医学博士英语写作总结 \=_8G:1
$%E9^F
一、原则与要求：不直译原文，抓主要论点，果断舍弃次要内容，突出新点，论点清晰,主要写中长句子！！2－5个长句！不写或少写短句！！一般真题范例在10－15句左右。 Y5NbY02E
?dmMGm0T9
二、现场写作技巧 $ i&$ZdX
-# o+x Jj
①划线，划出实质性，实词性句子。②翻译标题，有标题就译，没有标题不能加。③末尾重复标题，首尾呼应。 NY;UI (<]
#,PAM.rH
精简医学考博写作常用核心词汇 e>> G4g
[s34N+vU
1.下降、减少 reduction，decrease，decline，diminution, drop，descend，go / come down，fall；上升、增加rise; go up; ascend；increase; "^ = [*i
0;H6b=
2.禽流感 H1N1 flu bird flu/avian flu;食品安全 food safety; _ ]S6>
tZYI{ m{
3.公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies; 应急反应 immediate response to; vg.%. ~!9
R>U<8z"i
4.关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being; }
>w
LA?\~rh!
5.城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system 0xxzhlKNL
^0|NmMJ]
6.预防保健Disease Prevention and Health care，服务体系service system； :|M/+XPu
mCt>s9a)H
7.讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene；个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 8$v7|S6 z
KYu(H[a
8.lite清淡的；protein-complemented diet蛋白添加饮食； z;C=d(|nN
6}T%m?/ }
9.preventive initiatives=preventive measures预防的措施 3N N'E$"3
ij i.3-
10.人畜共患病zoonosis＝anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病， ]X~g@O{>_
M#cr*%
11.虫媒insect pollination；虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease： (`]*Y(/2G
8>{W :?I
12.肾病综合征：nephrotic/renal syndrome； iL_F*iK
5
d
`kM 0C
13.epidemic hemorrhagic fever 流行性出血热； b!X "2'
W
Q}!]$<"y
14.爆发流行：break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of,explosion R5eB,FN
5g1M_8e'+
15.传染：infect/infection/infectious,communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable； }=hoATs
<i'u 96
communicable可传达的, 会传染的, 爱说话的[医] 有传染性的; d BMe`hM)
MpA;cw]cI/
communicative a. 健谈的, 爱说话的, 交际的 Nr24[e
G>d
>_`D 3 @Rz
16.传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind；person to person transmission em1cc,
`cP'~OT
17.传播,散布：diffuse，prevalence，spread，transmit，disseminate，propagate/ propagation Yxd{&47
d{yIy'+0/
18.污染pollution/ pollute，contamination/contaminate :@ E1Pun?
h
??C4z
19.福祉 well-being, happiness； qEJ8o.D-=
$%
Ci8p
20.衰老grow old；aging；consenescence；senility；senile /> 3
0TO
_1 0D
21.from bad to worse每况愈下；akin to=similar to 相似的；Purulent脓的,化脓的 5e)6ua ,
VyWYfPK
22.脂肪肝fatty liver; 血压 hypertension A~S
L5h
)@]6 =*%
23.肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon；亚健康 sub-health +9zJlL^A%
dK}WM46$
24.过劳死 karoshi; death from overwork ]3t1=+
rFmKmV
25.长期以来 for a long time ; over the years +Y>"/i.
N
[1b6#I"x
26.养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health kmlG3hO R,
l'*^$qc
27.分类 be divided into＝fall into three categories＝be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.＝be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds. fvc W'T}r
'tb(J3Z P
28.基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations； qzA`d
5rX
H2q f'
基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle; 5 Vp;dc
T'ED$}N>~
29.morals,morality,ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面，指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准，尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为，或用道德标准衡量某事，既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面，指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为，常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 j G-
*16 <M)7
30.民众the (general) public，the masses of the people，the common people；合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; coagent; 5D,.^a1 A
C:`;d& d
31.死亡人数death toll，deaths，the number of people killed in/dying from Rn`ld@=p[
q7X}MAW
The death toll is expected to rise. The death toll continues to rise. E7Ibp79}N
+I t#Z3
There have been more deaths from drowning. AXwaVLEBQ
I @ 2 uF-
How much is the death toll? 死亡人数是多少？ 9O;cJ)tXY
GCDwWCxh
32.归结为 boil down to；come down to； z{9=1XY
dsJm>U
)
归因为/归功于 be attributable to、be attributed to、ascribe or attribute… to、owe…to; *G9sy_
Cyq?5\ a
归咎于lay or put the blame on sb、blame…on、ascribe or attribute… to、impute… to。 pkJ /oT
.evbE O 5
33.大规模on a large scale，extensive，large-scale，massive；大规模流行 large-scale transmission，become a pandemic，massive attack/outbreak lbQQ tpEKO
\v+u;6cx_
34.表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly; "(v%1tGk
H~noJIw#
因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations; ='Q{R*u
}Gu mpT$Xw
孤立现象an isolated phenomenon； 8) N@qUV
q2hFOm
复杂的complicated，complex，sophisticated，intricate； As~(7?]r
NQfYxB1Yr:
极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy。 [}OgSP9i
?+ ~cA^-3T
35.低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances； #sTEQjJ,J
^Dg <Ki
养老保险 endowment insurance； N|mJg[j@7
<F;v`h|+S
退休养老金retirement pension； aZ X mlq
}lP;U $
Health Care Reform医疗改革 ?WUF!Jk
>5hhd 38
36.激烈运动strenuous exercise；vigorous activity； X
T[zj <&_
,HB2 hHD
37.月经期menstrual period =-K Mb`xT
JTU#vq:TY
38.生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace J-xS:Ha'l
p5\]5bb
39.婴幼儿保健the infant health care : i~W
} r
>&,[H:
Z
40.安乐死euthanasia； 9Fo fr
@%/]Q<<q
41.得绝症的terminally ill； @L/o\pvc
rit
BU:6
42.临终关怀=Hospice Care=end-of-life care Yd
Ept AI
K+*Q@R D
濒临死亡的病人：dying patients，terminally ill patients，incurable patient =,y |00l
{@W93=Vq8
43.Secondhand Smoking ，also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. ^3VR-u <O
S! Rc|6y%
'e) ^m}:?D
kIHDeo%K}
