考博英语写作 n!6Z]\8~$
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考博英语写作绝招:各部分万能套用公式 Zh
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开头万能公式: ^1Xt]T`e
1. 开头万能公式一:名人名言 :L_BG)dM
有人问了,“我没有记住名言,怎么办?尤其是英语名言?”,很好办:编! 0wFH!s/B
原理:我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的,包括我们欣赏的文章也是,所以尽管编,但是一定要听起来很有道理呦!而且没准将来我们就是名人呢!对吧? k z"3ZDR
经典句型: oo=#XZkk
A proberb says, “ You are only young once.” (适用于已记住的名言) }tPk@$
It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. (~)%Fo9X"
(适用于自编名言) 5j0{p$'9
更多经典句型: ^`SA'F,
As everyone knows, No one can deny that… .D4bqL
2. 开头万能公式二:数字统计 b dJ+@r
原理:要想更有说服力,就应该用实际的数字来说明。 X%bFN
原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的,可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一,但编无妨,只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型: ]O
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According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college VR!-%H\AW
students wanted to further their study after their graduation. dY"}\v6
看起来这个数字文邹邹的,其实都是编造出来的,下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造: ;NV'W]
Honesty (-NHxo
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。 ec Oy6@UDY
Travel by Bike !3oKmL5
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。 fag^7r z
Youth Fg/dS6=n`?
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,在某个大学,学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。 kl1Y] ?z}
Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work? TP1S[`nR
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,98%的人同意每周五天工作日。 zH=!*[d8
更多句型: u)Q;8$`
A recent statistics shows that … %o?IsIys
结尾万能公式: rZ_>`}O2
1. 结尾万能公式一:如此结论 /?"8-0d
说完了,毕竟要归纳一番,相信各位都有这样的经历,领导长篇大论,到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话,我们马上停止开小差,等待领导说结束语。也就是说,开头很好,也必然要有一个精彩的结尾,让读者眼前一亮,这样,你就可以拿高分了!比如下面的例子: 7:h!Wj-a]
Obviously(此为过渡短语), we can draw the conclusion that good
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manners arise from politeness and respect for others. /T0nLp`gi
如果读者很难“显而见之”,但说无妨,就当读者的眼光太浅罢了! pz_e =xr
更多过渡短语: K8^kJSF\
to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus 0MIUI<;j
更多句型: q}L+/+b
Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that… `PI(%N
2. 结尾万能公式二:如此建议 }bB`(B,m
如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话,那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了,因为这里虽然也是废话,但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽! 1
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Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve \tJFAc
the problem. Aj"7q
这里的虚拟语气用得很经典,因为考官本来经常考这个句型,而如果我们自己写出来,你说考官会怎么想呢? sCH)gr@gJ^
更多句型: 5b#QYu
Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken. !UV5zmS
Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be d<o.o?Vc
taken. ~el-*=<m
写作的“七项基本原则”:一、 长 短 句原则 ro| vh\y
工作还得一张一驰呢,老让读者读长句,累死人!写一个短小精辟的句子,相反,却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末,也可以揭示主题: ((DzUyK
As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is Ruh)^g
to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to S;@ay/*~
satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite &m{'nRU}c
similar. )3?rXsSR
如此可见,长短句结合,抑扬顿挫,岂不爽哉?牢记! :iY$82wQ
强烈建议:在文章第一段(开头)用一长一短,且先长后短;在文章主体部分,要先用一个短句解释主要意思,然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式,定会让主体部分妙笔生辉!文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。二、 gp< =Gmd
主 题 句原则 vahoSc;sw
国有其君,家有其主,文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感!相信各位读过一些破烂文学,故意把主体隐藏在文章之内,结果造成我们稀里糊涂!不知所云!所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句,放在文章的开头(保险型)或者结尾,让读者一目了然,必会平安无事! p6 xPheD
特别提示:隐藏主体句可是要冒险的! |w)5;uQ&\
To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully !G=>v
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prepared before the exam(主题句). Without sufficient preparation, <O857j
you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.三、 V7<eQ0;m
一 二 三原则 k
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领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点… \aSz2lxEHn
如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚,条理自然。破解方法很简单,只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。 BnEdv8\,&s
1)first, second, third, last(不推荐,原因:俗) WfVMdwz=
2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(不推荐,原因:俗) e6P[c=m
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3)the first, the second, the third, the last(不推荐,原因:俗) l)@:T|)c
4)in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, G%hO\EO
lastly(不推荐,原因:俗) jUY+3"?
5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(强烈推荐) pC^[ [5A
6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(强烈推荐) /7p>7q9g
7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(强烈推荐) ~iTxv_\=6u
8)most important of all, moreover, finally c f*zejbw
9)on the one hand, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况) zl)&U=4l
10)for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况) XS/n>C
建议:不仅仅在写作中注意,平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚!四、 短语优先原则 vgk9b!Xd
写作时,尤其是在考试时,如果使用短语,有两个好处:其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点,如果老师们看到你的文章太简单,看不到一个自己不认识的短语,必然会看你低一等。相反,如果发现亮点—精彩的短语,那么你的文章定会得高分了。其二、关键时刻思维短路,只有凑字数,怎么办?用短语是一个办法!比如: d.\PS9l
I cannot bear it. =~,l4g\
可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it. W8*
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I want it. 5bfb!7-[i
可以用短语表达:I am looking forward to it. dQ6GhS~
这样字数明显增加,表达也更准确。五、 多实少虚原则
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原因很简单,写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西,不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词,少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候,不应该之说nice这样空洞的词,应该使用一些诸如generous, Wm>b3:
humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital QNJ\!+,HV
之类的形象词。再比如: d
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走出房间,general的词是:walk out of the room cHEz{'1m
但是小偷走出房间应该说:slip out of the room ewQe/Fq
*****走出房间应该说:sail out of the room xMsGs
小孩走出房间应该说:dance out of the room =c]a
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老人走出房间应该说:stagger out of the room \\s?B K
所以多用实词,少用虚词,文章将会大放异彩!六、 多变句式原则 9l l|JeNi
1)加法(串联) V/&o]b
都希望写下很长的句子,像个老外似的,可就是怕写错,怎么办,最保险的写长句的方法就是这些,可以在任何句子之间加and, "G kI5!
