英语中基本句式 eZ+6U`^t
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英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: p0WUF\
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S十V主谓结构 #-\5O
S十V十F主系表结构 tj'~RQvO
S十V十O主谓宾结构 t^KQ*8clG
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 |$b8(g$s)
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 p<=Lh47 =
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 /wLGf]0
五个基本句式详细解释如下: MzX&|wimb
1.S十V句式 ZX` \so,&,
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: |~e"i<G#
He runs quickly. 0-S.G38{
他跑得快。 60vmjm Xl
They listened carefully. zXx/\B$&d*
他们听得很仔细。 .Pponmy
He suffered from cold and hunger. (考试大) Vf&U`K
他挨冻受饿。 >j
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China belongs to the third world country. zPa2fS8
中国属于第三世界国家。 b^Z2Vf:k]
The gas has given out. 1hY| XZ%qd
煤气用完了。 46}U+>
My ink has run out. Yi%lWbr
我的钢笔水用完了。 /"8e,
2.S十V十P句式 Jg;[k
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: UeO/<ml3>J
He is older than he looks. P!W%KobZ7|
他比看上去要老。 {6v.(Zlh$
He seen interested in the book. `FPQOa*%3
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 =O }^2OARo
The story sounds interesting.
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这个故事听起来有趣。 x(TF4W=j
The desk feels hard. n?fy@R
书桌摸起来很硬。 %]_: \!
The cake tastes nice. x#EE_i/W
饼尝起来很香。 o1ZVEvp
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. Wlhh0uy
花闻起来香甜。 zWC| Qe
You have grown taller than before. ~#sD2b`0
你长得比以前高了。 yjjq&Cn
He has suddenly fallen ill.(examda) YGo?%.X
他突然病倒了。 :hZM$4
He stood quite still. N:<$]x>
他静静地站看。 TmG);B}
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. .G[/4h :.
他长大后当了教师。 e_=K0fFz
He could never turn traitor to his country. Y)1/fEM
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 c*)T4n[e
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: Zk=,`sBC
He looked me up and down. ..}P$
他上下打量我。 )dkU4]
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. =P(*j7=
他伸出手来摸象。 q6>eb
They are tasting the fish. -!PJHCLd
他们在品尝鱼。 %y RGN
They grow rice in their home town. 1CB&z@
他们在家乡种水稻。 pp@
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He's got a chair to sit on. t1?aw<
他有椅子坐。 p /
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Please turn the sentence into English. B7 s{yb
请把这个句于泽成英语。 ab6I*DbF
3.S十V十O句式 ).71gp@&
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: MNu0t\`p4
I saw a film yesterday. 1{a%V
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我昨天看了一部电影。 sy"}25s
Have you read the story? JIyS e:p3
你读过这个故事吗? (uC8M,I\
They found their home easily. a:cci?cb
他们很容易找到他们的家。 PT~htG<Fw
They built a house last year. {:1j>4m2
他们去年建了一所房子。 .
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They've put up a factory in the village. oqJYbim
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 zy,SL
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They have taken good care of the children. Jy(G
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这些孩子他们照看得很好。 :c/54Ss~
You should look after your children well. q94;x|63
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 ?AyxRbk
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 &aRL}#U
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: 'I$FOH
He gave me a book/a book to me. KsKE#])&l
他给我一本书。 ]hS:0QE
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. ,6>3aD1w~q
他带给我一枝钢笔。 k6bct@7
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. ~Zr}QO}G
他把座位让给我。 Pxr/*X
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: "6jt$-?
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. cUR :a@
妈妈给我买了一本书。 Py; 5z
He got me a chair/a chair for me. <st<oR'
他给我弄了一把椅子。 oP,*H6)i
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. R #wZW&N
请帮我一下。 DkWp
He asked me a question/a question of me. =o9s?vOJ
他问我个问题。 P*&[9)d6
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: MH.+pqIv^
They robbed the old man of his money. ]yPK}u
他们抢了老人的钱。 D>5)',D8xi
He's warned me of the danger. HA0!>_I dC
他警告我注意危险。 )gd
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The doctor has cured him of his disease. JK!(\Ae.
医生治好了他的病。 g7zl5^o3j
We must rid the house of th erats. @\g}I`_M
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 PLz{EQ[cV
They deprived him of his right to speak. m \)B=H!bz
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 D)-LZbPa
5.S十V十O十C句式 3=
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在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 !P{ /;Q
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 .+9*5
They made the girl angry. zx$YNjeV
他们使这个女孩生气了。 (u 7Lh>6%
They found her happy that day. ql@2<V{
他们发现那天她很高兴。 S>dHBR#AD
I found him out. li%@HdA!
我发现他出去了。 %NkiY iA
I saw him in. ={BC0,
我见他在家。 *
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They saw a foot mark in the sand. }n&nuaj
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 ,WE2.MWR
They named the boy Charlie. JzEg`Sn^
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 z-
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I saw him come in and go out. ~u*4k:2H
我见他进来又出去。 sK%b16#
They felt the car moving fast. P.YT
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他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 x;W!sO@$
I heard the glass broken just now. %i?
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 9po=[{Bp
He found the doctor of study closed to him. Pjh;;k|V
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。 ZW?h\0Hh
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