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 考博英语语法归纳
英语语法归纳 e>^R 8qM ?
一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式 E)P1`X
(+_J0i t 2．被动形式 I_G>W3
LG# w/).^ i. u15$ ~e`;" n@4 v CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 lYZ@a4TA v 时间状语从句当中的时态： p21=$?k!; s;_#7x# F@ _Egi 一般过去时 所有的过去 EAC(^+15K 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 1FD7~S| 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 Pzk[^z$C 一．非谓语动词 ^b"x| 8
一．不定式： |%:q hs,
tv@Z 5 一）不定式的常考形式： k5fH ;
AF*ni~ 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. n~"g'Y 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.
+eDN,iv 语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生 =0 C l
{p#l!P/ 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. GG@I!2,_ 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. B7Ki @) 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 ) T .pjl
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T 二）不定式常考的考点： k\mXo-:V6
E,*JPK-A x 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 5b F9I H
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ROsFh 2）不定式做状语----目的 Jo7fxWO_g
Z%Tq1O 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. +X* F<6mZ
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Sf 三)不定式的省略
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hb /8Q 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel dJ dD"xj
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iOw0z + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； ]Wy^Vcq X + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 W\I$`gyC/ I saw him work in the garden yesterday. ql!5m\
&K9VEMCEX 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) 1zb$5 {,| I saw him working in the garden yesterday. ) > >u|#@z 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） MAuM)8_P/| v 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. |QnUK5D$ 2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to f0 -R hR
9O),/SH;: I ‘d like to have John do it. iyA*J CD
#t"9TP I have my package weighed. *)j@G:
pj!k |F9 Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. z{Hz;m:*_
sl~b\j 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do Q9` s_4
98D{{j92 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如：
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want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do 1k!D0f3qb force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do @Djs[Cs<* be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do }R`8h&J \ua9thOG 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式 lKf Mp1
FpP\-+S l accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to. 08`f7[JQo] 三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。 XZF%0g2$b
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qO@A1 Hq He needs (a lot of) encouraging. 8r2XGR ri_P;#lz
^%-NPo< 二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词 (&q@~
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g* %bzfk=| 1)是名词 seeing is believing >r~0SMQr 2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary. CP}0Ri) 一)动名词的形式: ZmNZS0j
7^HpVcSM 一般形式：I don't like you smoking. yxq Tm%?y 完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice. [70Y,,w 被动形式：This question is far from being settled. TV?
^c?{5 二) 动名词常考的点 XnD0eua#
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`lDWL 1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数 &.hoC Po$
X#VEA=4 { 2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词 S45 'j(S=
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"qs) 3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语. D^$]>-^
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2 W I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon． FZeP<Ban A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对） O(odNQy~ I regret not having taken your advice. R3cg 2H 4)有些词后只能接动名词 '\@W N]
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Qi@>v|d admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand... R !9qQn? 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法： 1p~5h(jI it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point... >cTjA): {QMN=O&n )x)gHY8; 5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可 $<:'!#%
,?I(/jI remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。 GZ
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C[R`Ml I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作) SijS5irfk
X h`" I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作) =88t*dH(,"
/;7ID41 forgot与remember的用法类似。 4'` C1 a I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你… *N`;I@Q"[
:1*zr I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。 zs0hXxTY: try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness. QTfu: m{
i2 `# try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day. YroNpu]s
FZH-q!"^cK I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。 Hk~k@W ft To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。 r,Ds [s)B prefer的用法： # 3.
\j"b 我宁愿在这里等。 d- h"JZ9 I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。） ;$z7[+
M I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。） E0<)oQ0Xa> I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。） *Wso3 6an ^EuW(
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_, /u_ 3 分词： /LF3O~Go
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现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态 e "~)Utk
现在分词的形式: bNXAU\M^
1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生) |A C6sfA+
2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前) .&PzkqWZ
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3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动) :/i~y $t
过去分词 m:3J!1
1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared. LXNQb6!
2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做) &XtRLt gS
这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。 {+Sq<J_`M
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