但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说: #S*pD?VZ
I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar.
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如果是二者并列的,我们可以用一个超级句式: &CO|Y(+
Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm. /&QQ p3
其它的短语可以用: &%:*\_2s
besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover 25&n
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2)转折(拐弯抹角) fO+UHSC
批评某人缺点的时候,我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点,然后转入正题,再说缺点,这种方式虽然阴险了点,可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢,我们说话的时候,只要在要点之前先来点废话,注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。
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The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition. @ AggznA8
The coat was thin, but it was warm. iP,v=pS6
更多的短语: xfes_v""
despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, #!1IP~
despite, notwithstanding g~|y$T
3)因果(so, so, so) ;,v.(Z ic
昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩,然后我主动搭讪,然后我们去咖啡厅,然后我们认识了,然后我们成为了朋友…可见,讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序,先什么,后什么,所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系! F'ENq6
The snow began to fall, so we went home. bk
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更多短语: bZK+9IR
then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a qkiJH T
result, for this reason, so that &p)@8HY
4)失衡句(头重脚轻,或者头轻脚重) ^+URv
有些人脑袋大,身体小,或者有些人脑袋小,身体大,虽然我们不希望长成这个样子,可如果真的是这样了,也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子,就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句的变形。 {sl~2#,}b1
举例:This is what I can do. wn{]#n=|l
Whether he can go with us or not is not sure. D| [/>x
同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分: I}rGx
When to go, Why he goes away… K,G,di
5)附加(多此一举) Mc!2mE%47m
如果有了老婆,总会遇到这样的情况,当你再讲某个人的时候,她会插一句说,我昨天见过他;或者说,就是某某某,如果把老婆的话插入到我们的话里面,那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。 XnPJC'
The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine. A%P 8c
I don’t enjoy that book you are reading. gu^_iU
Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going. r)c+".0d^
其实很简单,同位语--要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成;定语从句—借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中,但是whom An/>05|
or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。 {uEu>D$8
6)排比(排山倒海句) gO9'q='5l
文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此,如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话,那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句,一个个得对偶句,一个个的不定式,一个个地词,一个个的短语,如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势! r^fxyN2V
Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated yB
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or simple, there is plenty in London for you. '_k >*trV
Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such 4u@yJ?U
as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean l}dj{
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tides. RA#\x.
We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, -6AOK<kfI
to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. (气势恢宏) &
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要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可!七、 挑战极限原则 +dDJes!]
既然十挑战极限,必然是比较难的,但是并非不可攀! ww-XMz h
原理:在学生的文章中,很少发现诸如独立主格的句子,其实也很简单,只要花上5分钟的时间看看就可以领会,它就是分词的一种特殊形式,分词要求主语一致,而独立主格则不然。比如: <ur KIu
The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb m}; ~JMo]
the Western Hills. ;Gjv9:hUn
Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about 5}<.1ab3V
three times that of China. nrxjN(9V%+
如果您可一些出这样的句子,不得高分才怪! OJnPP>
文章主体段落三大杀手锏:一、举实例 'hxs((['\
思维短路,举实例!提出一个观点,举实例!提出一个方案,举实例!而且者也是我们揭示一个观点最好的方式,任何情况下,只要我们无法继续文章,不管三七二十一,尽管举例子! }".\
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In order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted ?y+\v'3v
every possible stimulative factor in making ads, such as #N<s^KYG-
sound, light, colours, cartoon films and human performance. 0SAG6k~x
For instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will h<PYE]?l
ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the 9itdRa==
seemingly delicious food while they fime him or her. l=Lmr
更多句型: X7'h@>R
To take … as an example, One example is…, Another example is…, #R~"
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for example二、做比较 jEC'l]l
方法:写完一个要点,比较与之相似的;又写完一个要点,再比较与之相反的; + TPbIRA
世界上没有同样的指纹,没有相同的树叶,文章亦同,只有通过比较,你才会发现二者的相同点(through 9'L1KQ
comparison)和不同点(through contrast)。下面是一些短语: Y?"v2~;3
相似的比较: gJWlWVeq$
in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner }'@tA")-)
相反的比较: ?^e*UJNM
on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, ; Xn
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nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with …, `<]P"G
…三、换言之 e8WPV
没话说了,可以换一句话再说,让你的文章在多一些字,或者文邹邹地说,是让读者更充分的理解你的观点。 "6|'&6&
实际就是重复重复再重复!下面的句子实际上就三个字 I love you! Jgi{7J
I am enthusiastic about you. That is to say, I love you. cOj +}Hz58
I am wild about you. In other words, I have fallen in love ]5qjK~,4b
with you. >X@.f1/5X
或者上面我们举过的例子: fzPgX
I cannot bear it. Zp% ""
可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it. XY$cx~
因此可以这样说:I cannot bear it. That is to say, I cannot put up with +#i,87
it or I am fed up with it. juve9HaW
更多短语: r&j+; JM5
in more difficult language, in simpler words, put it more qB
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simply