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 考博英语语法归纳
英语语法归纳 jyC6:BNust
一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式 7[)(;-
Gl:AS PZ6 2．被动形式 ooQ( bF
l&B'.6XKs R"`{E,yj "b4iOp&:= v CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 0!`7kZrN v 时间状语从句当中的时态： 2j1v.% Tj5@OcA$ F
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x 5 一般过去时 所有的过去 f*{;\n (.t 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 v qMk)htIz 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 `e>F<{
M6@ 一．非谓语动词 &\|<3 sd(
一．不定式： &xroms"S=
2Q|*xd4B^ 一）不定式的常考形式： E :=KH\2f
+W N>9V0H 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. hRIS [#z;U 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. &iy(oM 语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生 3H#/u! W
p]z54 ~ 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. u;ooDIq@ 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. ZQ-` l:G 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 ([dL:Fb
8~(+[[TQ@ 二）不定式常考的考点： &Z;8J @
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@N 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 8G l5)= 2
e$+f~~K 2）不定式做状语----目的 U"y'Kd
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U$9cTY 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. Z F yX@#B9
#C;zS9(]B 三)不定式的省略 %>9+1lUhV
b}&7~4zw 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel MRg\FR 2>1
j)tC r Py + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； X]pWvQ Q] + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 U]! .~ji3
I saw him work in the garden yesterday. )Z8"uRTb0
D PS1GO * 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) Bw]L2=d I saw him working in the garden yesterday. ;Ma/b= Y 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） B= =a v 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. ,;cel^.b 2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to 4&oXy,8LC
?dKa;0\ I ‘d like to have John do it. &ap`}^8pM
b1+hr(kMRM I have my package weighed. S GBVR ^
I`"-$99|t1 Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. jW1 YTQ
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k hj 3; 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do +Y5(hjE
t(j_eq}J 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： oP=T6PX~l
z{`6# want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do j(Fa=pi force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do N
/sEec be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do 4V 228>9w ! [a/kj 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式 / 63 W\
%= "~\1y accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to. g{A3W) [ b 三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。 :cXIO
-SQJH}zCT+ He needs (a lot of) encouraging. qE# &
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i O %Zd[ 二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词 JHvFIo
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Zk .]b 1)是名词 seeing is believing E6'8Zb 2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary. | `_ < @b 一)动名词的形式: u;+%Qh
$xRo<,OV+ 一般形式：I don't like you smoking. jo,6Aog|u 完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice. @D fkGm[% 被动形式：This question is far from being settled. $"Y3mD}?L 二) 动名词常考的点 /{fZH,!L
%'{V%IXQ 1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数 gf
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((-aC` 2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词 {[Uti^)m%
CCuxC9i7 3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语. beJZ pg
Y[f,ia I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon． m5e\rMN~>\ A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对） jmR hAJV I regret not having taken your advice. CHPL>'NJzc 4)有些词后只能接动名词 $|Q".dD
|*%/ovg+ admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand... @ L\-ZWq 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法： sk#9x`Rw it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point... hbV E;
9 :L]-'\y B`LD7]ew 5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可 86/. 8
b+W)2rFO remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。 cE^kpnVq|<
?x:m;z / I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作) 1W*V2` 0>
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du^ I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作) (g Lea
ex.+'m<g forgot与remember的用法类似。 {" :c@I I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你… Pl_^n Fm0
% =y;L:S\p I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。 5$anqGw try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness. P2O\!'aEh
bdCyk G- try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day. iA]DE`S
wq cDAO ( I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。 >xZ5 ac
I To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。 2v4W6R prefer的用法：
l@xWQj9 我宁愿在这里等。 +.=1^+a I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。） \Ps5H5Qk; I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。） TM)u?t+[ I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。） w:v=se"U Cc2MY m8
Vu=] O/ =P 3 分词： >d#3|;RY
7"#f!. E
现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态 iM
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现在分词的形式: "$r 1$mBi
1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生) Z4#v~!
2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前) C\OECVT
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3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动) 02(h={
过去分词 !W ~QT}
1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared. 7|Xe &o <n
2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做) &~'S)Nun
这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。 PYu$1o9+N
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