考博英语语法重点总结 V,c^Vq y
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独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 %q;y74
独立主格特征 FxK!h.C.
1. 充当句子的状语。 vNdX
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 $}S0
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3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 @44*<!da
4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） |cu KC \
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. D8E^[w!
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. #fx"tx6
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). ~^'t70 :D
真题剖析 (Lj*FXmz
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. w&es N$2
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because Cl& )#
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. n++ak\
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be fo>_*6i74
虚拟语气 wM;=^br
虚拟语气（2） &F[N$6:v
1. （should）+动词原形 h5aPRPU g
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 ;.$vDin6
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 AhjCRYk+
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 =mcQe^M
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 XS&;8 PO
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 x|^p9m"=%
would rather +动词过去式 ?TW? 2+
真题剖析 |VyN>&r~6
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … 1Zo3K<*J
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t # X{lV]Z
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. $kR%G {j 4
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded YF;2jl Nm
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. Yyw3+3
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take C4-%|+Q i
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. qI74a F
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) dIQ3snG
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should 6*|EB| %n
非谓语动词 zY4y]k8D*
动名词、分词、不定式。 XA69t2J~F
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) n7
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发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) Rp_ }_h
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To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 *J4 \KU
真题剖析 +j8-l-o
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. 3|URlz
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops i~4$V
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. d:z7
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59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative k$7Kz"
主谓一致 z<. 6jx@
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 Jep/%cT$w
How you got there doesn’t concern me. 7< ?Aou
Growing vegetables needs constant watering.
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2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 a72L%oJ
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. `w "ooK
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 N=!k2+
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 G/1V4-@
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). B6!ni@$M8X
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 _znn `_N:v
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. a3 t||@v!
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) y]ya.YG
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） uUv^]B 8GM
He no less than John is interested in literature. ORIX cj]
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等)
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Either my father or my brothers are coming. ^/$ U(4
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。
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Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. T& E' MB
真题剖析 GM0pHmC
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. Dv=pX.Z+
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some ,@8*c0Y~<!
倒装 u&o<>d;)
全部倒装 H5A7EZq}`
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” <;!# +|L/
There stand big buildings in this district. ~8lB#NuN
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. % hRH80W|
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) )6U^!95
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. m P./e8
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 9H
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In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. gt(!I^LHYc
4. 表语位于句首 =$< .:b
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. 6{[ uCxxl
Not far from here is a famous university. ByjgM`
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 3?wL)6Uj8J
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. AK$i0Rn;pm
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. z3|5 E#m
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） )H*BTfmt
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. %Lfy!] Ru
部分倒装 VV i3g
1. 疑问句 i[ n3ILn
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） xyi4U(;
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. %u*H No
3. “only+状语”位于句首 qo
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Only when he comes back can be leave. T2ZN=
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4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 b}m@2DR'|m
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. ,egbU (:l
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) xc1-( $Q,
By no means should you break the rules. 7_ 5-gt D
At no time should we give in to difficulties. &MJ`rj[%
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) aj$&~-/
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7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” )3)fq:[
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. *XluVochrb
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house. $`"$ZI6[
