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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 )3_I-Ia  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 =`f6@4H  
  1 、医生 1eC1Cyw  
  ① doctor, medical worker }`g:) g J  
  ② physician 内科医生 S Rs~p  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 BJI}gm2y  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 7^|oO~x6  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 i6R2R8  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 B4^+&B#  
Lpw9hj|  
  2 、医院 I@VhxJh  
  ① hospital tlw$/tMa  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 kTG4h@w  
  The general hospital 普通医院 70p1&Y7or  
  The community hospital 社区医院 %{\|/#>:  
  The public hospital 公立医院 5y7rY!]Bf  
  The private hospital 私立医院 2j_YHv$I  
  ② clinc 门诊 iOpMU  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 BKDs3?&  
  ③ ward 病房 \|20E51B[  
④ medical team 医疗队 ea3;1-b:  
9] /xAsD  
3、 医疗手段 _{CMWo"l  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 w=EUwt  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 >r%L=22+  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 zoXCMBg[  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis f} q4~NPn-  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 NNZ%jJy?=,  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | m+p}Qi8i)  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 CW*Kd t  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 cU8Rm\?  
(9)              TCM 中医 HRkO.230  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 Jlw<% }r  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 D Q7+  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 fl| 8#\r  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 68ce+|  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 ,at"Q$)T  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; [.\uHt  
H..g2; D  
  4 、医疗体制 n1OxT"tD  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 @UCI^a~w  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 X`km\\*  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 SN!TE,=I  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 |J: n'}  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 OiI[w8  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 r|$@Wsb?#  
j) 4:*R.Z]  
  5 、医德 =zw=J p  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 shjc`Tqm  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 L:$kd `v[  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 K)z{R n  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 X v[5)4N  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 %LBa;M  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 ML6Y_|6 |  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 6H+'ezM  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people T b~|p_;o  
BJGL &N  
  6 、病人 E'3=qTbiD  
  (1 )patient NfG<!  
  (2 )the sick %UIR GI  
  (3 )the invalid AY]dwKw  
  (4) sufferer Cjh0 .{  
   ~s.~ X5  
(二)疾病 e/+_tC$@p@  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 bf1Tky=/  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) k'O^HMAn!  
  (2) contract (v ) a%\6L  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 WiDl[l"{9  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 [bE-Uu7q5P  
=;9 %Q{  
  2 、必知疾病名称  |tK_Bn  
  heart disease 心脏病 MNC=r?  
  hypertension 高血压 8 $5 y]%!  
  kidney problem 肾病 k2bjBAT  
  stroke 中风 ^?+qNbK  
    shock 休克 0.pZlv  
  the blood pressure 血压 TJYup%q  
  diabetes 糖尿病 x*`S>_j27=  
  obesity 肥胖 >(EC.ke  
  terminal illness 绝症 "0*yD[2  
  incurable illness 不治之症 s<z`<^hRe  
  cancer 癌症 K#"J8h;x  
  tumor 肿瘤 jF$bCbAUce  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 #}PQ !gZ  
  emergency case 急症 %wFz4 :  
  serious illness 重症 uOQ!av2"Rf  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 ]QU 9|1  
  short breath 短气 <USK6!-G  
  syndrome 综合症 2Kkm-#p7  
  complications 并发症 3# g"Z7/  
  process 病程 [X9T$7q#  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 r* q  
short-sighted (adj)近视 /3`yaYkSh  
"[QQ(]={  
  3、传染病 m >Rdsn~l  
  (1) 感染源 `K7UWtp  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 :' =le*h  
  (2 )传染疾病 {e+}jZ[L  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 d O1h1yJJ  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 Ia[4P8Z  
  infection contagion 传染病 &At9@  
  infectious diseases 传染病 u?F^gIw  
  AIDS 艾滋病 %{|67h  
  SARS 6Y%{ YQ}s|  
  (3) 传染 p)qM{`]G\  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 H %Dcp#k  
  block the channel (v) kt# t-N;}x  
  disseminate 传播 U]]ON6Y&F  
cross infection 交叉感染 :anR/  
KY%LqcC  
  5 、疾病、病痛 ~c=F$M^"c  
  illness *7w,o?l  
  sickness "$nff=]  
  disease FN<S agj  
  ailment 0m,q 3  
suffering P9o=G=i  
1=_Qj}!1  
  6 、疾病的转归 Ie[DTy  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 xC9?Wt'  
  recover recovery 6@x^,SA  
  recuperate uE}$ZBi q  
  resume ;YZ'd"0v  
  recruit (sSGJS'X  
  reinstate L1kA AR  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 B2Kh~Xd  
  deteriorate WIN3*z7oW  
  aggravate )XDbg>  
  exasperate SPp|/ [i7  
  make worse VV/aec8  
  worsen <cFj-Ys(T  
   ~ \b~  
    7、其他相关词汇 +(Jh$b_  
  outbreak and spending pM~-o?  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 }nptmc  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 }^ =f%EjV  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 !AG {`[b  
  taboo 禁忌 rN,T}M= 2  
  speed up blood circulation (v) i]Bu7Fuu  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) <O.|pJus  
  side effects 副反应 iz0:  
complain of 主述 I]%Kd('  
i v.G  
   Yy;BJ_  
(三)药物 ,b:~Vpb1I  
  1 、药物名称 OuK RaZ  
  medicine .#Z"Sj  
  drug VB`% u=  
  remedy nX\mCO4 T  
  medicinal herbs 13 %: 3W(  
  power Gzs$0Ki=  
  tablet 4_# (y^9  
pill >WLHw!I!6  
de;CEm<n  
  2 、药物用法 a}iP +#;  
  开药 : C{+JrHV%h  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases ?<S fhjU  
  write out a proscription SM1L^M3)  
  服药  y(#6nG@S  
  take a medicine saDu'SmYV  
  治…的疾病 Ktu~% )k%  
a remedy for some diseases +~=j3U  
c &Eva  
3 、其他相关词汇 9m\Yi  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 x 0K#-  
  side effects 副反应 CNhLp#  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 4?bvJJuf)  
  drugstore 药房 $sUn'62JlU  
