英语词汇讲义

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1、难度系数不好界定 Y!tjaL 9D  
2、考博要求有较大的词汇量 $=-Q]ld&]  
3、可以参考的单词书籍：《如鱼得水背单词》 =!cI@TI  
4、借助真题背单词 \1p5$0z  
5、背单词的核心方法：词根、词缀 (s\" :5 C  
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词形相近类 k-LT'>CWl  
例如： |_P-  
        A .commerce,     B. commence,    C. comment,     D. commend _2,e S[wP  
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commerce     商业 <XH

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comment      评论 /<s$Am  
commend      赞美 MK<VjpP0(  
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例如：并发症 P"g Y|}|  
        A .compensation    B. complication    C .contamination   D. contemplation z]
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complication          并发症 ($oO, c'z  
compensation        补偿或弥补（经济学） 7Pc0|Z/  
contamination        污染（放射性、化学性） |@-%x.y  
contemplation        冥思苦想 9o7d3ir)  
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例如： $<UX/a\sH  
        A. emit    B. emerge     C. submit     D. submerge PSdH9ea  
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emit               发射、发送 mF>CH]k3  
emerge          突然出现 wjmZ`U Mz  
submerge      沉入、下沉 s'^zudx  
submit           提交、递交、屈服、让步 {I|k@  
f/b }X3K  
四选项有三项为近义词类 ]kmOX   
例如： c4LBlLv4  
        A. fresh    B. evident    C. obvious     D. apparent ~^.&np h  
同一场景类 0<L@f=i  
例如： yvxC/Jo 4  
       A. parole      B. penalty      C. prosecute      D. charge T ^a {#B  
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parole               假释、保释 1V`]sfRK  
penalty             死刑或严重的惩罚 ![5<\  
prosecute（for）= charge （with） 控告 |4Ix2GD  
固定搭配类 2LYd # !i  
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例句：
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      (1) Look, look, who is coming back? Theapple of my eye. l@*/1O)v  
      (2)Speaker A: Hey, Marry, how have youbeen lately? I haven’t heard from >V(2Ke Y  
                            you for ten years.I heard that you still did the same job as ten 1TQ$(bI  
                            years ago. Whathappened to you? n@L!{zY  
          Speaker B: While, you know, I likewhat I am now. I am not the kind of  ioi  
                            person who wants topolish my boss' apple to get ahead。 F.8{ H9`  
1．The day was breaking and people began togo to work so the murderer was unable to ______ of the body. YY!(/<VI  
A．dispense          B．dispose          C．discard          D．discharge
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2．Can you imagine! He offered me 5000 to break my contract.That′s ______ . Of course I didn′t agree. I would take legal action. X}zKV  
A．fraud          B．blackmail          C．bribery          D．compensation )+t5G>yKK  
3．Her remarks ______ a complete disregardfor human rights. eZ
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A．magnified          B．maintained          C．manipulated          D．manifested J+*rjdI  
4．The unfortunate death of the genius poetcaused ______ loss to this country. \>=YxB q  
A．priceless          B．countless          C．incalculable          D．imaginable IVNNiNN*5  
5．Before the disastrous earthquake therewas ______ chaos. L7Oytdc<  
A．massive          B．ominous          C．suspending          D．imminent l!AZ$IV  
6．On behalf of my company, I am ______ toyou and your colleagues for your generous help. aJ)5DlfLR  
A．subjected          B．inclined          C．available          D．obliged wCt+{Y3T  
7．The appearance of the used car is ______, it's much newer than it really is. Mqh~5NM  
A．descriptive          B．indicative          C．deceptive          D．impressive _SP u`=~K  
8．His office is ______ to the President′s;it usually takes him about three minutes to get there. f,
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A．related          B．adhesive          C．adherent          D．adjacent 1M;)$m:  
9．The none of students in the class likesthe mistress, who is used to being ______ of everything they do. rFy9K4D  
A．emotional          B．optimistic          C．interested          D．critical ;5|EpoM  
10．I didn′t know it then, but this disruptiveway of reading started with the very first novel I ever picked up. *>'R R<  
A．harmful          B．persistent          C．interruptive          D．characteristic CLkVe  
11．The problem is that the loss ofconfidence among the soldiers can be highly contagious. *Yr-:s9J9  
A．spreading          B．contemptible          C．contented          D．depressing &\X;t|  
12．The sales manager was so adamantabout her idea that it was out of the question for any one to talk her out ofit. n#&RY%#`  
A．adaptable          B．anxious          C．firm          D．talkative #wjBMR%  
13．Other non-dominant males were hyperactive;they were much more active than is normal, chasing others and fighting eachother. twu6z5<!-=  
