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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 G? "6[w/p  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 y  ZsC>  
  1 、医生 ~sSlfQWMzy  
  ① doctor, medical worker b}9Ry"  
  ② physician 内科医生 yb#NB)+E@  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 iii2nmiK  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 n%]1p36  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生  c6;tbL  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 >?q( )>l  
*;wPAQE  
  2 、医院 d3AOuVUf  
  ① hospital u+GtH;<;  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 lUd/^u`  
  The general hospital 普通医院 "]81+ D  
  The community hospital 社区医院 vcnUb$%  
  The public hospital 公立医院 ++Qg5FukR  
  The private hospital 私立医院 pDO&I]S`q0  
  ② clinc 门诊 p ` )(  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 n0:Y* Op  
  ③ ward 病房 qr[H0f]  
④ medical team 医疗队 -ckk2D?  
g<VJ4TE6R  
3、 医疗手段 u;m[,  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 <J4|FOz!=  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 8_6\>hW&  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 )'BuRN8  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis I6d4<#Q@L  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 KiU/N$ E  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | L|Zja*  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 kGsd3t!'  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 b13XHR)0  
(9)              TCM 中医 og<mFbqkq7  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 7/nnl0u8  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 zi7,? bD  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 cs[_5r&:  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 a[;TUc^I1F  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 Gzxq] Mg  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; +cS%b}O`$  
,f ..46G  
  4 、医疗体制 %$K2$dq5  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 g.![>?2$8  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 W`HO Q  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 FV>j !>Y  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 TX7B(JZD  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 T~B'- >O  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 ^MJTlRUb  
|3\$\qa  
  5 、医德 t[Dg)adc  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 TG ,T>'   
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 f( (p\ &y  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 C1 qyjlR  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 %si5cc?  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 UO%Vu C5B  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 }2qmL$  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量  q0Rd^c  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people 4}nsW}jCc  
_ PC}`Y'&  
  6 、病人 YXC?q  
  (1 )patient )*&I|L<1  
  (2 )the sick ).+!/x  
  (3 )the invalid SZ+<0Y |  
  (4) sufferer I W_:nm6  
   ![H!Y W'  
(二)疾病 gR `:)>  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 =6#tJgg8  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) #UN(R  
  (2) contract (v ) 1c=Roiq  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 Ln;jB&t  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 B"O5P>  
/f!_dJ^  
  2 、必知疾病名称 vfT<%Kl!'  
  heart disease 心脏病 + ~ro*{3  
  hypertension 高血压 g%w@v$  
  kidney problem 肾病 W-Cf#o  
  stroke 中风 Z-m,~Hh  
    shock 休克 }z&P^p)R  
  the blood pressure 血压 OwGl&  
  diabetes 糖尿病 an3HKfv  
  obesity 肥胖 fSp(}'m2L  
  terminal illness 绝症 r;w_B %9  
  incurable illness 不治之症 `4s5yNUi=  
  cancer 癌症 D %LM"p  
  tumor 肿瘤 5|1&s3/f  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 x&R&\}@G m  
  emergency case 急症 K@VXFV  
  serious illness 重症 a<Pi J?  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 *Rshzv[  
  short breath 短气 pooi8" G  
  syndrome 综合症 lg;Y}?P  
  complications 并发症 X.s? =6}g  
  process 病程 ;-=y}DK  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 ^Gv<Xl  
short-sighted (adj)近视 {R8Q`2R  
h. i&[RnX  
  3、传染病 N(&FATZUW  
  (1) 感染源 &7Ixf?e!K  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 (Wq9YDD@  
  (2 )传染疾病 ^yK94U;<Gy  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 V@>?lv(\  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 8tA.d.8  
  infection contagion 传染病 /F;*[JZIb  
  infectious diseases 传染病 Ef,@}S  
  AIDS 艾滋病 U_}$QW0'  
  SARS 7gVWu"  
  (3) 传染 Qb|w\xT^Y  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 iqy}|xAU  
  block the channel (v) K+v 250J$-  
  disseminate 传播 iLmU|jdE  
cross infection 交叉感染 1 9 k$)m  
VdeK~#k  
  5 、疾病、病痛 ]`. d%Vx  
  illness !'{j"tv  
  sickness K6Gc)jp:b  
  disease =\XAD+  
  ailment h.?[1hT4R  
suffering izC >-  
=k$d8g ez  
  6 、疾病的转归 8 W$="s2  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 $AXz/fGV  
  recover recovery E`?BaCrG~  
  recuperate )K?GAj]Pq  
  resume 9Np0<e3p  
  recruit J,D{dYLDD  
  reinstate gMGg9U$@  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 DY07?x7  
  deteriorate I L\mFjZ'  
  aggravate Dw #&x/G  
  exasperate DA wzXsx  
  make worse 6=g7|}  
  worsen K%gFD?{^q  
   @\h(s#sn  
    7、其他相关词汇 nB]Q^~jX  
  outbreak and spending +,-r b  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 |{ [i M  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 )aC+qhh  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 z K(5&u  
  taboo 禁忌 ^~aSrREo  
  speed up blood circulation (v) I;v`o{  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) /trc&V  
  side effects 副反应 uUe\[-~  
complain of 主述 +o3g]0  
#~+#72+x7  
   U %ESuq#  
(三)药物 SRTpE,  
  1 、药物名称 *o[%?$8T  
  medicine \zi3.;9|;  
  drug #$w#"Nr9k  
  remedy sb @hGS  
  medicinal herbs {K:Utdu($q  
  power j;v%4G  
  tablet 7fay:_  
pill  UTQKlwPa  
o"FiM5L^.  
