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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 BcQUD?LC`  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 Qe F:s|[  
  1 、医生 xJw" 8V<  
  ① doctor, medical worker 1PxRj  
  ② physician 内科医生 psvc, V_*  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 y~*B%KnEQy  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 6Z1O:Bou  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 _S[@?]=`b  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 Zbl*U(KU?  
E`La O  
  2 、医院 +Y*4/w[   
  ① hospital -N/n|{+F  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 fFVQu\  
  The general hospital 普通医院 k6DJ(.n'%a  
  The community hospital 社区医院 1c/<2xO~  
  The public hospital 公立医院 }JOz,SQHP  
  The private hospital 私立医院 ~{g/  
  ② clinc 门诊 D]d! lMK/  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 !M}-N  
  ③ ward 病房 K HNU=k  
④ medical team 医疗队 6(\-aH'Ol  
G,6`:l  
3、 医疗手段 AvIheR  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 ku57<kb  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 e7iQG@i7  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 8>|4iT  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis _Q\rZ l  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 |VE.khq#  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | e?XGv0^qu  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 ho#<?rh_  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 B\|^$z2  
(9)              TCM 中医 ELG{xN=o  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 <vs*aFq  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 Rc@lGq9  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 A[Ce3m  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 K)Ya%%6[U#  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 E^w0X,0XlE  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; I?q- :9:  
ls "Z4v(L6  
  4 、医疗体制 EN>a^B+!  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 ]]u_Mdk  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 ]R Vme^=  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故  W"~"R  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 )C$Ij9 <A  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 -&y&b-  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 '7]9q#{su  
lP(<4mdP  
  5 、医德 nwDW<J{f|U  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 NUi&x+  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 2Y}A9Veb  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 !?B2OE  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 (elkk#  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 ZI!;~q  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 |L)qH"Eo  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 -,"eN}P^  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people :y!{=[>M(  
y$|O E%S  
  6 、病人 ?l 0WuU  
  (1 )patient cn ;2&  
  (2 )the sick |y]8gL^  
  (3 )the invalid I"jub kI=Z  
  (4) sufferer a3_pF~Qx  
   38RyUHL=  
(二)疾病 M`G#cEc  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 LkJ-M=y  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) n6GB2 <y  
  (2) contract (v )  [ "Jt2  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 0~nub  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 ]*AQT7PH  
$,7Yo nc  
  2 、必知疾病名称 U#n1N7P|$F  
  heart disease 心脏病 I6 Q { Axy  
  hypertension 高血压 E"Y[k8-:2/  
  kidney problem 肾病 *h"7! g  
  stroke 中风 +@yTcz  
    shock 休克 (, uW-  
  the blood pressure 血压 B P0*`TY  
  diabetes 糖尿病 YZ^;xV  
  obesity 肥胖 )Es|EPCx!  
  terminal illness 绝症 QpMi+q Y  
  incurable illness 不治之症 #?RT$L>n  
  cancer 癌症 Ouc$M2m0!  
  tumor 肿瘤 .L}k-8  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 p6W|4_a?  
  emergency case 急症 Meo. V|1  
  serious illness 重症 w|8T6W|w  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 !$8 e6  
  short breath 短气 ?=0BU}  
  syndrome 综合症 z[0B"f  
  complications 并发症 |#`qP^E  
  process 病程 2"!s8x1$  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 ]?a i  
short-sighted (adj)近视 q jmlwVw  
n]fMl:77  
  3、传染病 =/MA`>  
  (1) 感染源 BXB ZX@jVk  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 yw+LT,AQ.  
  (2 )传染疾病 /K\]z Pq  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 ;dZuO[4\  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 `(o:;<&3  
  infection contagion 传染病 HGlQZwf  
  infectious diseases 传染病 oZ,_G,b^  
  AIDS 艾滋病 2c1L[]h'  
  SARS Wg!JQRHtT  
  (3) 传染 )4e?-?bK!  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 )uu1AbT +e  
  block the channel (v) Gqs)E"h  
  disseminate 传播  {Bw  
cross infection 交叉感染 Z]qbLxJV  
H?_>wQj&  
  5 、疾病、病痛 XDohfa _  
  illness _kXq0~  
  sickness h'ik19  
  disease _=-B%m  
  ailment R,dbq4xkl  
suffering +^|_vq^XR  
uN8RG_Mb  
  6 、疾病的转归 ApNS0  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 #ADm^UT^  
  recover recovery ACOn}yH  
  recuperate M>[e1y>7  
  resume QTC!vKM  
  recruit #f<3[BLx  
  reinstate GRh430V [  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 ir|c<~_=  
  deteriorate f0&%  
  aggravate ZeLed[J^xJ  
  exasperate 2F :8=_sA  
  make worse IGNU_w4j  
  worsen 8qL.L(=\/  
   ! k 1 Ge+  
    7、其他相关词汇 Q_>W!)p Gz  
  outbreak and spending EpH_v`  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 R$X~d8o>%  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 F?^L^N^  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 2Qt!JXC  
  taboo 禁忌 5] LfJh+"n  
  speed up blood circulation (v) B"8jEYT5  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) k.z(.uc=  
  side effects 副反应 q=}1 ud}1  
complain of 主述 .5uqc.i"f  
qVfl6q5  
   vA}_x7}n(  
(三)药物 VD< z]@  
  1 、药物名称 oC-v>&bW  
  medicine yM~bUmSg  
  drug J ZkQ/vp(  
  remedy 9z..LD(  
  medicinal herbs -]+pwZ4g  
  power kRc+OsY9  
  tablet xJ2I@*DN  
pill $rI 1|;^  
3H`{ A/r  
  2 、药物用法 9v[V"m`M  
  开药 : A&bj l[s  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases nQoQNB  
  write out a proscription !3Pbu=(cte  
  服药 X.#)CB0c1Q  
  take a medicine //_H _ue$  
  治…的疾病 @1Q-.54a  
a remedy for some diseases {*AA]z? zo  
S.)Jp -&K  
3 、其他相关词汇 YT Zi[/  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 dw3Hk$"h  
  side effects 副反应 3_~iq>l  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 {VE h@yn  
  drugstore 药房 8.#{J&h  
  over the counter 非处方药 J+J,W5t^  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 k(l2`I4V  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 ~DI$O[KpR%  
  prescription 处方 0(D^NtB7  
  expenses for medicine 药费 AO$AT_s  
  charges for medicine 4=xi)qF/@  
drug rebate 药品回扣 La;G S  
l9Ir@.m  
   kg[%Q]]  
(四)心理疾病 $/++afi m  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 $(aq;DR  
  subhealth 亚健康 l%0bF9\  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 50W+!'  
