNu8s k  
  power + Tp% *  
  tablet 5.\p]>|G1  
pill fM ID}S  
A M[f  
  2 、药物用法 3JGrJ!x  
  开药 : m FTuqujO  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases 59zWB,y(P  
  write out a proscription uLzE'Z mV  
  服药 TnN yth wZ  
  take a medicine th73eC'  
  治…的疾病 y7>3hfn~w  
a remedy for some diseases \(pwHNSafk  
K@7%i|H  
3 、其他相关词汇 B2kZ_4rB  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 t}k:wzZ@  
  side effects 副反应 )G)6D"5,+G  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 .6`r`|=  
  drugstore 药房  <OEIG 0  
  over the counter 非处方药 =x -7 Wy  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 xmnBG4,f  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 Zy+ERaF|]  
  prescription 处方 8vuTF*{yZ  
  expenses for medicine 药费 hM]Z T5;<  
  charges for medicine A{s -g>s  
drug rebate 药品回扣 MJiVFfYW  
=W7-;&  
   n,FyK`x  
(四)心理疾病 dI\_I]  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 8p 4[:M@  
  subhealth 亚健康 %JBLp xnq  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 T^;b98*  
  psychological problem 心理问题 _]5UuIMl  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 ; +\h$  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 KS8@A/f  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 )tBz=hy#  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 .hH_1Mo8  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 iYBc4'X  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 )yyH_Ax2  
psychological expert 心理专家 ZY,$oFdsi  
u)Kiwa  
  2 、情绪词汇 iN8[^,2H|  
  overcome f5F-h0HF`[  
  disappoint R=.?el  
  disappointed *=oO3c0|b,  
  shy , %P~;>4i,  
  flush JYWoQ[ZO#>  
  frustration =iB[sLEJ  
  failure o*A, 6y  
  willpower 0&)6mO  
  optimism ;- "!p  
  optimistic DX!dU'tj  
  be sensitive to w-JWMg Y8w  
  nervous Ba?1q%eG  
  tensional pNd`fV#jX  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic aPlEM_escS  
  confident confidence mC@v,"  
  stress pressure g"" 1\rc=  
  depress depressed \},H\kK+^  
  depression depressive 5ph CEKt;  
   w tGS"L  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 fsPsP`|  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary +x{o  
   H.|I|XRG/  
(五)肥胖与营养 !S&/Zp  
  1 、营养物质 { Zv%DV4_$  
  nutrient 营养素 q !9;JrX  
  protein 蛋白质 kjPf%*3  
  fat 脂肪 rb@[ Edj  
  glucose 葡萄糖 >Z*b0j  
  vitamin 维生素 [xY-=-T*4  
  sugar 糖类 93D}0kp  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 DqY"N ]  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 B&B4 P  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料  .?CaU  
cholesterol胆固醇 HaL'/V~  
v&G9HiH  
  2 、营养与饮食 JE{ cZ<NNH  
  a well-balanced diet +JG05h%'  
  nutrition 营养 $-]G6r  
  nutritional 营养的 ~ M* UMF^  
,F->*=  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 ?glx8@  
!Z >,dN  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall &k|EG![  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase p q?# X0  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; $X:,Q,?  
4.       食品安全 food safety @I1*b>X~<  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies e`][zx  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to Yur}<>`(  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU g qORE/[  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system o$->| k  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care .e5@9G.jb  
10.   服务体系service system A "i&n;8?Y  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene :T PG~`k(  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i.  w<!&%  
13.   清淡的lite ZTqt4H  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet jX'pUO  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN k}kwr[  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 $=>:pQbBVX  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; 0Z((cI\J  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease HW_2!t_R  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; \QSD*  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion 7 v3%dCvf  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" z,C>Rh9Id  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission { ~{D(k  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D nWYfe-zQxg  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate nf _(_O=  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness t':*~b{V@7  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s gQ '=mU  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse +&X>ul  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to |M<R{Tt}nf  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – zhRF>Y`  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver ;F,6]LH!  
31.   血压 hypertension _fj@40i M  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon JZyEyN  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 rY6bc\?`x  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ J{EK}'  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 '+^XL 6$L  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health n n8N 9w  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds 'HvW&~i(  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations ocp3JR_0  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle M@.?l=1X  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 5= MM^$QG  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people aJNsJIY+  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent p_3VFKq>0  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from c$hoqi |tD  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to x4_FG{AIu  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to Ce3  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to q p1rP#  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive <8Q?kj  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak Q F_K^(  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly g5&,l  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations f9E.X\"  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon Cd'SPaR  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate j\@| oW0  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy 0 .t1p(x;  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances PmE2T\{s!  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance VrRBwvp-K  
56.   退休养老金retirement n F a'2i<  
57.   医疗改革health care reform <~qhy{hRn  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity {?'c|\n Li  
59.   月经期menstrual period S lhV'Q]s@6  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace .hXdXY  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care ODqWXw#  
62.   安乐死euthanasia _\xd]~ELj  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill '| |),>~  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! ep"54o5=d  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient .!J,9PE  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. *[_>d.i  
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