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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 SSTn |  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 U;*t5l  
  1 、医生 BlZB8KI~  
  ① doctor, medical worker Hz[1c4)'F  
  ② physician 内科医生 N$v_z>6Z  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 Y0-?"R8  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 Mw"[2PA  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 w ^^l,  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 tZm`(2S  
Ek Rx/  
  2 、医院 KKb7dZbt<  
  ① hospital GA` bWl  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 #8 ^b]  
  The general hospital 普通医院 *GY8#Az  
  The community hospital 社区医院 t^>P,%$  
  The public hospital 公立医院 \,n X/f  
  The private hospital 私立医院 w8j pOvj  
  ② clinc 门诊 r#_0_I1[  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 =sv?))b`  
  ③ ward 病房 <n2'm  
④ medical team 医疗队 .@EzHe ^W  
/.rj\,  
3、 医疗手段 OC-d5P  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 bG*l_  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 hVT>HER  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 ]9'F<T= $_  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis <0hVDk~  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 i$}G[v<4  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | -kP2 Brm  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 n ~&ssFC  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 Y#-c<o}f  
(9)              TCM 中医 \>EUa}%xn  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 vO"E4s  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 q3-cWfU  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 CN-4FI)1D9  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 t4~?m{  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 2\O!vp>|-  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; {- MhhRa5  
[!} uj`e  
  4 、医疗体制 =KnHa.%  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 _x`:Ne?  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 ]^a{?2 ei  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 GIR12%-EO  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 7-9HCP  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 v"J|Ebx  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 ?ia O6HD  
?4Zo0DiUB  
  5 、医德 vDc&m  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 W%9"E??c  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 MSt@yKq  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 9!D c=  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 C$v !emu  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 HNfd[#gV  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 O0mQHpi:  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 z}7U>y6`  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people &=.7-iC|W  
j2%#xZ{33  
  6 、病人 6wyhL-{:  
  (1 )patient "LVN:|!  
  (2 )the sick byj7c(  
  (3 )the invalid L0xh?B  
  (4) sufferer 3 :!5 ]  
   e= _7Q.cn  
(二)疾病 x[YW 3nF  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 ]B-3Lh  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) zLVk7u{e  
  (2) contract (v ) &vS@-K  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 p/&s-G F  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 ltG|#(  
nA XWbavY  
  2 、必知疾病名称 5!^?H"#c  
  heart disease 心脏病 Y\7/`ty  
  hypertension 高血压 'fY( Vm  
  kidney problem 肾病 {FNq&)#`  
  stroke 中风 1FmqNf:V7I  
    shock 休克 6AL Ud^  
  the blood pressure 血压 r#' E;Yx  
  diabetes 糖尿病 %(n^re uP  
  obesity 肥胖 +h? z7ZY^  
  terminal illness 绝症 i?pC[Ao-_  
  incurable illness 不治之症 ( G#W6  
  cancer 癌症 &IgH]?t  
  tumor 肿瘤 t:.ZvA3  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 }=JuC+#~n  
  emergency case 急症 Y!L<& sl   
  serious illness 重症 :\8&Th}Se  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 5Dlx]_  
  short breath 短气 -z$&lP]  
  syndrome 综合症 &C7HG^;W9  
  complications 并发症 X mX .)h'Y  
  process 病程 v&*}O  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 j >t*k!db  
short-sighted (adj)近视 (N25.}8Y  
Rk.GrLp  
  3、传染病 #[{xEVf  
  (1) 感染源 eEG]JH  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 '}q1 F<&  
  (2 )传染疾病 &,B 91H*#  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 ^  M4-O~  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 qxe%RYdA'j  
  infection contagion 传染病 hMiuv_EO!  
  infectious diseases 传染病 ^."HD(  
  AIDS 艾滋病 2dF:;k k  
  SARS uJ!yM;{+  
  (3) 传染 Xqac$%[3  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 HKdR?HM1  
  block the channel (v) {PCf'n  
  disseminate 传播 xf.2Ig  
cross infection 交叉感染 KQ x<{-G6  
F& 'HZX  
  5 、疾病、病痛 S}hg*mWn{$  
  illness E+&]96*Lby  
  sickness 2.K"+%  
  disease a'v%bL;H~  
  ailment L^`oJ9k!  
suffering D^Z~>D6  
%V$ujun`  
  6 、疾病的转归 Wb4%=2Qn  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 Xm`K@hJ@  
  recover recovery hfvs' .  
  recuperate XU0"f!23x  
  resume Ej1 [ry  
  recruit dBG]J18  
  reinstate !UUh7'W4u  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 U6=m4]~Z  
  deteriorate ,>(M5\Z/c  
  aggravate nm'm*sU\  
  exasperate 7$GP#V1r/  
  make worse /]xd[^  
  worsen CSU>nIE0  
   HIh oYSwB  
    7、其他相关词汇 ;T52 aX  
  outbreak and spending wq]nz!  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 Mdwh-Cis/  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 & 8&WY1cU  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 v!`M=0k  
  taboo 禁忌 "Ln\ZYB]  
  speed up blood circulation (v) y6j TT%  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) R1q04Zj{2  
  side effects 副反应 3YT _GW{  
complain of 主述 xEiW]Eo  
n6uobo-  
   d#z67Nl6  
(三)药物 /r?X33D!  
