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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 - P4X@s_;  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 _t6 .9CXl  
  1 、医生 d 0:;IUG  
  ① doctor, medical worker 8(H!iKHe  
  ② physician 内科医生 ayLINpL  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 JE;!~=   
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 A!a.,{fZ  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 Yb'%J@T}  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 l^__oam  
[`1@`5SL-  
  2 、医院 9 ]|C$;kw@  
  ① hospital 5zF$Q{3  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 QPB ^%8  
  The general hospital 普通医院 3.Jk-:u %m  
  The community hospital 社区医院 <{z-<D;  
  The public hospital 公立医院 48.4GwL7  
  The private hospital 私立医院 $qiM_06  
  ② clinc 门诊 1#|qT 7  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 n_6#Df*  
  ③ ward 病房 t~Q j$:\  
④ medical team 医疗队 $]J<^{v  
Bsj^R\   
3、 医疗手段 V P1 z"j:  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 3E!3kSh|  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 </ 2Cn@  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 *d-JAE  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis z7&m,:M  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 ?:+p#&I  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | <ti,W n.  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 $NBQv6#:  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 QvlV jDIy  
(9)              TCM 中医 FW3uq^  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 oW6b3Q /B  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 8k^1:gt^  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述  8(}cbW  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 K}p0$Lc  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 8`Tj*7Y=  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; FaKZ|~Y e  
n m.5!.  
  4 、医疗体制 #r@>.S=U]  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 88l{M[B2  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 6Z;D`X,5  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 yp< )v(8|'  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 k>:\4uI|<\  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 b:$q5  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 it->)?"(6  
zRB LkrC  
  5 、医德 'K|F{K  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 '2SZ]   
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 _!%@V=  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 )00jRuF  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 B8>@q!G8P  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 z  h%b<  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 +#6f)H(P]  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 G9CL}=lJ,  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people [o.#$(   
y_T%xWK 5  
  6 、病人 _OB^ywHn.  
  (1 )patient a4",BDx  
  (2 )the sick _$K kSMA~_  
  (3 )the invalid 5Trc#i<\  
  (4) sufferer a)!R4  
   'r} y{`3M  
(二)疾病 H`7T;`Yb  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 r<'B\.#tp>  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) +xNq8yS  
  (2) contract (v ) >dwY( a  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 cpx:4R,  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 0VIR =Pbp  
;kD Rm'(  
  2 、必知疾病名称 * K0aR!  
  heart disease 心脏病 - 90X^]  
  hypertension 高血压 }L>0}H  
  kidney problem 肾病 #YSFiy:+r_  
  stroke 中风 'fY29Xr^  
    shock 休克 s_U--y.2r(  
  the blood pressure 血压 K%;= i2:  
  diabetes 糖尿病 ilQt`-O!  
  obesity 肥胖 e)|5 P  
  terminal illness 绝症 i \@a&tw  
  incurable illness 不治之症 Q=^TKsu  
  cancer 癌症 ,6x>gcR  
  tumor 肿瘤 Bu4@FIK!C  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 ] m #*4  
  emergency case 急症 tQ`|MO&o  
  serious illness 重症 UFyk%#L  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 n"nfEA3{`  
  short breath 短气 BxesoB  
  syndrome 综合症 )%HIC@MM6  
  complications 并发症 Z5[g[Q  
  process 病程 /$|-!e<5b\  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 |q Pu*vR  
short-sighted (adj)近视 lDZ~  
2FR 5RG oD  
  3、传染病 Tj! rAMQk  
  (1) 感染源 '-P+|bZ W4  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 WLCr~r^  
  (2 )传染疾病 Myh?=:1~(c  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 4j<[3~:0 o  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 kT:?1w'  
  infection contagion 传染病 UtHloq(r  
  infectious diseases 传染病 &5hs W1`  
  AIDS 艾滋病 #j"GS/y"  
  SARS .d+zF,02Z  
  (3) 传染 -cP1,>Ahv  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 Us% _'}(/U  
  block the channel (v) KIY9?B=+  
  disseminate 传播 hd)WdGJp  
cross infection 交叉感染 P[jh^!<j  
'a"Uw"/p[  
  5 、疾病、病痛 3!i{4/  
  illness Q<(aU{  
  sickness c,#Nd@  
  disease rVp^s/A^;  
  ailment n D}<zj$D2  
suffering N:,V{Pw  
UI*&@!%bzp  
  6 、疾病的转归 GK#D R/OM  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 @2TfW]6  
  recover recovery <}F(G-kV6  
  recuperate }sp?@C,Z  
  resume ,_K:DSiB  
  recruit "tu*(>'~5  
  reinstate V(Oi!(H;v  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 S KGnx  
  deteriorate <"av /`;  
  aggravate #;UoZJ B  
  exasperate (@S 9>z4s  
  make worse bnV)f<  
  worsen /mwDVP<z /  
   &?k`rF9  
    7、其他相关词汇 "WH &BhQYD  
  outbreak and spending SRrp = >w?  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 0UQ DB5u  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 K] &GSro  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 ozA%u,\7k  
  taboo 禁忌 7>-99o^W  
  speed up blood circulation (v) (V"7H  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) am/D$ (l1  
  side effects 副反应 ?S.LGc  
complain of 主述 Kc+9n%sp  
Ah zV?6e  
   H-8_&E?6m  
(三)药物 w7~&Xxa/  
  1 、药物名称 P5'VLnE R{  
  medicine uC2 5pH"  
  drug ~-~iCIa Tb  
  remedy zF&_9VNk=c  
  medicinal herbs K:Z|# i-  
  power B*fBb.Z  
  tablet Wr,pm#gl6  
pill )7WLbj!M  
ZV[-$  
  2 、药物用法 ?y^ ix+ M  
  开药 : f1t?<=3Ek<  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases >8injW3 52  
  write out a proscription D~,i I7ac  
  服药 CDDEWVd  
  take a medicine ShOB"J-  
  治…的疾病 kb'l@d#E  
a remedy for some diseases n'@XgUI,  
Rz33_ qA  
3 、其他相关词汇 ?$b*)<  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 Vje LPbk)  
  side effects 副反应 D* 8oFJub  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 ;AT~?o`n  
  drugstore 药房 K ?V' ?s  
