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 考博英语语法归纳
英语语法归纳 R `s /^0
一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式 `=CF
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#yU4X\oO 2．被动形式 B}?/oZW 4
E oOrA@N .oS KSld hL8QA! v CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 -@i2]o v 时间状语从句当中的时态：
Q.cxen ( zTr/ (6.0gB$aTu 一般过去时 所有的过去 e"2 wXd_} 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 P = S)V 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 VT+GmS 一．非谓语动词 !8P#t{2_|
一．不定式： o 'yR^`
)iEK7d^- 一）不定式的常考形式： m2 N
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g fO.Ky6 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. fHwh 6| 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. Mu{mj4Y{ 语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生 ;ATk?O4T
dqG+hh^ 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. (/FPGYu3h 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. )Hw;{5p@ 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 ) Oa"B;\j
i8A5m@,G 二）不定式常考的考点： /i$&89yod
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rmK_Y 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 >~XX' }
:Z`4ea"w 2）不定式做状语----目的 BHU(Hd
^hZwm8G 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. M@csB. '
/&ph-4\i 三)不定式的省略 [[TB.'k
^3*gf} 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel V ;>{-p
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E + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； U>X06T + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 d6(qc< /!r I saw him work in the garden yesterday. l< v /T
Cr(pN[, 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) 0aGfz=V& I saw him working in the garden yesterday. wX|]8f2Z 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） Bt.W_p v 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. ")Bf^DV 2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to ?k"KZxpT
xaS kn I ‘d like to have John do it. 8t6h^
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Ud` I have my package weighed. b^A&K@[W#,
P,wFib^1 Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. {uckYx -A
%DRDe 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do ~2"|4
TF3Tha] 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： {5_*f)$[H
wmoOp;C want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do kXG+zs T force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do blp )a be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do qo}kwwWN; g%\e80~1 ( 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式 'TbA^U[
o-x _[I|@ accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to. ~I'Z=Wo 三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。 WG^D$L :
fc!%W#- He needs (a lot of) encouraging. z u;Yw=cM) 7& sCEYE b
1,pg:=N 9 二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词 }f({ 03$
-''vxt?7H& 1)是名词 seeing is believing X^@d@xU4v 2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary. ^Jkj /n' 一)动名词的形式: zZE?G:isR
mKn[>M1 一般形式：I don't like you smoking. ' u0{
h 完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice. S"_vD
<q 被动形式：This question is far from being settled. K}$PI W 二) 动名词常考的点 f<zh-Gq
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@_KY 1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数 vJcvyz#%1
( / N`Wu 2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词 NuXU 2w~
'dht5iI;Yw 3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语. RhDa`kV%t
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I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon． 4H " *.l A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对） hpw;w}m I regret not having taken your advice. Q2#)Jx\6! 4)有些词后只能接动名词 T &0tW"r?
2<J82(4j admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand... I]$kVa1iN 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法： h7Ma`w\- it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point...
0\i& v T *J $=UG,u 5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可 I4") ;T3
_R8-Hj E remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。 >
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b0&dpMgh: I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作) b>waxQxjS
k,&W5zBKe I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作) 2Hq!YsJ4]
K1 C# forgot与remember的用法类似。 VWNmqeP I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你… &XZ>}^lD^
,v^it+Jc' I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。 lc'Jn$O@ try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness. +V0uH pm
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zE\ try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day. b. t] p
D)mqe -%1 I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。 8d>OtDL a To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。 a(< nk5 prefer的用法： |fa3;8!96 我宁愿在这里等。 &K\ di*kN I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。） E >7[ti_p5 I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。） :0vNg:u+ I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。） |M+ !O93 XCk \#(VSE
kdv>QZ 3 分词： _@HMk"A
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现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态 KBOxr5w
现在分词的形式: Iunt!L
1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生) 6 @ nE cr
2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前) 92S< TAdPP
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3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动) \N!k)6\
过去分词 <<[`;"CF
1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared. wG -X833\(
2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做) Vw+U?
这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。 l0]z Zcpt
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