考博英语语法重点总结 v'W`\MKY)
独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 2*1FW
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独立主格特征 UZ}>@0
1. 充当句子的状语。 Yiy|^j
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 P<GHX~nB
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 p&4#9I5
4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） 6q ]`??g.
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. ~PAbtY9}U
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. !ii' hwFm$
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). l5bd);L tq
真题剖析 }4M4D/=
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. ^&-H"jF
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because \r+8} 8
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. bu|e cv
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be K9+C 3 "*I
虚拟语气 b 7%O[
虚拟语气（2） 61^5QHur
1. （should）+动词原形 |+0XO?,sZ
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 V*U* _Y
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 |vY0[#E8&
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 r$Z_Kwe.|&
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 6 W abw
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2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 0{GpO 6!
would rather +动词过去式 *1 [v08?!
真题剖析 :W\xZ
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … u< ,c
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t Wqu][Wa[Z
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. oT\u^WU
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded LJ|2=lI+jb
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. oe:@7st
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15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take UA|A>c
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. u0@i3Po
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) ( IXe5 55
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should TFWx(}1
非谓语动词 =nYd|Ok
动名词、分词、不定式。 -H3tBEvoI
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) +hIStA
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) 'xUyGj:
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 hZ0CnY8 '
真题剖析 na &?Cw
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. 3YG[~o|4
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops !c+Nf2I7S
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. ]Fc<% wzp
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative A?V[/
主谓一致 _JZw d 9K
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 g{zvks~it
How you got there doesn’t concern me. 2Qqk?;^ 1
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. UvSvgDMl
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 gNdEPaaFI
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. RnN]m!"5
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 9y(75Bn9
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 p`j kyi
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). 2
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5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 k !S0-/ h
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. S`oADy
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) qn VxP&
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） W=fw*ro
He no less than John is interested in literature. B \U9F5
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) e`pYO]Z
Either my father or my brothers are coming. jP?Y V
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 )~ {T
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. g\CRx^s
真题剖析 L*xu<(> K
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. =IQ+9Fl2
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some 'D ,efTq
倒装 S+^*rw
全部倒装 _g|zDi^
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” LUGyc( h
There stand big buildings in this district. Zj@k3y
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. J<g $hk
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) q\2q3}n
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man.
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3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 fqoI(/RWP
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. : +Na 8\d
4. 表语位于句首 G:$Ta6=
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. 0E*q-$P
Not far from here is a famous university. dNH6%1(s]0
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 HeV6 =&#
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. :@BAiKa[wa
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. BE`{? -G
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） LA!2!6 0R
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. V}?*kx~T2C
部分倒装 ,t"?~Hl".
1. 疑问句 ^HJ vT)e4
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） :c4iXK0_^?
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. tM&O<6Y
3. “only+状语”位于句首 OVwcjhQ
Only when he comes back can be leave. MI V<"A
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 ?8ZO iY(
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. U/hf?T;
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) "H{Et b/
By no means should you break the rules. K]~! =j)v
At no time should we give in to difficulties. U
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6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) (R
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7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” .<#oLM^
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. 79m',9{u
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house. '?j[hhfB-
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