  1 、药物名称 q{_buTARq  
  medicine Aqm0|GlJ  
  drug }M~AkJL  
  remedy G![1+2p:Tq  
  medicinal herbs p{U8z\  
  power QDDSJ>l5_T  
  tablet 0!zWXKX  
pill 5s|gKM  
@rdC/=Y[  
  2 、药物用法 d8K^`k+x  
  开药 : "h#=ctCx"  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases &, )tD62s  
  write out a proscription u J$"2<O  
  服药 mU_O64  
  take a medicine qnlj~]NV  
  治…的疾病 =sm(Z ;"  
a remedy for some diseases a"zoDD/  
(/Mc$V  
3 、其他相关词汇 8 ?$2;uGL  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 l1??b  
  side effects 副反应 wfdFGoy(  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 oK>,MdB  
  drugstore 药房 P8jK yo  
  over the counter 非处方药 =bDG|:+  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 (pmo[2kg  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 piP8ObGjy  
  prescription 处方 >W;i2%T  
  expenses for medicine 药费 X=3@M_Jzo  
  charges for medicine 82X.  
drug rebate 药品回扣 {OOt+U!  
~K9U0ypH  
   H [D/Sz5`  
(四)心理疾病 }]I?vyQ#V  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 OL rD4 e  
  subhealth 亚健康 L3AwL)I   
  psychological benefits 心理健康 \ax% I)3  
  psychological problem 心理问题 ^NDX4d;  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 `xUPML-  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 $T6Qg(p  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 `dP+5u!  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 Rs`a@ Fn  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 B5:g{,C  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 -`OR6jd  
psychological expert 心理专家 ozC!q)j  
~7pjk  
  2 、情绪词汇 :OCux Sc%5  
  overcome aLi_Hrb9  
  disappoint ;YDF*~9u  
  disappointed b`W*vduf  
  shy , ,g_onfY  
  flush X5Y `(/V  
  frustration PuCDsojclh  
  failure 61W/BU7O  
  willpower cTd;p>:>m  
  optimism "F$o!Vk  
  optimistic cEc,eq|  
  be sensitive to W[E3P,XS  
  nervous JhCkkw  
  tensional ~59`S#ax/l  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic @GQ8q]N:<  
  confident confidence g'ZMV6b?K  
  stress pressure RP,:[}mPl  
  depress depressed yd ND$@; Z  
  depression depressive 5 n+ e  
   #M?F^u[  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 Sf&?3a+f  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary 8b:clvh  
   AB"1(PbG  
(五)肥胖与营养 NdsX*o@a  
  1 、营养物质 -/UXd4S  
  nutrient 营养素 jefNiEE[  
  protein 蛋白质 >H}jR[H'  
  fat 脂肪 >AQ) x  
  glucose 葡萄糖 b+IOh|  
  vitamin 维生素 N&fW9s}  
  sugar 糖类 PNbcy!\U  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 > 'aG /(  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 7-".!M  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 %'L].+$t  
cholesterol胆固醇 894r;UA7  
=`qRu  
  2 、营养与饮食 s~=KhP~  
  a well-balanced diet L#`2.nU  
  nutrition 营养 * A?8F"6>  
  nutritional 营养的 FZe:co8Mu  
_urG_~q  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 ud0QZ X  
Dv<wge`  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall >=if8t!  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase JY{X,?s  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; X<(6T  
4.       食品安全 food safety 8y$5oD6g9  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies -=>sTMWpr  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to h`=r )D  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU jcE Msc  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system '%R<"  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care swt tp`  
10.   服务体系service system A PPEq6}  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene <mL%P`Jj  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. z. 'Fv7  
13.   清淡的lite >w9sE8i  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet rn;<HT  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN FC{})|yh }  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 :$Q`>k7A  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; I!P4(3skAB  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease D&/I1=\(  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; 2HD:JdL  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion LT/mb2  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" k)cP! %z  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission O5zE {#  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D 6#U^< `  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate h$>wv`  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness  lbTV$A  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s [KSH~:h:NR  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse yrnv!moc%t  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to BgM%+b8u  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – 1yM r~Fo  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver d1c0l{JV3  
31.   血压 hypertension l(!/Q|Q|  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon H}/05e  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8  .t =  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ ]A^4}CK^<  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 6@V~0DG  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health Ls}7VKl'   
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds hr/o<#OW  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations IeP WOpj3  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle }r%X`i|  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 esX)"_xf  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people n}?wVfEy  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent &%mXYj3y5  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from />44]A<  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to F(,UA+$A  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to 2 =iH$v  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to 5Qh ?>n>*  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive CAD@XZSh  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak OI}cs2m  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly {{yZ@> o6  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations ,Lr<)p  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon _zWfI.o  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate m3<+yz$!r  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy Iw<i@=V  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances Yz$3;  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance }g7]?Ee  
56.   退休养老金retirement n re?s.djT  
57.   医疗改革health care reform $(e#aHB  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity sZGj"_-Hzu  
59.   月经期menstrual period S 9d[5{" 2j  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace )B,|@ynu  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care +l3=3  
62.   安乐死euthanasia n_ lo`  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill 1$qh`<\  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! om?-WJI  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient WOuEW w=  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. _4^R9Bt  
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