  2 、药物用法 sAoM=n}!  
  开药 : .$0Ob<.  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases Qs9U&*L  
  write out a proscription 5}xni  
  服药 wYA/<0'yH  
  take a medicine nb_^3K]r  
  治…的疾病 qffSq](D .  
a remedy for some diseases Qe$>Jv5  
yim$y, =d  
3 、其他相关词汇 :bRR(sP  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 _IV@^v  
  side effects 副反应 4E-A@FR  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 B21AcE  
  drugstore 药房 'ZH<g8:=@  
  over the counter 非处方药 $Oe58  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 "qTC(F9N$.  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 \678Nx  
  prescription 处方 IR dz(~CP  
  expenses for medicine 药费 @'r`(o3z!Z  
  charges for medicine *:T>~ilF  
drug rebate 药品回扣 ^q&wITGI  
V2s}<uG  
   dA)4(0o8fD  
(四)心理疾病 Sd\IGy{a  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 %wjB)Mae  
  subhealth 亚健康 UI<PNQvo9  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 bj7MzlGFy  
  psychological problem 心理问题 L.0} UXd  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 Jh&~/ntmm_  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 9O=05CQ  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 K_&c5(-(_  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 1>@]@ST[:  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 [  t  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 11B{gUv.]  
psychological expert 心理专家 c#n4zdQd]5  
lpfwlB'~9  
  2 、情绪词汇 5xMA~I0c  
  overcome tIxhSI^  
  disappoint 8g[ (nxI~  
  disappointed ~ ^rey  
  shy , u+mjguIv  
  flush G>=9 gSLM  
  frustration N"YK@)*Q  
  failure 6[+\CS7Lt  
  willpower --in+  
  optimism U6c)"^\  
  optimistic xb4Pt`x)rS  
  be sensitive to o,?!"*EP  
  nervous +"k.E x0:  
  tensional TqS2!/jp  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic 2wB.S_4"-<  
  confident confidence BCBEX&0hk{  
  stress pressure +<pVf%u5  
  depress depressed XMt u"K  
  depression depressive XOu+&wOu  
   P7's8KOoS  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 ! G*&4V3Mg  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary f"vk# 3  
   6D/uo$1Y  
(五)肥胖与营养 7sXy`+TZ->  
  1 、营养物质 d2RnQA  
  nutrient 营养素 A/!<kp{S  
  protein 蛋白质 +C'XS{K,#  
  fat 脂肪 /r276Q  
  glucose 葡萄糖 ):3MYSqX  
  vitamin 维生素 \,2gTi,=  
  sugar 糖类 NeHx2m+  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 E(_ KN[}S  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 Nu@5 kwH  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 _l<mu?"  
cholesterol胆固醇 [q1Unm  
\SOeTn+  
  2 、营养与饮食 IhE9snJ[  
  a well-balanced diet rIVvO  
  nutrition 营养 \b$<J.3  
  nutritional 营养的 'G8 ?'u_)  
Rv<L#!; t  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 ?KB@Zm+#~  
wX0l?xdI  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall F}'wH-qp  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase d`Oe_<  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; !" E-\cc'  
4.       食品安全 food safety @r<b :?u  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies 'w.} 2(  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to RBE7485  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU ,[X_]e;  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system b9uBdo@o  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care 1k[GuG%/K  
10.   服务体系service system A 8eJE>g1J  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene MQ`%``  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. ` 1+%}}!$u  
13.   清淡的lite Yw)Fbt^  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet '#D8*OP^  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN ".P){Dep$4  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 | -+zofx  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; ]Blf9h7  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease bd== +   
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; >o/95xk2  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion (3;@^S4&w  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" EzpFOqJG  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission Ef@,hX  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D b>11h  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate tFM$#JN  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness L/Vx~r`P  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s :iPy m}CE  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse $yu?.b 9H#  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to qCPmbg  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – t ls60h  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver N#ioJ^}n:  
31.   血压 hypertension  L,LNv  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon Z(GfK0vU  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 ](jFwxU  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [  QLKK.]  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 <AoXEu D  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health @It>*B yB.  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds Jkt4@h2Q}  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations |j~lkzPnV  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle $XnPwOj  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 cr;`Tl~}s  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people 0<p{BL 8  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent a;AzY'R  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from `'S0*kMT  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to w3T]H_V  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to /RnTQ4   
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to  |a^U]  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive 9ooY? J  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak muON> ^MbC  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly l@Z6do  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations ),}AI/j;zY  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon _ QOZ sEe  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate +j14Q$  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy m"eteA,"k_  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances q!~ -(&S  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance q'[}9e`Q  
56.   退休养老金retirement n W#fZ1E6  
57.   医疗改革health care reform >R,'5:Rw  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity & WOiik  
59.   月经期menstrual period S VSX@e|Nj  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace =<@2#E)  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care p /Sbt/R  
62.   安乐死euthanasia URgk^nt2p  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill "^j>tii  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! BAj-akc f  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient _Q%vK*n  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. 0-Y:v(|.  
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