过去分词与形容词的语义差： {0A[v}X ~
1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things }QWTPRn
the destructive power of modern weapons DmXDg7y7s
Damaged: being in a bad state X>6 ~{3
emotionally damaged children zCGmn& *M
2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements (
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He’s one of the most respected managers in the game. T4H oSei
Respectful: feeling or showing respect I7q?V1f u4
They listened in respectful silence. !d bA (
3. Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides. uwH)/BW)[
Preferable: A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby. 9p[W :)P4d
Preferential: Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment. <D;H} ef
4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights. ~G{$ P'[
Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative. # )PGQ)(
5.Loving: She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother. M|Dwk3#
Lovable: a sweet lovable child xPfnyAo?%z
Lovely: We had a lovely holiday. \6`%NhkM_
6. Tolerated: While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone. y1\^
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Tolerant: trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds 1)/T.q<D"
Tolerable: All in all, it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford. tZNad
虚拟语气 f<> YYeY
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 )Py+jc.
1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 G%p!os\>
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 od5w9E.
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) l6`d48U
It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) 3ciVjH>i
(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 )(ZPSg$/F
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 H8t{ >C)]
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验) ' 9p5UC
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) XM@- Y&c$A
（3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 }_kI>
It took me only five minutes to finish the job. 2$i 0yPv
2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 ,Y\4xg*`
(1)不定式作表语 Etr8lm E
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 {u_k\m[Y
To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 SK c
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What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。 dpGQ0EzH^
2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。 n"d)
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 u.L8tR:(
To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。 v$Y1+Ep9
3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 g 2 { ?EP
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 U9p.Dh~)vG
The function of Louis Sullivan’s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. |7Xpb
The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant． zS"zb
(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 >/H
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Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。 *6x ^w %=A
His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮。 )|^<w
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(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。 zm3MOH^a
People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake. < ,cIc]eX
His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected． M Xt +
(3)分词作表语 gS< {ekN
分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有： <:;:*s3]
interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的 ~S=fMv^BR
exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的 UE `4$^qs
delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的 0)Xue9AS
disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 D%Jc?6/I#3
encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 }!7D F
pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的 K#C56k q&
puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的 t?H;iBrpxd
satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的 f,
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surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的 8J?`_
worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的 A8Z?[,Mq!
Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。 {f-/,g~
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。 SU}oKii
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The argument is very convincing．他的论点很令人信服。 j nA_!;b
They were very excited at the news．听到这个消息，他们非常激动。 <9.7 gwz E
3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 otH[?c?BT
英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求： EC!Cv;'
(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 (5D
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1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 #~-&&S4a.J
attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视
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afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 Y {|~A
arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲，打算 Y+`-~ 88
begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略，漏 x|i3e& D
appear似乎，显得 determine决定 manage设法 JEF7hJz~
cease停止 hate憎恨，厌恶 pretend假装 '2J6%Gg
ask问 dread害怕 need需要 o@` E.4
agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 MkGq%AE`Y
swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 ^PR ,TR.
bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 k^\ &.63(
beg请求 fail不能 plan计划 ?BvI /H5d
bother扰乱；烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢，宁愿 m7eIhmP
care关心，喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 SFgIY]
decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉，遗憾 &j@J <*k
choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 >!F ,y3"5S
claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺，允许 ^? xJpr%)
start开始 undertake承接 want想要 )j|y.[
consent同意，赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝 iT9Ex9RL
decide决定 learn学习 vow起 |ylTy B
contrive设法，图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 ftuQ"Ds
