英语中基本句式 4:vTxNs&S
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英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: 6b?`:$Cw3)
S十V主谓结构 Y4#y3
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S十V十F主系表结构 =fl%8"%N&
S十V十O主谓宾结构 lv4(4
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S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 naz:A
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 0
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说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 U98_M)-%&
五个基本句式详细解释如下: |olNA*4
1.S十V句式 pOMgEEhfS
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: o{V#f_o
He runs quickly. nbGoJC:U
他跑得快。 K;x~&G0=
They listened carefully. *g1L$FBG
他们听得很仔细。 w
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He suffered from cold and hunger. (考试大) <Nex8fiJ9
他挨冻受饿。 xO7Yt
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China belongs to the third world country. x;j{}
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中国属于第三世界国家。 D`Gt
The gas has given out. IIxJ
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煤气用完了。 ?Ko|dmX
My ink has run out. *69c-`o
我的钢笔水用完了。 0z`/Hn
2.S十V十P句式 +I52EXo
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: H4:ZTl_$
He is older than he looks. +8AvTSgX%
他比看上去要老。 h*Je35
He seen interested in the book. ^s{hs(8%R
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 x=]S.XI
The story sounds interesting. \9)#l#m
这个故事听起来有趣。 jl}$HEI5m}
The desk feels hard. & Kmy}q
书桌摸起来很硬。 C>
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The cake tastes nice. /0lC KU!=
饼尝起来很香。 7,'kpyCj
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. qu~X.
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花闻起来香甜。 .Evy_o\^
You have grown taller than before. T8XY fcc*h
你长得比以前高了。 DlTR|(AL
He has suddenly fallen ill.(examda) /ty?<24ko
他突然病倒了。 t6lE#<xZV;
He stood quite still. s8<gK.atl
他静静地站看。 ~/-eyxLTm
He becomes a teacher when he grew up.
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他长大后当了教师。 0C
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He could never turn traitor to his country. C#Bz>2;#
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 Ug%_@t/?
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: sL^yB
He looked me up and down. SJ?)%[(T
他上下打量我。 }|wv]U~
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. D'_Bz8H!p
他伸出手来摸象。 m:+8J,jW
They are tasting the fish. -YGbfd<wq
他们在品尝鱼。 $m| V :/
They grow rice in their home town. ?KE$r~dn
他们在家乡种水稻。 J
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He's got a chair to sit on. F<&!b2)ML
他有椅子坐。 ,!#ccv+Vm%
Please turn the sentence into English. _5Bcwa/
请把这个句于泽成英语。 \2C`<h$fN
3.S十V十O句式 Iah[j,]r
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: /+]s.V.
I saw a film yesterday. BJ}D%nm}
我昨天看了一部电影。 DKL@wr}8
Have you read the story? |N /G'>TS
你读过这个故事吗? ,m3e?j@;r
They found their home easily. 'tgKe!-@
他们很容易找到他们的家。 H}}$V7]^),
They built a house last year. _qwQ;!9
他们去年建了一所房子。 r,1e 'd:
They've put up a factory in the village. ~&dyRtW4
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 Sjj>#}U
They have taken good care of the children. 56lCwXCgA
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 \Q?ip&R
You should look after your children well. 9pn>-1N
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你应该好好照看你的孩子。 <W8t|jt
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 /6uT6G+(z}
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: }Db[ 4
He gave me a book/a book to me. (& "su3z
他给我一本书。 *D}0[|
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He brought me a pen/a pen to me. ;ea]$9
他带给我一枝钢笔。 |~`as(@Ih
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. 7w:ef0S
他把座位让给我。 {Bs~lC$
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: !l?.5Pm])
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. (/d5UIM{&
妈妈给我买了一本书。 k %e^kej
He got me a chair/a chair for me. /@ !CKh`
他给我弄了一把椅子。 v,-{Z1N%m
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. >WJf=F`_H
请帮我一下。 ,u }XWV
He asked me a question/a question of me. @bM2{Rh:
他问我个问题。 .;y#
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: s4Sd>D7
They robbed the old man of his money. jUv!9Y}F
他们抢了老人的钱。 B[=(#W
He's warned me of the danger. fx=Awba
他警告我注意危险。 #/"8F O%~p
The doctor has cured him of his disease. }I|u'#n_
医生治好了他的病。 v(*C
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We must rid the house of th erats. IEKU-k7}Z
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 8h3=b[
They deprived him of his right to speak. *D o/+[Ae
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 ,fK3ZC
5.S十V十O十C句式 R>DaOH2K*
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 8^Hn"v
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 L;gO;vO
They made the girl angry. l"\~yNgk
他们使这个女孩生气了。 A7(hw~+@
They found her happy that day. 2*(Z==XC7
他们发现那天她很高兴。 lb'GXd %
I found him out. [:xiZ
我发现他出去了。 1;Pv0&[q/
I saw him in. (D@A74q\'
我见他在家。 $P1O>x>LIL
They saw a foot mark in the sand. y5Tlpi`g
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 gp$Ucfu'
They named the boy Charlie. TCT57P#b
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 )c l5B{1P
I saw him come in and go out. S1D@vnZ3O\
我见他进来又出去。 ]skkoM
They felt the car moving fast. B||;'
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 5 H#W[^s"
I heard the glass broken just now. ,f1q)Qf
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 _EF&A-kX|u
He found the doctor of study closed to him. tzy'G"P|
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。 )sho*;_o
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