A．hardly active     B．relativelyactive     C．extremely inactive     D．pathologicallyactive %@&)t?/=  
14．While he was not dumber than an ox, hewas not any smarter; so most of his classmates were lenient and helpedhim along. ,){0y%c#y  
A．helpful          B．merciful          C．enthusiastic          D．intelligent j d81E  
15．Before the construction of the road, itwas prohibitively expensive to transport any furs or fruits across themountains. 5?fk;Q9+\  
A．determinedly          B．incredibly          C．amazingly          D．forbiddingly Ur-^X(nL  
16．At dusk, Mr. Hightower would sit in hisold armchair in the backyard and wistfully lose in reminiscence of hisyouth romances. l46F3C|  
A．hopefully          B．reflectively          C．sympathetically          D．irresistibly IcoL/7k3  
17．The prodigal son spent his money extravagantlyand soon after he left home he was reduced to a beggar. ~+np7  
A．lavishly          B．economically          C．thriftily          D．extrovertly h^0mjdSp,  
18．The chimney vomited a cloud ofsmoke. @ubz?5  
A．ignited          B．immersed          C．emitted          D．hugged tQ~B!j]  
19．The rear section of the brain doesnot contract with age, and one can continue living without intellectual oremotional faculties. z )pV $  
A．advanced          B．growing          C．front          D．back L&N"&\K2U  
o/zCXZnw#  
zebra   斑马 3PA'Uk"5Z  
doze    打盹  B~NC  
yearling  一岁家畜 O$H150,Q  
duckling   小鸭子 C#~MR+;  
yield屈服,生产 RrHnDO'  
unyielding  不屈不挠的 if
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eggshell  蛋壳 4B]61|A  
eggwhite  蛋清 2jW>uk 4/i  
yolk  蛋黄 RF)B4D-W  
yeast  酵母,发酵粉 Vi#im`@  
x=acec uc oc icien    生产，制造，做 QVW6S
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defect  毛病，缺陷  <yS"c5D6  
sunsea seed earth OD]J@m  
sense理智 .NT&>X~.V  
sensibility  情感 w4'K2 7  
constitute  组成，构成 >t2b?(h/x  
constitution宪法 WQpJd7
  
prostitute妓女，糟蹋 hPxI& :N  
destitute   困穷的 h`]/3Ma*:  
semen  精子 H040-Q;S'  
insemination  受精 w.aFaR)04  
dissemination  传播 wWw/1i :|'  
sol  唯一的 Wd
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solo独奏，独唱 ~Ls I<
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insulin胰岛素 |V\.[F2Fe  
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Section A 9yo[T( 8  
Directions:In this section all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases, markedA, B, C, and D, are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word orphrase that best completes the sentence. Then, mark your answer on the ANSWERSHEET. .p9h$z^  
Section A o:DBOpS  
Directions:In this section all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases markedA, B, C and D, are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word orphrase that best completes the sentence. Then mark your answer on the ANSWERSHEET. ]8>UII,US  
1．we are all overwhelmed with morefacts and information than we can possibly ______ HQ`nq~%&(  
A．feed           B．maintain        C．absorb        D．consume q;../h]Ne  
2．pleasure, or joy, is vital to ______health. G=!bM(]R~  
A．optimistic     B．optional         C．optimal       D．operational %4|}&,%%r  
3．A ______ effort is required toachieve health. fC GDL6E  
A．committed     B．restricted       C．composed  D．sophisticated 7]xz8t  
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4．A person's belief ______ and colorshis experience. gQd=0"MV  
A．contradicts    B．shapes           C．summarizes    D．exchanges |vDoqlW  
5．Many professors encourage studentsto question and ______ their ideas 3b)
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A．convey         B．voice             C．challenge       D．conform K: o|kd  
6．You are healthy when are ______your outer and inner environments. QGv:h[b_  
A．in relation to                       B．with regard to iC|6roO!jk  
C．in contrast with                     D．in harmony with mGpkM?Y"  
7．Good health is a spirited ______ ofenergy ,smooth skin, strong, supple limbs, and a positive joy in life. Rc:cVK  
A．texture       B．mix               C．burst          D．peak Q`p}X&^a  
8．The ______ of emotional andpsychiatric disorders that can prompt person to seek therapy is wide. g1 Wtu*K3  
A．formula        B．coverage          C．interval        D．spectrum <aSL m=  
9．Work is a ______ of satisfaction. @)Hbgkdi  
A．measure        B．terminal         C．source         D．resource &>zy_)  
10．If you ______ a heart-attack orstroke victim who needs your assistance, your first response should be to staycalm and urge bystanders to call for an ambulance. TaQ "G  
A．find out      B．go into           C．pass by        D．come across #!=>muZt  
11．Today people still don't makehealth a(n) ______ because they have no time. u5XU`!  
