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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 2/RK pl &  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 \K9XG/XIx  
  1 、医生 E,JDO d}  
  ① doctor, medical worker 4NUCLr7Y  
  ② physician 内科医生 9-eYCg7C|  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 G5egyP;  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 X0^gj>GI|  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 FjRJSMwO,  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 8Y3c,p/gS>  
`0 uKJF g  
  2 、医院 H@bra~k-  
  ① hospital + _rjA_  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 @xH|(  
  The general hospital 普通医院 E `Ualai  
  The community hospital 社区医院 \O /" F;  
  The public hospital 公立医院 .FK[Y? ci#  
  The private hospital 私立医院 A3*ti!X<6  
  ② clinc 门诊 f)H6 n l7r  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 ( t#w@<  
  ③ ward 病房 oF, XSd  
④ medical team 医疗队 p18-yt; 1  
OYzt>hdH  
3、 医疗手段 QG?7L_I  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 7s; <5xc  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 fO[X<|9  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 bYQ h{q  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis *yKsgH  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 0 lXV+lj  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | k(C?6Gfj  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 E:V&:9aQ@  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 EJjTf:  
(9)              TCM 中医 =rl/ l8|P  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 }oYR.UH  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 9Re605x Q6  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 J_}&Btb)e  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 kuu9'Sqc'b  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 (9';zw   
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; %56pP"w  
8R`@edj>  
  4 、医疗体制 0 !9vGs  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 &FHE(7}/#  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 <]/`#Xgh  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 ItDe_|!L  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 #j d?ocoY  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 ZB:Fjq  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 j$T2ff6  
WEqHL,Uh]  
  5 、医德 >r{3t{  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 W2|*:<Jt  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 [4 g5 {eX  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 *0i   
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 DG8$zl5  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 bVtboHlY  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 C+ P}R]cT"  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 0vS%m/Zi-  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people Mki(,Y|1~  
KK(x)(  
  6 、病人 zVxiCyU  
  (1 )patient tFwQ /  
  (2 )the sick 1)#<nk)I  
  (3 )the invalid g]$>G0E`oD  
  (4) sufferer lADi  
   >gFF>L>  
(二)疾病 T fzad2}^  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 g.DgJX&i  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) 7*'_&0   
  (2) contract (v ) s7FqE>#c0  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 %E1~I\n:F  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 1Na CGD"  
rM[Ps=5  
  2 、必知疾病名称 Yr-,0${m  
  heart disease 心脏病 X%`8h _  
  hypertension 高血压 70 HEu@-  
  kidney problem 肾病 ,>{4*PM(  
  stroke 中风 En5Bsz !  
    shock 休克 KT?vs5jg$&  
  the blood pressure 血压 Ma-^o<{  
  diabetes 糖尿病 T:; e73  
  obesity 肥胖 z+wV(i97  
  terminal illness 绝症 lG\lu'<C  
  incurable illness 不治之症 K/MIDH  
  cancer 癌症 Ba`]Sm=  
  tumor 肿瘤 Oq+C<}eg  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 \hi{r@k>}  
  emergency case 急症 ^o,@9GT s  
  serious illness 重症 vf5[x!4  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 4`Fbl]Q   
  short breath 短气 'J!P:.=a>  
  syndrome 综合症 1ed#nB %  
  complications 并发症 F!fxA#  
  process 病程 WqYl=%x"{V  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 0Fbq/63  
short-sighted (adj)近视 >S t  
bE0S) b)  
  3、传染病 X^aujK^ @  
  (1) 感染源 ty-4yK#  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介  #lJF$  
  (2 )传染疾病 'BUdySng  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 -Ep-v4}  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 ](T*f'LN  
  infection contagion 传染病 &3u* zV$  
  infectious diseases 传染病 V]vk9M2q[l  
  AIDS 艾滋病 A;2?!i#f  
  SARS [dt1%DD`M  
  (3) 传染 c-s ~q/  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 snj+-'4T  
  block the channel (v) Q >sq:R+'  
  disseminate 传播 u9VJ{F  
cross infection 交叉感染 ["@K~my~D*  
8.9S91]=  
  5 、疾病、病痛 xY_/CR[,  
  illness ,&l>^w/  
  sickness -ud!j  
  disease ~G"6^C:x  
  ailment 6oJ~Jdn'  
suffering ?[VS0IBS  
wt)t LMEv  
  6 、疾病的转归 x:?1fvVR  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 ((  t8  
  recover recovery HYpB]<F  
  recuperate ux-Fvwoh  
  resume %} \@Wk~  
  recruit /4=O^;   
  reinstate dq|z;,`  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 vsES`  
  deteriorate #<!oA1MH4  
  aggravate ZM4q@O)/  
  exasperate oYqlN6n,=6  
  make worse <Ep P;  
  worsen !&19%C4  
   9~>;sjJk  
    7、其他相关词汇 +KD~/}C%-  
  outbreak and spending = u73AM}  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 FtE%<QHt  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 f3 *u_LO  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 ;XGG&M%3  
  taboo 禁忌 G?8,&jP~T  
  speed up blood circulation (v) 6C)  G  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) JNk ]$ xz  
  side effects 副反应 r#^X]  
complain of 主述 9I9J}&4  
SOeL@!_  
   iVnrv`k,  
(三)药物 }U+gJkY2  
  1 、药物名称 ,/JrQWgD  
  medicine b6oPnP_3P  
  drug 8a e]tX5$  
  remedy blxH`O!  