  psychological problem 心理问题  ?pTX4a&>  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 mll :rWC)  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 qN)y-N.LI(  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 Z<-_Y]4j  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 |h>PUt@LL  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 Cbw *? 9d  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 bbK};u  
psychological expert 心理专家 r ]DiB:.  
U(#<D7}  
  2 、情绪词汇 5p;AON  
  overcome ;b$P*dSG}  
  disappoint Zv u6/#  
  disappointed m1"m KM  
  shy , =}^NyLE?  
  flush > ;,S||  
  frustration e w^(3&  
  failure -+#%]P 8l  
  willpower ZZw`8 E  
  optimism M";qo6  
  optimistic h)KHc/S  
  be sensitive to J1?;'  
  nervous BQ@7^E[  
  tensional (o^tmH*  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic DD| 0?i  
  confident confidence b+rxin".  
  stress pressure ]P4WfV d  
  depress depressed mxa~JAlN_  
  depression depressive )`u17 {  
   ,6)N.  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 LU1I `E  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary ,/;Ae w;  
   9^gYy&+>6]  
(五)肥胖与营养 <I+kB^Er  
  1 、营养物质 _jWs(OmJ  
  nutrient 营养素 Ltlp9 S  
  protein 蛋白质 J2mHPV A3  
  fat 脂肪 Ayz*2 N`%  
  glucose 葡萄糖 Z}W{ iD{  
  vitamin 维生素 '-iE bE  
  sugar 糖类 ]e>qvSuYh  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 Y.^L^ "%dF  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 _&gi4)q  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 'jev1u[  
cholesterol胆固醇 ]\, ?u /  
z@*E=B1L  
  2 、营养与饮食 Sj+H{xJi  
  a well-balanced diet _v!7 |&\  
  nutrition 营养 .OPknC  
  nutritional 营养的 TxrW69FV7  
"LBMpgpU  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 Z8v\>@?5R  
Z@~gN5@,M  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall `3TR`,=  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase sh/ ,"b2!P  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; U2Ve @.  
4.       食品安全 food safety ($di]lbsT  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies ~q>jXi  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to Z{8%Cln  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU u>XXKlW:  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system  f<o|5r  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care 1+%UZK= K  
10.   服务体系service system A ,&[o:jTk  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene Ha v&vV  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. SSe;&Jk2d  
13.   清淡的lite NlYuT+  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet /xn|d#4  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN RDps{),E;d  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 =!Ik5LiD  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; c |0p'EQ  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease It*U"4lgi  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; r CJ$Pl9R  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion r^k+D<k[7  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" f]*;O+8$LN  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission :7{GOx  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D 6;E3|st1 X  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate |AvPg  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness G}U <^]c  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s BOpZ8p'eH1  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse G[}v?RLI  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to 8Hq4ppC  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – RIkIE=+6  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver 2K4Xu9-i:b  
31.   血压 hypertension {?Slo5X|  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon _J*l,] }S  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 nLL2/!'n  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ 0}GO $%l  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 g Cp`J(2v:  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health ,wf_o%'eW  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds DXJw)%G w  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations ,t_&tbf3  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle 5VE=Oo#&  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 ^/%o I;O{  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people &$ }6:  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent #0) TS  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from I!b"Rv=Nf-  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to R;,5LS&*a  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to ty[%:eG#  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to A46dtFD{  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive PL"=>  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak _R0O9sPTO  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly .`*;AT  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations "#36-  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon Ag3+z+uS  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate '"q+[zwv  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy b4$g$()  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances 2./ z6jXW_  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance |+~P; fG  
56.   退休养老金retirement n /_JR7BB^X,  
57.   医疗改革health care reform U e-AF#  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity z$Z%us>io  
59.   月经期menstrual period S K7$Q .  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace aA%x9\Y  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care xt@v"P2Ok  
62.   安乐死euthanasia SXXO#  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill V[8!ymi0  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! +CQIm!Sp  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient EE9eG31|r  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. @Us#c 7/  
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