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 考博英语语法归纳
英语语法归纳 ID]E3K
一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式 2C
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^]NFr *'! 2．被动形式 WXY-]ir.
G +&p q I A{W-RRb Ndm w/ae v CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。
RehraY3q v 时间状语从句当中的时态： 7xQ:[P!G+ rL&Mq}7QK ,<'>j a C 一般过去时 所有的过去 3<xDxj 0< 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 $PI9vy S 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 0\vG
< 一．非谓语动词 znPh7{|<
一．不定式： 9 zS
VX82n,'=t 一）不定式的常考形式： f0j]!g
ZHa>8x;Mjl 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. E4
>}O;m0 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. 0?( uqjD: 语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生 lSW'qgh
z#ki # o 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. l)dE7$H 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. >Q!}tbg~9 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 q\x.e.@
|/^S%t6* 二）不定式常考的考点： 0 p ?AL=
@fJsRWvGq 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 '?mF,C o{
e,VF;Br 2）不定式做状语----目的 Kx&" 9g$
lZ .lf.{F 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. ~/9RSdv7
VQ| {Q} 三)不定式的省略 lFnYQab
A8{ xZsH 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel !cYID \}S,
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+ do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； bTm hz + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 ;' 8Wl I saw him work in the garden yesterday. GRbbU#/=G
){w{# 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) (C #0
ML I saw him working in the garden yesterday. 7~XA92 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作）
-43>?m/a v 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. 69)" T{7
2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to @4T
/go[}X5QR[ I ‘d like to have John do it. v$Fz^<Na
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' I have my package weighed. _7Y-gy#\a
^AaE$G&: Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. 452kE@=49
l3>e-kP 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do {%u^ O/M
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` 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： I <D7 Jj
6[k< &; want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do FsJk"$} force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do {c9 f v H be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do 0 a{hCx|$J
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Xq=/s 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式 E#:!&{O
|YROxY"ML accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to. uq s
三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。 $Bz};@
4bA^Gq He needs (a lot of) encouraging. z+Fu{<#( A /I\M N|
HL4=P,' 二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词 CYy=f -
L5I!YP#v 1)是名词 seeing is believing
_|I8+(~) 2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary. mN]WjfII 一)动名词的形式: /-FV1G, h
9&f+ I@K 一般形式：I don't like you smoking.
f^1J_}cL 完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice. (@XQ]S}L 被动形式：This question is far from being settled. E8r6P:5d` 二) 动名词常考的点 MZQDFuvDxZ
W..*!UGl 1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数 3#t#N
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) dk|S\ 2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词 tNr'@ls
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{c 3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语. b-VtQ %Q
] >(pj9) I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon． RR[zvH} E A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对） C3W4:kbau I regret not having taken your advice. *
rlV E 4)有些词后只能接动名词 q{9 \hEeb
[G$ #jUt/O admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand... ;G8H' gM07 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法： o+ =wQ$"tP it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point... W=^.s> 7G
>Vt2@Ee \7b, Mz! 5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可 xgcJEox!
[5L?#Y remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。 yR| 2><A
I{dy,\p I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作) %k4Qx5`?d
@;OsHudd I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作) R ]%"YQ V
+_fFRyu> forgot与remember的用法类似。 KX9IC 5pR I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你… \ 54B
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AM} I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。 o%~fJx:]y try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness. WeRDaG
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uaZI>' try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day. VnW6$W?g
X <8|uP4 I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。 ;iX~3[] To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。 &2u
|7U. prefer的用法： 36OQHv; & 我宁愿在这里等。 18NnXqe-m I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。） %OgK{ h I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。） .q
MxShUU I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。） KDE
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4dFr~ { 3 分词： A)9]^@,
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现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态 B)@Xz<Q
现在分词的形式: X8Z) W?vu
1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生) zNo,PERG
2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前) d)uuA;n
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3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动) 9J7yR}2-F
过去分词 ?@@$)2_*u
1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared. |GQq:MB;z
2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做) d>F7i~W
这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。 0cB]:*W
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