考博英语语法重点总结 <2Y0{
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独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 L0Vgo
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独立主格特征 ayp b
1. 充当句子的状语。 V:
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2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 tR`S#rk
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 ol!86rky
4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） ,j;PRJ
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. * Uc jQ
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. \tt'm\_
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). M$#sc`4*
真题剖析 W04av_u 5
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. T`L }[?w
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because XDmbm*~i
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. 0%Q9}l#7
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be nsJ :Osq|
虚拟语气 s"mFt {Y
虚拟语气（2） X\2_; zwf
1. （should）+动词原形 q(9%^cV6
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 F?*k}]Gi
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 N=fz/CD)I
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 8]*Q79
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 Z.jCera.
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 WM< \e
would rather +动词过去式 H`|0-`q
真题剖析 `7B14:\A
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … _Xh=&(/8 @
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t Y^eX@dE FR
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. p$OD*f_b
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded 0VG= ?dq
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. MSB%{
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15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take pI^=B- 7
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. Yk7"XP[Y
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) `QLowna
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should iPFL"v<#J
非谓语动词 NKh,z&
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动名词、分词、不定式。
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主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) Oy '0I,
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) $~ o3}&az
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 f(.6 |mPp
真题剖析 /$*; >4=>f
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. a@k.$
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops P%jkKE?B4
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. vK'9{q|g
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative wy\o*P9mG)
主谓一致 Sgx+V"bkT
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 ,*w> z
How you got there doesn’t concern me. y3
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Growing vegetables needs constant watering. 5Q ;dnC
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 -g$O OJB6
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. XWf7"]%SX
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 *|CLO|B)
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 >+f'!*%7He
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). nYgx9Q"<om
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 FBb m4NB
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. \|Y{jG<cu
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) R>` ih&,)
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） IwnYJp:9v
He no less than John is interested in literature. y!BB7cK6
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) -
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Either my father or my brothers are coming. kU>#1 He
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 W|~q<},j
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. *SXSF95
真题剖析 EqYz,%I%
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. d7\k gh
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some 1.uU MW
倒装 +i2YX7Of
全部倒装 -.^= Z!=M
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” u;QH8 LK
There stand big buildings in this district. $)4 GCP
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. '[ @F%
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) 6MrZ6dz^
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. ZKZl>dDuh
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 ^7J~W'hI
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. c&0;wgieg
4. 表语位于句首 EaJDz`T}
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. M
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Not far from here is a famous university. BYkVg2D(
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 ^mS.HT=X
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. 0EcC
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. EY,;e\7O,
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） NKupOJJq
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. `%KpTh
部分倒装 Mb2:'u [
1. 疑问句 l{M;PaJ`}
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） u^j8
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Never did John speak rudely to his parents. H ={O13
3. “only+状语”位于句首 {QIS411
Only when he comes back can be leave. wrZ7Sr!/V
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 5b u[}mJ
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. vB&F_"/X2
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) ]
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By no means should you break the rules. ^KaqvG$ed
At no time should we give in to difficulties. 1 2%z3/i
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) jsZiARTZRl
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” l(3'Re
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. v^ y }lT
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house. y^E F<<\
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