过去分词与形容词的语义差： AD
1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things )CXlPbhY?
the destructive power of modern weapons `0upm%A
Damaged: being in a bad state Zb o 4{.#
emotionally damaged children @3n!5XM{EE
2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements a" s2N %{
He’s one of the most respected managers in the game. 60{G
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Respectful: feeling or showing respect DN^+"_:TB
They listened in respectful silence. Rk9n,"xpv
3. Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides. q}i#XQ U
Preferable: A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby. ^ E%R5JN
Preferential: Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment. gV)/lDEM5
4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights. gLMb,buqC
Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative. .*NPoW4Kv
5.Loving: She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother. MTt8O+J?P~
Lovable: a sweet lovable child J5 a8U&A
Lovely: We had a lovely holiday. Jk{SlH3'
6. Tolerated: While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone. km>ZhsqD
Tolerant: trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds )EMl GM'2q
Tolerable: All in all, it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford. Dp ['U
虚拟语气 3ZT3I1/D
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 e&ti (Q=
1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 4UbqYl3 |a
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 )4fQ~)
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) &SIf |IX.
It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) *v#V%_ o
(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 @oY+b!L
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 5_A*I C]
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验) CeU=
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Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) ^vm6JWwN0B
（3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 =
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It took me only five minutes to finish the job. Z<<=2Xl(
2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 r5[pT(XT]
(1)不定式作表语 kjQW9QJ<
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 ~%lUzabMa
To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 FzOWM7+\
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。 ,e|"p[z ~T
2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。 iWWt
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To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 ; O w s8
To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。 +hKU]DP2;
3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 ]
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His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 Ij O
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The function of Louis Sullivan’s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. zT}vaU 6
The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant． hrJ(] [8
(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 Zs|Ga, T
Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。 @=z.^I30
His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮。 AEM;ZQU
(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。 yQ^, >eh
People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake. WnGi;AGH=1
His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected． t+ d7{&B
(3)分词作表语 rF}Q(<Y8 6
分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有： A *
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interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的 5"G-r._
exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的 [So1`IA6
delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的 m< #^c?u
disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 X'\h^\yOo
encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 6d5J*y2
pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的 hMz)l\0
puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的 y 4@g w.pt
satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的 @J>JZ7m]\
surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的 bxwwYSS
worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的 ) RT Wt`
Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。 AB 3OG*C9
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。 %MGt3)
The argument is very convincing．他的论点很令人信服。 7l/ZRz }1
They were very excited at the news．听到这个消息，他们非常激动。 &N= vs
3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 WC=d @d)M
英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求： n8)
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(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 f|_\GVW
1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 2?6]Xbs{
attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 oR~d<^z(
afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 h*
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arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲，打算 '
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begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略，漏 |,=^P` #%
appear似乎，显得 determine决定 manage设法 \1<|X].jNY
cease停止 hate憎恨，厌恶 pretend假装 = #p
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ask问 dread害怕 need需要 9,JM$ Y
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agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 jDQ ?b\^
swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 AWMJ/ E*T
bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 ?ZGsh7<k
beg请求 fail不能 plan计划 gd7r9yV
bother扰乱；烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢，宁愿 O9 >$(`@I
care关心，喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 c'3N;sZ*B
decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉，遗憾 +a N8l1
choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 h/|p`MP\1
claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺，允许 E ZjtZMnj
start开始 undertake承接 want想要 JttDRNZAU
consent同意，赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝 `#l3a
decide决定 learn学习 vow起 ?$
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contrive设法，图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 a,S;JF)v