A．privilege      B．issue             C．principle       D．priority j&[3Be'pQ  
12．Mental exercise can favorably ______the structure of the brain just as physical exercise can change one's bodilyproportions. kLPO+lg+  
A．modify       B．adjust            C．develop        D．contrast :S99}pgY  
13．The distinctions between thedifferent schools and approaches are often very ______ 1_j<%1{sZ  
A．subtle        B．sufficient         C．superficial.     D．superior d% _78nOh"  
14．Despite the limitations of astandard CT, it does a ______ job of picture the internal anatomy of the body. Ca5Sc, no  
A．supreme      B．superb           C．sufficient       D．superfluous 1YIux,2\  
15．The city government is getting itsresidents to properly ______ their garbage. Y6f+__O  
A．break up     B．dispose of        C．check out      D．hand out _]=TFz2O  
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Part B Jp.3KA>  
Directions:Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined. There are fourother words or phrases beneath each sentence. Choose the word or phrase thatwould best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it were substituted forthe underlined part. Mark your answer of the ANSWER SHEET. im4e!gRE  
16．The recent deterioration inthe economy is of great concern to the government. ~E3SC@KL  
A．depression   B．deficiency        C．degeneration   D．deformity 1fO2)$Y  
17．A substantial hike in the top rateof income tax would not solve this problem but merely aggravate the nation'salready waning support. 3D$\y~HU  
A．depreciating    B．warning          C．declining      D．startlingl e"o6C\c  
18．He was not conspicuouslyhairy nor shiny-bald, but his hair was graying and receding tactfully inkeeping with his age. RP`GG+K  
A．prominently.     B．warily            C．consciously    D．conventionally vh. Wm?
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19．The water company is obliged tomaintain a supply of wholesome water 8tT&BmT  
A．available      B．hydraulic.        C．balanced       D．hygienic. EG(`E9DZ  
20．Smoking makes one six times morelikely to get oral cancer partly because the smoke constantly assaultsthe tissues that line the mouth and throat. o&hKg#nO83  
A．detects       B．contaminates     C．occupies       D．attacks W>q*.9}Y"  
21．Most organisms must fit in withtheir surroundings because their skills to alter their environment arerestricted and highly specialized. RFZU}.*K$  
A．attach themselves to               B．succumb to U!a!|s>  
C．lean on                             D．adapt themselves to !!-}ttFA  
22．Instead of being recycled, garbageis left to accumulate in insanitary heaps which attract flies and spreadinfectious diseases. ;l/}O
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A．innocuous    B．gathering         C．filthy          D．inflammable. ;<bj{#mMv  
23．The prevalence of highlyintelligent devices has eliminated the handicaps associated with mostdisabilities .-('C> @  
A．disadvantages     B．dispositions     C．disappointment    D．discomforts &prdlh=UE  
24．In general, lasers operate bycreating an intense amount of light and energy which is then convertedinto heat and used to control bleeding or destroy diseased tissue. G|QUujl  
A．developed     B．reduced           C．transformed    D．decoded ^MWEfPt  
25．Shyness, the most common form ofsocial anxiety, occurs when a person's apprehensions are so great that they inhibithis making an expected or desired social response. gZ`32fB%  
A．discharge     B．trigger            C．restrain        D．defer 2y9:'c|  
26．The secret to turning a dailystroll into a meaningful form of exercise is to pick up the pace. xQNw&'|UU  
A．dilate         B．multiply         C．accelerate      D．enlarge TRs[~K)n  
27．How many people know that the term “arthritis”may refer to dozens of defferent types of joint involvement? ^[X|As2  
A．disorder      B．knuckle          C．dislocation     D．therapy N`,7FI}  
28．Amokers are more prone toosteoporosis, a major cause of fractures in old people, particularly post-menopausewomen. 6)=](VmNL`  
A．reliable       B．liable            C．reasonable     D．compatible l?[{?Luq  
29．The project was hampered bya constant stream of visitors. ]k[Q]:q  
