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 考博英语语法归纳
英语语法归纳 f)~j'e
一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式 3#=%2\
3WOm`< 2．被动形式 %^zGM^PD
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Jg| P&2/J%@zG v CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 0;6 ^fiSY; v 时间状语从句当中的时态： FKVf_Ncf% ~A-1x!YiU !I UH 5 一般过去时 所有的过去
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#65 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 Q 9C; _Up 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 l^WPv/}? 一．非谓语动词 A]WR
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一．不定式： JPt0k
FsXqF&{ 一）不定式的常考形式： hOTqbd}
]"DsZI-glW 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. CdFr
YL+F 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. ~,:
FZ1wh 语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生 omEnIfQSO
q, ->E<8 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. v_s( 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. { :~&#D 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 qL
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} c1?:8p 二）不定式常考的考点： 8E:d!?<^&I
O*%@(w 6 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 PE7D)!d
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WdvXVF 2）不定式做状语----目的 m0(]%Kdw
= "N?v- 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. F]4JemSjK
mO1r~-~AJ 三)不定式的省略 /ivA[ LSS
+l8 `o QuG 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel `ywI+^b
I\FBf&~ + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； ]3/_?n-"` + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 B{^ojV;]m I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 3{j&J -
Q Jnji 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) {|Pg]#Wi& I saw him working in the garden yesterday. 1m5 =Nu 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） (*CGZDg v 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. *;noZ9{"+ 2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to GO II
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e~+VN4D&b> I ‘d like to have John do it. ;: /< XfZ
* t-Wol I have my package weighed. NPFrn[M$
pg4J)<t# Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. e/{1u$
-x)zyq 6 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do wACx}'+M
Jn/"(mM 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： '0juZ~>}
Z|h&Zd1z want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do s?JNc4q force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do D@]*{WO be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do <1L?Xhoc6 EC]b]'._ 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式 &QoV(%:]
)0Lno| l accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to. eVVm"96Q.; 三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。 h)MU^aP
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% He needs (a lot of) encouraging. PS13h_j NFEF{|}BM
Rqk;!N 二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词 %p R: .u|
#} )OnM^], 1)是名词 seeing is believing =Z($n: m=* 2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary. m o$`a6[h< 一)动名词的形式: 7<ZP (I5X
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一般形式：I don't like you smoking.
5$(qnOi 完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice. }=+J&c R 被动形式：This question is far from being settled. ~ PO)>; 二) 动名词常考的点 D]{#!w(d
123 6W+ 1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数 s Y^#I
LFi 8@ 2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词 7B|ddi7Q>
s bxOnw P\ 3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语. .5i\L OTd
/!V) 2j, I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon． ' : }
A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对） P|>pm ]>C
I regret not having taken your advice. wRa$b 4)有些词后只能接动名词 3rF=u:r7 c
th$?#4SbR admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand... 'Mfn:n+ 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法： u~WE} VC it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point... 9]{(~=D7 \c"{V-#o\ |KV|x ^fJ 5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可 D*Cn
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oi@hZniP? remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。 1ZUmMa1(
b,Z\{M:f;F I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作) d]
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5uVSbo. I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作) !\)9fOLs
jkzC^aG forgot与remember的用法类似。 z A ~aiX I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你… MJ=(rp=YU9
&jg..R I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。 $CgJ+ua\8 try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness. 8P kw '.r
I;Sg 9`k= try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day. 4i DlB
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#@i1jZ I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。 u _;&+o2 To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。 zKnHo:SV prefer的用法： V
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_W&Nwd 我宁愿在这里等。 ;Q1/53Y< I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。） ?3I93Bt7 I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。） gbC! >L V I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。） i*T>, z z_A:MoYf o
BEm~o#D 3 分词： rA">< pH
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现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态 T% opkyP>=
现在分词的形式: na%DF@Rt#
1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生) wva| TZ
2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前) 7AOjlC9R}
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3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动) *Dz<
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过去分词 Z7Y+rP[l
1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared. 1]yjhw9g
2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做) HxH.=M8S_
这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。 Dd=iYM m7
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