过去分词与形容词的语义差： %y
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1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things L1DH9wiQ i
the destructive power of modern weapons y:Of~
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Damaged: being in a bad state XpE847!soL
emotionally damaged children q TN)2G
2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements 1 JIU5u)
He’s one of the most respected managers in the game. ]b sabS?
Respectful: feeling or showing respect to,\n"$~!
They listened in respectful silence. G-RDQ
3. Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides. J>nBTY,_<
Preferable: A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby. ).
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Preferential: Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment. r;[ =y<Yf
4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights. h4F%lGot
Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative. NT5' U
5.Loving: She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother. +
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Lovable: a sweet lovable child S1mMz
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Lovely: We had a lovely holiday. CAs:>s
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6. Tolerated: While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone.
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Tolerant: trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds %P
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Tolerable: All in all, it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford. s<k2vbh
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虚拟语气 *x;4::'Jn
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 CPRVSN0b{4
1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 /"j 3B\`?
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 +FqE fY4j
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) Q 1?*+]
It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) O x-eB
(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 b"N!#&O ]
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 /9I/^i~
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验) 3)\fZYu)
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) zB`woI28
（3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 PzNPwd
It took me only five minutes to finish the job. +?m.uY(
2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 q=BljSX
(1)不定式作表语 (A6~mi r!
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 ~qG W9 4
To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 Dpw*m.f
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。 Q^rR } Ws
2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。 %6
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To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 d`B<\Y#{Us
To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。 RK|*yt"f"
3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 G,|!&=Pe|E
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 k<^M >` $
The function of Louis Sullivan’s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. }a6t <m`V
The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant． ^Q$OzsEk
(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 SXOAa<u5
Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。 &o;0%QgF
His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮。 }:Z A)
(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。 K -rR)-rI
People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake. :Tg+)c Z
His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected． &S*~EM.l8
(3)分词作表语 EaO@I. [
分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有： =L" 0]4K
interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的 UPfO;Z`hJ
exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的 |0y#} |/
delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的 RQx8Du<
disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 ?
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encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 +JU , ^A#X
pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的 G-Tmk7m
puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的 G:1'}RC :
satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的 }6c>BU}DF
surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的 ssi 7)0
worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的 \ j >7x
Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。 B ;1qy[
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。 \beO5]KS<
The argument is very convincing．他的论点很令人信服。 !.] JiT'o
They were very excited at the news．听到这个消息，他们非常激动。 %X{Eupi
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3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 ;!4gDvm
英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求： `a& kD|Yh
(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 2@D`^]]
1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 u]J@65~'b
attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 I0)`tQ +
afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 !Lf<hS^
arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲，打算 g>@JGzMLP
begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略，漏 nVb@sI{{k
appear似乎，显得 determine决定 manage设法 5AYOM=O]t
cease停止 hate憎恨，厌恶 pretend假装 SA x9cjj
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ask问 dread害怕 need需要 Sjpx G@k
agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 11[lc2
swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 l90mM'[
bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 ~&?bU]F
beg请求 fail不能 plan计划 ff"wg\O4
bother扰乱；烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢，宁愿 P#,u9EIJ
care关心，喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 #o.e
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decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉，遗憾 }h5i Tc
choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 #WpkL]g2+%
claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺，允许 Ifj&S'():
start开始 undertake承接 want想要 ~GaGDS\V
consent同意，赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝 Ed JL&*
decide决定 learn学习 vow起 3FEJ
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contrive设法，图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 |?` 5 ~f