A．held up      B．cut off           C．carried out    D．given up egZyng pB  
30．During the summer sessionthere will be a revised schedule of services for the university community. s"I-YFP%c  
A．term         B．climate           C．heat           D．portion 2x7(}+eD  
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Section A ;jRL3gAe)  
Directions: Inthis section all the sentences are incomplete. Four words of phrases, marked A,B, C and D, are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word orphrase that best completes the sentence. Then, mark your answer on the ANSWERSHEET. tj#=%m?8V;  
31．An enormous number of people in theworld's poorest countries do not have clean water or adequate sanitation ______ /[\6oa  
A．capacities       B．facilities       C．authorities       D．warranties -vyIOH,  
32．Family-planing clinics give out ______advices to people who have decided to limit the size of their families. SL[rn<x|  
A．. insensitive     B．interrogative   C．contraceptive     D．communicative (\Rwf}gyR  
33．Caffeine is the ______ drug thatwill just about get you out of the door on time to catch the bus. Hnfvo*6d.e  
A．miracle          B．myth           C．trick             D．legend J}x>~?W  
34．Today investigators are still farfrom ______ a master map of the vasculature of the heart. MC4284A5  
A．constituting     B．decoding      C．drafting          D．encoding Y*5Z)h 1  
35．I have never seen a more caring, ______group of piople in my life. Iv 'RLM  
A．emotional       B．impersonal     C．compulsory       D．compassionate sFbfFUd   
36．By the time I reached my residency,I ______ treated the patient as a whole human being. Wr]O  
A．yearned for      B．broke into     C．pass for          D．made for. e{v,x1Y_z(  
37．We now obtain more than two-thirdsprotein from animal resources, while our grandparents ______ only one-half fromanimal resources. l'|E,N>X  
A．originated       B．digested        C．deprived          D．derived *,E;   
38．Obesity carries an increased riskof ______. nVz5V%a!\q  
A．mortality       B．mobility      C．longevity        D．maternity 77+ |#<J  
39．The best exercise should requirecontinuous ______, rather than frequent stops and starts. N YCj; ,V  
A．compassion     B．acceleration   C．frustration       D．exertion ^$e0t;W=  
40．Environmental officials insist thatsomething be done to ______ acid rain. MB1sQReOO  
A．curb            B．sue            C．detoxify          D．condemn 5iP8D<;o5  
Section B VMaS;)0f@  
Directions:In this section each of the following sentences has a word or phraseunderlined. There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence. Choose theone word or phrase which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence ifit is substituted for the underlined part. Then mark the letter of your choiceon the ANSWER SHEET. #]?tY}~  
41．It would be wildly optimistic tobelieve that these advances offset such a large reduction in farmland. $k
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A．take in         B．make up       C．cut down        D．bring about 3}08RU7[!  
42．To begin with, it is impossible to comeup with a satisfactory definition of what constitutes happy and unhappymarriage. 66/Z\H^d  
A．explain         B．oppose        C．represent        D．propose 9X!ET!  
43．Politicians often use emotionalrather than rational arguments to win the support for their actions andideas. 4S'[\ZJO  
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A．applicable       B．favorable       C．sensitive         D．reasonable _B}9f  
44．Tests are one way for a teacher to assesshow much a student has learned. F|,6N/;!W  
A．observe          B．appraise        C．appreciate         D．induce &j3` )N  
45．Through live television, the worldis now able to witness historical events as they happen. =D{B}=D\IM  
A．reserve          B．confirm         C．perceive           D．transmit  wjL |Z8  
46．Most experts say that the new taxplan will have a negligible effect on the country's economic problems. Y=9qJ`q  
A．indefinite        B．indispensable      C．infinite           D．insignificant mU>&ql?e  
47．I don't know how you could have leftout the most important fact of all. hBjVe?{  
A．omitted          B．fabricated      C．pinpointed        D．embraced tzPC/?  
