过去分词与形容词的语义差： q'8*bu _
1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things p? L %'
the destructive power of modern weapons 8n 5~K.;<
Damaged: being in a bad state 6]iU-k0b
emotionally damaged children |p/ *OFC6
2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements
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He’s one of the most respected managers in the game. vSHPN|*
Respectful: feeling or showing respect xmnBG4,f
They listened in respectful silence. Zy+ERaF|]
3. Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides. PV#h_X<l%
Preferable: A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby. Xr
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Preferential: Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment. vCi`htm%
4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights. 9;LjM ~Ct
Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative. / }6I
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5.Loving: She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother. 26/<\{q~
Lovable: a sweet lovable child XnP?hw%
Lovely: We had a lovely holiday. 5)< Y3nU~
6. Tolerated: While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone. _h<rVcl!wX
Tolerant: trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds "a2|WKpD
Tolerable: All in all, it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford. `n>|rd
虚拟语气 n5C ,Z!)z
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 Xb:*
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1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 OvT[JpV
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 ~T H4='4W3
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) >0@w"aKn
It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) :!s7B|_U
(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 r5xm7- `c
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 !@lx|= #
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验) U Y*`R
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) 5 <k)tF%
（3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 Tl yyJ{~
It took me only five minutes to finish the job. [q%`q`EG
2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 ?u#s ?$ Y?
(1)不定式作表语 |kh{EUE
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1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 '1DY5`i{
To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 a0)w/A&
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。 G~y:ZEnN[
2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。 .+S%hT,v6i
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 ^Lb\k|U ,\
To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。 ~8&->?{
3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 Jf4`
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His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 _w\i ~To!
The function of Louis Sullivan’s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. #W8F_
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The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant． dBA&NW07
(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 W5'6L =WG
Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。 m lc8q s
His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮。
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(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。 9b >+ehj B
People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake. >{ {ds--
His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected． 41=H&G&
(3)分词作表语 ShL!7y*rT{
分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有： W8QP6 ^lY
interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的 F&uiI;+ zJ
exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的 #y: F3$c
delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的 PeIi@0vA
disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 VDOC>
encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的
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pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的 1o/(fy
puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的 6 8n ;#-X
satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的 j~Fd8]@
surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的 xU%]G .k
worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的 9c4p9b!
Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。 ]:@{tX 7c
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。 esZhX)dS
The argument is very convincing．他的论点很令人信服。 2hNl_P~z1u
They were very excited at the news．听到这个消息，他们非常激动。 k@% 5P-e}
3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 [4C_iaE
英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求： 72RTEG
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(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 `+(n+QS _
1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 K M )MUPr
attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 |1
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afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 m4W (h6
arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲，打算 #t1? *4.p
begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略，漏 Zjn1,\(t~u
appear似乎，显得 determine决定 manage设法 ]U~{?K'g@j
cease停止 hate憎恨，厌恶 pretend假装 GGwwdB\x'
ask问 dread害怕 need需要 -">Tvi4
agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 dHOH] x
swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 GD}rsBQNkJ
bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 B!`. ,3
beg请求 fail不能 plan计划 K)l*$h&-
bother扰乱；烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢，宁愿 SF:{PgGMi
care关心，喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 S
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decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉，遗憾 $l.8
choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 @|<nDd{2
claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺，允许 PDc4ok`)
start开始 undertake承接 want想要 B^/Cx
consent同意，赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝 ?
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decide决定 learn学习 vow起 zN9@.!?X2
contrive设法，图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 &{WEtaXaa
