考博英语语法重点总结 ?9xaBWf
独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 aKXaor@0f.
独立主格特征 ..6 : _{wg
1. 充当句子的状语。 .|
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2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 L&M6s
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3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 Ab`mID:
4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） gXN#<g,:^
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. Z_Jprp{3h
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. im {'PgiR
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). z1[2.&9D-
真题剖析 EM]~yn!+
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. Kk+IUs
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because \ ~!9T5/*
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. maQE Bi,
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be ''Fy]CwH(
虚拟语气 b);Pw"_ 2
虚拟语气（2） n B 4)%
1. （should）+动词原形 hFl$ u8KV
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 su6x
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It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 wjh[}rTV*
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 EeGP E
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 "+3p??h%Rq
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 oT2h'gu")
would rather +动词过去式 dA >=# /"
真题剖析 hZ2!UW4'
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … e^kccz2f
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t #g[jwl'
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. ~$XbY R-
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded MMCac6;Aea
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. y oa"21E$
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take #mg6F$E
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. lJ.:5$2H
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) k bzzage6L
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should K +n
非谓语动词 gTWl];xja
动名词、分词、不定式。 [
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主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) }~pT
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发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) 1gk{|keh
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 K{)N:|y%!$
真题剖析 5&a4c"fU
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. S@i* +&Ot
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops ol]"r5#Q_H
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. ufF$7@(+
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative X,VOKj.%
主谓一致 gyi<ot;
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 LWgYGXWT"
How you got there doesn’t concern me. ,Er JUv
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. S1 oRMd)r
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 =^ur@E
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. k( l
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 [1{#a {4
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 p6~\U5rXm
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). W,&z:z>
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 A0{ !m
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. 0}:- t^P
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) 1 .\|,$
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） V,t&jgG*
He no less than John is interested in literature. I*c B
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7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) cHN
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Either my father or my brothers are coming. lGHU{7j\
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 Br w-"tmx
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. xXG-yh
真题剖析 U$CAA5HV]
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. AITV+=sN
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some AIZs^
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倒装 cp@(y$
全部倒装 paFiu Q
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” ,_HSvs7-
There stand big buildings in this district. r9!jIkILz
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. uJ:'<dJ
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) *n9t~t6GHg
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. pfd||Z
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 .hI3Uv8[
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. {&tbp
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4. 表语位于句首 ;3ZHm*xJx
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. zY?G O"U"
Not far from here is a famous university. E]z Td$v6
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 n _G< /8
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. _`6fGu& W
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother.
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6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） "Mt4~vy
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. U@ #YK v
部分倒装 l=(4o4um
1. 疑问句 B8 Ob~?
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） K-D{Z7J^l
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. sW/^8 2(dM
3. “only+状语”位于句首 u\~dsD2)q
Only when he comes back can be leave. 5DgfrX
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 dB{o-R
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. 3GEI) !
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) LKtug>Me
By no means should you break the rules. u,<#z0R|;$
At no time should we give in to difficulties. WfbG } %&J
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) }6#lE,
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7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” >T*/[{L8;
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. Q;p?.GI?-
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house. D
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