  over the counter 非处方药 u \<APn  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 H}q$6W E  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 \cf'Hj}  
  prescription 处方 +zXcTT[V  
  expenses for medicine 药费 [)kuu  
  charges for medicine `m #i|8  
drug rebate 药品回扣 ]h=5d09z  
4#:C t* f  
   ;*ni%|K  
(四)心理疾病 S <-5<Pg  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 AX Q.E$1g  
  subhealth 亚健康 5:#|Op N  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 {+[ Ex2b$  
  psychological problem 心理问题 \  H#"  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 =-&h@mB;G  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 #sk~L21A  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 2m} bddS  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 MOay^{u  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 K-K>'T9F}  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 P,xJVo\  
psychological expert 心理专家 Le{.B@2-"  
a.RYRq4o  
  2 、情绪词汇 uBn35%  
  overcome 3N|6?' m  
  disappoint UX<)hvKj  
  disappointed _ n1:v~  
  shy , x9S9%JG :  
  flush % iJ} H6m  
  frustration ^zS;/%  
  failure `e?~c'a@  
  willpower )[r=(6?n  
  optimism ao[yHcAs  
  optimistic pYu6[  
  be sensitive to -YmIRocx  
  nervous e&Q w\Ze  
  tensional B@VAXmCaoV  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic ]*Q,~uV^|  
  confident confidence N93R(x)%  
  stress pressure yy&L&v'  
  depress depressed x25zk4-  
  depression depressive c&{= aIe w  
   [9:";JSl"Y  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 wu &lG!#  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary ~C>Q+tR8  
   Uj3HAu  
(五)肥胖与营养 " v c 4QH$  
  1 、营养物质 mV)t  
  nutrient 营养素 l~Ka(*[!U  
  protein 蛋白质 u47`&\  
  fat 脂肪 4FZ/~Y1}  
  glucose 葡萄糖 W- nS{v(  
  vitamin 维生素 G;ZN>8NB  
  sugar 糖类 [p}~M-$V8Y  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 -1`}|t;  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 o@]n<ZYo  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 8bO+[" c  
cholesterol胆固醇 a? PH`5O  
J$s p6 g>K  
  2 、营养与饮食 e7\gd\  
  a well-balanced diet UvB\kIH  
  nutrition 营养 E}a.qM'  
  nutritional 营养的 {4f%UnSz(  
5 wN)N~JE  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 :`"- Jf  
NLYf   
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall -f1}N|hy  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase 8x7TK2r  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; ,1lW`Krx  
4.       食品安全 food safety ]n<B a7Y  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies "{H{-`Ni  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to l[m*csDk"  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU px+]/P <dX  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system PU B0H  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care gSyBoY  
10.   服务体系service system A t7xJ "  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene >TawJ"q-6R  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. Z("N *`VP;  
13.   清淡的lite xS+xUi  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet l=S!cj;  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN K Z^>_K&  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 )"M;7W?R0  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; R" CF xo  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease mL'A $BR`  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; Nt?=0X|M  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion Ah5o>ZtcO  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" ~HT :BO$  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission TM_bu  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D dXsL0r*c  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate AxTFV ot  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness U-f8 D  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s  :fy,%su  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse p}wysVB  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to 7*Zm{r@u  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – 'X/:TOk{W  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver 8(S|=cR  
31.   血压 hypertension bun_R-  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon )fS6H<*  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 rfSEL 57'  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ %P#| }  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 F4Cq85#  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health >!o!rs  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds [=Nv=d<[p  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations B/3xV:Gy  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle d+ $:u  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 B/hQvA;(  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people Tpkt'|8  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent .6bo  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from EgzdRB\Cf  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to TvRm 7  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to G2|G}#E  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to lx?v .:zl\  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive [w+1<ou;j  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak $"0`2C  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly Rdj^k^V+a1  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations "`Xbi/i  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon Ou f\%E<  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate u:wijkx  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy xz +;1JAL3  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances %S>6Q^B  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance )$*B  
56.   退休养老金retirement n M}=fdH  
57.   医疗改革health care reform k6\&[BQs  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity fM*aZc*Y  
59.   月经期menstrual period S ``rYzj _  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace AthR|I|8  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care ;L%\[H>G  
62.   安乐死euthanasia 'P%&*%  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill W3R43>$  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! dXU6TCjU7  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient wDBU+Z  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. `+UBl\j  
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