  over the counter 非处方药 M5+K[Ir/y9  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 $"Nqto~  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 wodff_l  
  prescription 处方 `_M&zN  
  expenses for medicine 药费 ?gS~9jgcd  
  charges for medicine gR k+KGKn<  
drug rebate 药品回扣 <:~'s]`zf  
<2PO3w?Z  
   ra{HlB{  
(四)心理疾病 =UF mN"  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 n^rzl6dy  
  subhealth 亚健康 Fh^Ax3P(  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 )H<F([Jri  
  psychological problem 心理问题 QBTjiaYGa'  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 N#vV;  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 m H&WoL<K  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 $-_@MT~  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 ~`VD}{[,B  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 fngk<$lvg  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗  oz\r0:  
psychological expert 心理专家 = p$:vW  
Rm=[Sj84  
  2 、情绪词汇 bOdyrynh  
  overcome RhumNP<M  
  disappoint > 0NDlS%Q:  
  disappointed -wn(J5NnR  
  shy , Z$ Mc{  
  flush 2ee((vO&  
  frustration !$.h[z^  
  failure v/}h y$7  
  willpower 2W=am_\0e.  
  optimism )\0LxsZ  
  optimistic -nC!kpo  
  be sensitive to /? HLEX  
  nervous . g95E<bd  
  tensional % %Z|6V74  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic  Q~AK0W  
  confident confidence &&{_T4  
  stress pressure }e0)=*;l  
  depress depressed 9x[|75}l  
  depression depressive PEHaH"|([=  
   Fwv(J_'q  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 jCv%[H7  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary qECta'b&  
   }@S''AA\  
(五)肥胖与营养 h"5!puN+  
  1 、营养物质 q<*UeyE S  
  nutrient 营养素 [ZkK)78}k  
  protein 蛋白质 +~]LvZtI_  
  fat 脂肪 ^N_?&pgy  
  glucose 葡萄糖 $+.!(Js"K  
  vitamin 维生素 9Wi+7_)  
  sugar 糖类 +XN/ bT  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 iH""dtO  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 QUU'/e2^c  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 .8.LW4-ff  
cholesterol胆固醇 >X!A/; $  
V[N4 { c  
  2 、营养与饮食 S ;FgS:;  
  a well-balanced diet zV8^Hxl  
  nutrition 营养 my^2}>wi  
  nutritional 营养的 XKq}^M&gy  
>m; *Zk`  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 p+>vX X  
ZhpbbS  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall V K)%Us-  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase (jY -MF3  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; Rg?m$$X`  
4.       食品安全 food safety pZv>{=2hOS  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies -h/KrB  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to a9CK4Kg  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU NlnmeTLO5  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system 56 raZC  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care O~WT$  
10.   服务体系service system A R%Y#vUmBV{  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene aJi0!6oy  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. fq2t^c|$  
13.   清淡的lite {tlt5p!4  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet Mmu>&C\  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN i$:\,  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 b\l +S2  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; &X nbZ&_  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease (IY= x{b  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; {IlX@qWr  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion 4x'N #m{p  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" [N-t6Z*  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission uS%Y$ v  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D  Mk-Rl  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate pg%'_+$~m  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness 85Hb~|0  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s zu~E}  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse dsh S+d  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to C)r!;u)AZH  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – > lRa},5(  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver *0 0K3  
31.   血压 hypertension uD2v6x236  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon g`}+K U  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 Y!8Ik(/~i  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ x-:a5Kz!  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 G@O~*k1v  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health IfH*saN7  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds k8}*b&+{vz  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations Lwg@*:`d  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle Myj 68_wf  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 g?'4G$M  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people `(r [BV|h}  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent *)V1Sd#m  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from e Akjpc  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to Wn(pz)+Y  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to JO4rU- n  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to =+T$ 1  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive ,<[Q/:}[  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak Sc!{ o!9\  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly ?]`kc  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations ]vJ] i <|b  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon y^o*wz:D*  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate W?5u O  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy f_*Bd.@  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances )F\tU  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance uY,(3x  
56.   退休养老金retirement n o<*H!oyP\  
57.   医疗改革health care reform CH6^;.  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity wt;7+  
59.   月经期menstrual period S nQ*9|v4  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace ZSKSMI%D  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care pXfg{2  
62.   安乐死euthanasia "t4$%7L]  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill eIz T(3(  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! 35dbDgVz$  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient jl;%?b x  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. *C~O[:6D  
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