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 考博英语语法归纳
英语语法归纳 9JFN8Gf*)
一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式 #I=EYl=Vvi
irQ'Rm [ 2．被动形式 {L;sF=d
4.,EK w3 l]|&j`'O TU?n;h#TZ v CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 HVv m3qu4 v 时间状语从句当中的时态： Mzg3i* Jha*BaD~N zpT{! V 一般过去时 所有的过去 6iQqOAG 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 gs2qLb 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 a?Om;-i2`S 一．非谓语动词 toF6 Z
一．不定式： lU |ltnU
~(m6dPm$}m 一）不定式的常考形式： -C^qN7Bz
)FB<gCh7X 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. ~=wBF 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. EHe-w C 语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生 )P1N X"A
,_,7c or 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. ,[m4+6G5 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. gKU*@`6G 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 ,^xsdqpe
nkk GJV! 二）不定式常考的考点： }xrrHp
YS"76FJ 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 lSId<v?C>
;c~DBJg'| 2）不定式做状语----目的 s|!b: Ms`
1 _W5@) 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. U|h@Pw z
I(WND/ & 三)不定式的省略 `|JQ)
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NOmSLIgt7 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel EZiGi[t7
o9HDxS$~^ + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性；
aEZn6k1 + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 oB Bdk@ I saw him work in the garden yesterday. u=
+
4_I,wG@ 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) Q+ST8 I saw him working in the garden yesterday. <u($!ATb 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） Z*e7W O. v 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. C1rCKKh 2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to s*#|EdD6@
+o w
^xiD I ‘d like to have John do it. {}^ELw
L,4 ^Of I have my package weighed. 17Gdu[E
|95/'a* Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. kWz%v
22r01qH 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do t@ JPnA7~
0 De M 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： YXg
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7Y*m_AhxJ want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do I !<v$ force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do NU( /Yit be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do ,] { NZ9 v(7A=/W_ 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式 4vQHr!$Ep
9cmJD5OO accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to. Yr= mLT|JN 三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。 B;~agr
ge oN4 He needs (a lot of) encouraging. C|J1x4sb@ ^Q, /C8qeb
Lb{D5k*XU 二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词 L G|,g3&
Xh/av[Q 1)是名词 seeing is believing U.F65KaKF 2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary. NFc8"7Mz} 一)动名词的形式: Q8q_w2s,
Wd5t,8*8 一般形式：I don't like you smoking. R7{hoqI2 完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice. 6<Wr
8u, 被动形式：This question is far from being settled. ~&:R\ 二) 动名词常考的点 1W[(+TZ&s
OP}p; ( 1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数 l7!)#^`2_
|u;PU`^-z 2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词 >pvg0Fh
Gnt!!1_8L 3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语. r_E)HL/A
30E v" I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon． # :w2Hf6Q A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对） z44~5J] I regret not having taken your advice. ^(*O$N*# 4)有些词后只能接动名词 /$,=>
QS*cd|7J; admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand... AuipK*&g 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法： =>\-ma+ it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point... p30&JJ!~" DF|s,J`98 :qTcxzV 5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可 ;;hyjFGq%
.4FcZJvy remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。 f bTw6Fde$
jZT :-w I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作) RL
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?VP !1O =J I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作) Guw|00w,Q$
UW[{d/.wC forgot与remember的用法类似。 35 5Sd;* I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你… s[2ZxCrCw
!FO^:V<|5 I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。 v
F6* c try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness. tb?F}MEe
wEnuUC4j try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day. m_! vIUOz
3R%UPT0> I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。 Ig Vo%)n To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。 w-H%B`/ prefer的用法： s'aV q B 我宁愿在这里等。 r ctSS:1 I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。） (ND5CKCR^ I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。） P A 6KX5 I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。） _m7U-;G V(2j*2R!
,]uX:h-EM 3 分词： nRXSW&V"m
/ }nrF4S
现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态 833 %H`jQc
现在分词的形式: fEj9R@u+h
1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生) EO].qN-8
2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前) I>H;o{X#
HC J 8@nki
3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动)
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过去分词 29Z!p2{hk
1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared. ntj`+7mw
2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做) >lraYMc<rZ
这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。 BEXQTM3])I
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