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 考博英语语法归纳
英语语法归纳 B3^ 4 ,'
一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式 "sf]I[a
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h 2．被动形式 67Ai.3dR
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h Zia v CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 )`^t,x<S v 时间状语从句当中的时态： +BM (0M+ IC/'<%k yEy
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PCJ& 一般过去时 所有的过去 91r#lDR 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 Ezm ~SY 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 d5%A64? 一．非谓语动词 ]6p?mBuQ
一．不定式： ykx jT@[
k(><kuJ`3 一）不定式的常考形式： %: N6#;l M
v1QE|@ 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. $985q@pV0 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. j{IAZs#@> 语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生 @/ wJW`` ;
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Ng 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. Z [yQKy 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. ^*
^te+N 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 amK?LDf]
~C{d2i 二）不定式常考的考点： tEf_XBjKV
Q_euNoA0 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 D:U:( pg
5*{U! ${a 2）不定式做状语----目的 4$+1jjC]>~
4iBp!k7 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. ((\s4-
0"(5\T 三)不定式的省略 GN /]^{D
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Oz<w 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel 3<1Uq3 Pa
ce\]o^4 + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； ~z$ vF + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 yo`Jp$G I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 9 R uj_U
`@b+'L 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) k]!Fh^O~, I saw him working in the garden yesterday. >c*}Do{lG 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） tI|?k(D v 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. 2--" @@ 2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to !jL|HwlA
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YGUB%A I ‘d like to have John do it. Q"n*`#Yt'
r5h}o )J I have my package weighed. ~^cx a%
Q3vC^}Dmr Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. 0tv"tA;
M>VT$!Lx 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do w$WN` =
i\lur ET 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如：
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GoP,_sd\O want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do 5@ecZ2`)+h force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do "K
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JUXpl be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do ;UTT>j
3o&PVU? Q 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式 rVgz+'rFD[
}CnqJ@>C5 accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to. 2A7
g}V 三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。 LW< DhMV
,e{( r0 He needs (a lot of) encouraging. sVtx h] ]#=43
xP%`QTl\ 二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词 tgX
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[,[;'::=o4 1)是名词 seeing is believing _i{$5JJ+K2 2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary. 8 #fz L7 一)动名词的形式: |g<1n
0vOt. LC/S 一般形式：I don't like you smoking. 5[l9`Cn&A 完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice. l^aG"")TH. 被动形式：This question is far from being settled. v
H/<!jtI 二) 动名词常考的点 9s\(yC8h
gM_z`H 5[! 1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数 w@RVg*`%7D
Yoi M\gw 2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词 vJ5` :4n"
;AyE(|U+ 3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语. k[lYd k
/N6sH!w I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon． 62lG,y_L A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对） n5CjwLgu\b I regret not having taken your advice. "#bL/b'{ 4)有些词后只能接动名词 [U+ 6Tj,
BG:l Zj'I admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand... vlYDhjZk# 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法： 3=o^Vv it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point... 0tbximmDb 9F+i+(\,b =
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U^pT 5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可 0v6(A4Y
! K? o H remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。 48X;
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+ I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作) &8!* u3
8joJ e>9VJ I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作) :$Lu
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'G1~\CT forgot与remember的用法类似。 \m @8$MK I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你… 4^H(p
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Whu I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。 BNU]NcA#*, try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness. {XYv &K
KQsS)ju try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day. u@d`$]/>F
v5 "5UPi- I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。 vn;_|NeSf To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。 Zw(*q?9\ prefer的用法： uS
:3Yo 我宁愿在这里等。 e-<fkU9^W I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。） =x
"N 0p I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。） ,=KJ7zIK? I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。） 9 k.LV/Y T
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CL/8p; 3 分词： rtcY(5Q
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现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态 eK\ O >
现在分词的形式: k>#,1GbNZy
1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生) :HhLc'1Jw
2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前) "El$Sat`
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3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动) NC ::;e
过去分词 ?}^e,.M0?s
1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared. j6Acd~y\2
2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做) K V ^ `
这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。 -[OGZP`8
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