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 考博英语语法归纳
英语语法归纳 8zj
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一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式 `?JrC3
2L<TqC{,- 2．被动形式 pF !vW
(CV=0{] A~>= l= X9j+$X \j v CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 7q=0]Hrg(D v 时间状语从句当中的时态： jYF3u0
) 4{g|$@s( &O,$l3 P 一般过去时 所有的过去 AF}"
用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 M[{:o/]<
现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 J;`~
!g 一．非谓语动词 WXU6 J?tIm
一．不定式： <k6xScy$}
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|e> 一）不定式的常考形式： ^ym{DSx
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pTr- 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. Qknc.Z} 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. | hM) e*" 语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生 R-fjxM*
bicL %I2h 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. pQ{t< > 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. f :5/y^ M& 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 F `.7_D
Dys"|,F 二）不定式常考的考点： iXRt9)M T{
MA# !<b(' 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 );DIrA
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{Aeg 2）不定式做状语----目的 F@bCm+z-
{VG[m@ 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. R7c)C8/~
F$ p*G][ 三)不定式的省略 ldvxYq<:
F)ld@Ydk= 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel 4(GgaQFO?
^>{;9 lo< + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； B^~Bv!tHWr + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 fZ:rz;tM I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 4$GRCq5N;
)ZyuF(C& 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) %]$p ^m I saw him working in the garden yesterday. T8TsKjqOZ 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） 6 Ok=q:; v 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. ]m#M
wN$ 2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to 7h&`BS
E(kb!Rz I ‘d like to have John do it. x&oBO{LNK,
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& b I have my package weighed. ::R
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y & =19 A# Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. *([)X2A@+
bok 74U] 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do !Fg4Au
p't :bR 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： -hFyqIJW
7O9hn2?e want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do {!e ANm' force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do 6?.pKFB Z be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do -YjgS/g P(gVF
|J? 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式 Z t+FRR=
V;hwAQbF accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to. z vb} p 三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。 d J%Rk#?;A
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n\Q6f+ He needs (a lot of) encouraging. ?7nr\g"g( "3i80R\w`F
=6:L + V 二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词 q&Tn>B
YaNH.$.: 1)是名词 seeing is believing vuo'"^ =p0 2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary. [&pW&>p3 一)动名词的形式: P
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r2GK _$vd 一般形式：I don't like you smoking. w0j/\XN 2s 完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice. MYhx'[4[3 被动形式：This question is far from being settled. :IVk_[s 二) 动名词常考的点 .Y(lB=pV
f7Df %&d 1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数 U7B/t3,=U
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~p 2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词 *|k;a]H T
<wt$Gglk 3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语. %/y`<l
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{+"g':>< I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon． )XP#W|; A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对） 2<'`^AO@ I regret not having taken your advice. k6O. H 4)有些词后只能接动名词 (rr}Pv%yb
8VP"ydg-U admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand... ;NH~9# t: 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法： H\fcY p6 it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point... 69C8-fF0[I aUW/1nQHa wqlcLIJPR 5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可 o3n3
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IV{FH&t^T" remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。 X"[dQ_o
=n-z;/NL I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作) ,Z>wbMJig
M o}H_8y I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作) _+ twq i
u1 2zRdn forgot与remember的用法类似。 %won=TG8 I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你… V43nws "4
tTotPPZf} I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。 ],8;eq%W) try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness. F =XF]
M@|w[ydQG try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day. N-[n \}'
XQ]`&w( I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。 W* k` To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。 NQ? x8h3 prefer的用法： Kw
)K A^KF 我宁愿在这里等。 ZP"yq6!i I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。） RCzV5g I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。） wL;]1&Qq I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。） EMLx?JnP ?^|QiuU:n
Vo%Yf9C 3 分词： J"-_{)0lD
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现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态 @7-= zt+f
现在分词的形式: hp*<x4%*a"
1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生) q0Xoj__c!A
2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前) lr WLN
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3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动) c15r':.5
过去分词
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1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared. 0Q'v H Z"
2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做) Km,*)X.-5
这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。 !i^]UN
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