  medicinal herbs [YJP  
  power #p*OLQ3~  
  tablet mVU(u_lh  
pill "hpK8vQ  
A-.j v  
  2 、药物用法 [#uX{!q'  
  开药 : --.:eFE/  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases sStaT R{  
  write out a proscription U*v//@WbH  
  服药 &bnF{~<\  
  take a medicine K'n^, t  
  治…的疾病 ]@M$.msg@  
a remedy for some diseases ZXHG2@E)  
xzIs,i}U  
3 、其他相关词汇 <k}>eGn  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 Z4bN|\I  
  side effects 副反应 d/Fjs0pt  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 L=4?vs  
  drugstore 药房 ~SP.&>Q>  
  over the counter 非处方药 u ldea)  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 c3i|q@ k  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 EmG`ga)s  
  prescription 处方 7Dom[f  
  expenses for medicine 药费 B,|M  
  charges for medicine 7Cp>iWV  
drug rebate 药品回扣 lb`P9mbr+  
=<O{  
   X#1So.}c  
(四)心理疾病 H*EQ%BLW^,  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 QH~/UnV  
  subhealth 亚健康 iN+p>3w^l  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 nLQ 3s3@1>  
  psychological problem 心理问题 /2Y Nu*v  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 J A4'e@  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 Qf7]t-Kp  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 ~ E>D0o  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 zUIh8cAoE  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 ~e,  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 4U C/pGZY  
psychological expert 心理专家 }9<aX Y,  
H:d{Sru  
  2 、情绪词汇 ' OdZ[AN  
  overcome PIB|&I|p  
  disappoint Qaq{UW  
  disappointed L>xcgV7  
  shy , ,'={/)c<  
  flush 1K0 9iB  
  frustration NTs< ;ED  
  failure 92+({ fg W  
  willpower ?n\~&n'C  
  optimism K]N^6ome  
  optimistic QbxjfW"/+  
  be sensitive to g0cCw2S  
  nervous TjgX' j  
  tensional 7&'^H8V  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic "EWU:9\0  
  confident confidence PPPRO.y  
  stress pressure \EUc17  
  depress depressed D3;^!ln]D  
  depression depressive B/i,QBPF]  
   1nBE8 N  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 @l$cZi e  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary Itj|0PGd  
   [~f%z(vI  
(五)肥胖与营养 b0m1O.&I_  
  1 、营养物质 i.0}qS?  
  nutrient 营养素 o Ep\po1  
  protein 蛋白质 %DgU  
  fat 脂肪 8 x|NR?  
  glucose 葡萄糖 &nZ=w#_  
  vitamin 维生素 vb5tyY0c  
  sugar 糖类 wgkh} b   
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 +3]@0VM26;  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 H.O7Y  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 Z;7f D  
cholesterol胆固醇 ]Ny.  gu  
 UZmz k  
  2 、营养与饮食 w/h?, L|  
  a well-balanced diet 9t7_7{Q+;  
  nutrition 营养 mBQ6qmK   
  nutritional 营养的 3$(1LN  
fCO!M1t  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 JS!rZi  
HQQc<7c ",  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall }"Hf/{E$_"  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase ,t*#o&+  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; `Qaw]&O  
4.       食品安全 food safety l_>^LFOA  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies uDQ d48>  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to HMrS::  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU =NH:/j^  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system oBifESJ  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care `<b 3e(A  
10.   服务体系service system A ;}=v|Dr&I.  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene **fJAANc  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. <M7@JgC &  
13.   清淡的lite qyp"q{k0  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet >9uDY+70I3  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN qZ6P(5X  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 6_^ u}me  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; cqRIi~`  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease 2}b1PMpZG  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; jiC;*]n  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion ]wER&/v"  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" ;oH%d;H  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission |Y0BnyGK  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D ,* @m<{DX)  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate 7K {/2k  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness f,)[f M4  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s x\*`i)su  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse FxTOc@<  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to x6.an_W6  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – CL dLO u"  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver  Ae <v  
31.   血压 hypertension &t+03c8g!  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon : \:jIP  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 )DI/y1  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ 4 "@BbVYR  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 RI')iz?  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health 1Ty{k^%  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds >(<OhS(  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations kC!7<%(  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle q\x*@KQgM  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 z%hB=V!~91  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people TMhUo#`I|  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent CGbW] D$@  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from Hd U1gV>  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to k =ru) _$2  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to P2_JS]>  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to c#<v :b  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive D`o* OlU  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak >/.-N  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly zF>| 9JU  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations |p4F^!9  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon pfe9 n[  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate _ncqd,&z  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy nBgksB*A  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances Ep|W>  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance K=;z&E=<c  
56.   退休养老金retirement n l`:M/z6"  
57.   医疗改革health care reform Hq?-e?Nc  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity G +o)s  
59.   月经期menstrual period S c_s=>z  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace bJ*jJl x  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care ytf.$P  
62.   安乐死euthanasia }oIA*:5  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill 4GH?$p|LX  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! Z!0D97^  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient xL3-(K6e  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. r?{tu82#i  
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