考博英语语法重点总结 A45! hhf
独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 ]I\9S{?
独立主格特征 O=oIk vg
1. 充当句子的状语。 `eeA,K_
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 a\}`
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3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 KxDp+]N]
4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） ?C']R(fQ\
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. D 4sp+
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. ^U##9KkP
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). hii#kB2
真题剖析 M 0$E _*
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. H4 $f+
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because FIUQQQ\3
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. x"r,l/gzy
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be 4W}mPeEeV
虚拟语气 h/6^>setz
虚拟语气（2） LqNyi
1. （should）+动词原形 v]Aop<KLX
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 }F"98s W
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 nLCaik_,m
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 _07$TC1
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 }kP<zvAaw
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 x
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would rather +动词过去式 SPXv i0Jg
真题剖析 fI1
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(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … 0 a
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47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t uB#U(
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(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. }r@yBUW
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded
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练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. -*i_8`
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take >o O]S]W
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. 5-y*]:g(
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) U^7b j
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should VBw 5[
非谓语动词 j/fniyJ)
动名词、分词、不定式。 RV);^, b
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) C*3St`2@9
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) P/.<s r=2
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。
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真题剖析 b9m`y*My
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. 'Grii ,
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops =y _KL
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. JJ%@m; ~
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative u!5q)>Wt(
主谓一致 M\a{2f7'n
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 CuvY^["
How you got there doesn’t concern me. q,O_y<uw
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. _:=\h5}8
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 `bfUP s
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. !p!Qg1O6o
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 $rmxwxz&W:
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 ]v
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Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). "aF2:E'
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 IDT \hTPIs
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. RQ =$,
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If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) F: T(-,
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） bE.<v
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He no less than John is interested in literature. S' ,h*e
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) ?D _4KFr
Either my father or my brothers are coming. XYuX+&XW/
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 &uRT/+18W3
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. 5?SE?VC=t
真题剖析 -Ys e^(^"s
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. Q 4-d|
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some jn|NrvrX
倒装 ejZ-A?f-K
全部倒装 PL&> p M
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” 3-hcKE
There stand big buildings in this district. x )dLY .'|
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. JseKqJ
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2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) )jgz(\ KZ
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. |Jd8ul:&e
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 ,\"x#Cc f
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. ^UKY1Q .
4. 表语位于句首 v\6.#>NQ
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. ^-PYP:*
Not far from here is a famous university. U.SC,;N^
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 ty['yV-;a
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. G `%r nu
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. J[?oV;O
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） -{OJ M|W+
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. HLDv{G'7
部分倒装 >g!$H}\
1. 疑问句 paV1o>_Rd
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） .jP|b~
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. 81|[Y'f
3. “only+状语”位于句首 8v4krz<Iq
Only when he comes back can be leave. :^?-bppYW
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 \ky oA
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No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. ck
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5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) Xmmj.ZUr
By no means should you break the rules. aj1 g9 y
At no time should we give in to difficulties. 6rE8P#
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) m\&99-j:@b
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” RRy D<7s1
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. J( ]b1e
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house. au=@]n#<(
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