48．Family and cultural beliefs and normsare important predictors of health-seeking behavior. "t=UX -3  
A．formulations    B．standards      C．principles.       D．notions Sobtz}A*  
49．There must be a systematic approachto retrieving notes and analyzing them. D@#0dDT  
A．regain            B．relieving        C．reversing         D．rectifying p<q] .^M  
50．To study the distribution ofdisease within an area, it is useful to plot the case on a map. UkZ\cc}aC/  
A．mark            B．allocate       C．erase             D．pose {H+?z<BF<  
B=r0?%DX"1  
Part ⅡVocabulary(10%) -xz|ayn  
Section A R+d< fe  
Directions: Inthis section all the sentences are incomplete. Four words of phrases, marked A,B, C and D, are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word orphrase that best completes the sentence. Then, mark your answer on the ANSWERSHEET. @^'$r&M  
31．Sometimes you can get quite ______when you are trying to communicate with someone in English. BMdSf(l  
A．frustrated         B．depressed         C．approved         D．distracted T(JuL<PB  
32．The company has ______ itself to apolicy of equal opportunity for all. vGMJ^q  
A．promised          B．committed         C．attributed        D．converted  La9r  
33．I haven't met anyone ______ the newtax plan. BMpF02Y|4  
A．in honor of        B．in search of        C．in place of        D．in favor of Z2#`}GI_m  
34．Salk won ______ as the scientistwho developed the world's first effective vaccine against polio. 1+a@k  
A．accomplishment                         B．qualification Z["BgEJ  
C．eminence                                D．patent 8bt53ta  
35．This software can be ______ to theneeds of each customer. 5KJ%]B(H2  
A．tailored           B．administrated      C．entailed          D．accustomed d/]
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36．The average commercial business canshut down in such an emergemcy but a hospital doesn't dare, for lives are ______ '#W_boN  
A．in circulation      B．under consideration C．on hand          D．at stake ;SKcbws  
37．As we need plain, ______ food forthe body, so we must have serious reading for the mind. };r|}v !~_  
A．wholesome       B．diet              C．tasteful          D．edible =*O=E@
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38．He never gave much thought to the additionalkilorams he had ______ lately. 3 z=\.R  
A．shown up         B．piled up          C．put on           D．taken on L,$3Yj  
39．The teacher tried hard to read ______handwriting in her students's test papers. hg8Be6G<  
A．irregular          B．illiterate         C．illegible          D．irrational i4<BDX5
 
40．A coronary disease is thewidely-used term ______ insufficiency of blood supply to the heart. UOt8Q0)}  
A．denoting          B．donating          C．relating          D．resorting \(fq8AL?  
Section B W Y:s gG  
Directions:In this section each of the following sentences has a word or phraseunderlined. There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence. Choose theone word or phrase which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence ifit is substituted for the underlined part. Then mark the letter of your choiceon the ANSWER SHEET. Sy  
41．Humans are using up the world'snatural riches at an alarming rate. ^C7C$TZS  
A．appalling         B．appealing         C．alert             D．abnormal kiX%3(  
42．Dring water in many areas of thedeveloping world is contaminated with bacteria． Xa,\E
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A．purified           B．multiplied         C．tainted           D．blended mxp Y&Y  
43．One of the most noticeable featuresof U. S society is the diversity of its people. H\#:,s{1  
A．liberty             B．democracy        C．variety           D．origin e:E# b~{  
44．The controversy aboutabortion has been going on in the United States for mor than twentyyears. .6m_>Y6  
A．resentment        B．consensus          C．notion            D．dispute b\giJ1NJB  
45．As human settlement advance, thetropical forests are retreating and becoming smaller every year. m$:&P|!'p  
A．retrieving         B．sprawling         C．consuming       D．withdrawing R ]P;sk5  
46．The war's impact on the populationof the country was catastrophic. `!i-#~n  
A．influential        B．disastrous         C．apparent         D．criticala ,{KCY[}|  
47．His physican told him that not totake much of the drug because it was very potent. !` 2
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A．bitter             B．irritant            C．effective         D．powerful Js{=i>D  
48．Certain drugs can cause transientside effects, such as sleepiness. d~Mg vh'  
A．permanent         B．residual.      C．irreversible       D．fleeting 1'O0`Me>#  
49．Nervous illness may stem frombeing treated inconsiderately in childhood. {Uq:Xw   
A．complain of       B．give rise to       C．originate in       D．dominate over Gx'TkU=  
50．Both a person's heredity and hissurroundings help to shape his chacter. >qh?L#Fk  
A．form              B．correct             C．modify           D．improve c1%rV`)]  
Vz"u>BP3~  
Section A _~M^ uW^l  
Directions:In this section all the sentences are incomplete. Four words of phrases, markedA, B, C and D, are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word orphrase that best completes the sentence. Then, mark your answer on the ANSWERSHEET. /!T> b:0  
31．All the characters in the play are ______. f*fE};  
A．imaginable      B．imaginary        C．imaginative       D．imagining :2y"3azxk  
32．The judge           all the charges against Smith. ROdK8*jL  
A．dismissed            B．eliminated      C．refused           D． discarded euQ.ArF  
33．The actress ______ the terms of hercontract and was prosecuted by the producer. L`[z[p{?  
A．ignored               B．ratified          C．drafted              D．violated BX< dSK  
34．At this time of the year,university admission offices are ______ with inquires from anxious applicants. JhX=l-?  
A．annoyed            B．thrilled         C． trampled          D．reproached 8C7Z{@A&#  
35．When the former president ______her candidacy, she knew she had a good chance of being elected. TH?9< C-C  
A．enforced            B．endorsed          C．follow up          D．put forward y%cO#P@  
36．The country's highest medal was ______upon him for heroism. &.N$  
A．earned            B．bestowed            C．credited            D．granted 2Z/K(J"&J  
37．The local government leaders aremaking every effort to ______ the problem of poverty. <Q5Le dN  
A．tackle             B．taper            C．suppress           D．tangle q_t4OrLr=  
38．At the party we found that the shygirl ______ her mother all the time. m,_d^  
A．harmonizing with                             B．clinging to Z|*!y]W
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C．depending on                                 D．adjusting to #A<P6zJXR  
39．We managed to reach the top of themountain, and half an hour later we began to ______. *xs!5|n+  
A．decline               B．ascend             C．descend              D．plunge tE"Si<[]H$  
40．Losing the job was bad, but evenworse was the feeling that I had ______ my dear wife and children. <{J5W6  
A．let alone          B．let down        C．let off          D．let up =f7r69I"  
Section B R;}22s  
Directions:In this section each of the following sentences has a word or phraseunderlined. There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence. Choose theone word or phrase which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence ifit is substituted for the underlined part. Then mark the letter of your choiceon the ANSWER SHEET. eon!CE0  
41．The temperature of the atmospherebecomes colder as elevation increase. 0 P|&Pq&IH  
A．altitude             B．aptitude          C．latitude          D．longitude _GoVx=t   
42．She was so stubborn that shewouldn't change her opinions. KMK`F{  
A．unwilling            B．talented           C．obstinate            D．determined [=%YV# O  
43．On Christmas Eve, she spent twohours decorating the room with flower chains. KEr\nKT1  
A．modifying            B．ornamenting        C．disposing             D．packing g:#dl\k  
6Y384  
44．Nobody can stand for long agonyof a severe toothache. q6q1\YB  
A．sufferance      B．suppuration        C．plague                 D．torment s (2GFc  
45．When we recall a story of identicaloffspring of Adolf Hitler being raised in order to further his horrible work,we are outaged. GdmmrfXB  
A．enlightened      B．calmed              C．provoked              D．moved [=TCEU{"~  
46．Only native-born citizens are eligiblefor the US.presidency. +M\8>/0oA  
A．obliged         B．intelligible          C．competent            D．qualified 2#5,MP~r  
47．Tomorrow's match has been calledoff because of the foul weather. -X1X)0v$  
A．prevented          B．delayed            C．cancelled            D．forbidden `,Vv["^PB  
48．Losing his job was a financial catastrophefor his family. n(;:*<Rh  
A．calamity           B．accident          C．frustration          D．depression {Gi h&N  
49．Children were expected to be obedientand contribute to the well-being of the family. )g1a'G  
A．smart           B．efficient          C．painstaking         D．submissive l E# m]D  
50．While many applaud the increasingindividualism and freedom of children within the family, others lamentthe loss of family responsibility and discipline. edC4BHE  
A．mourn             B．delight           C．prosecute           D．condemn dZ(|uC!?  
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