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 考博英语语法归纳
英语语法归纳 </K%i;l
一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式 ws*~$x ?7
|@T5$Xg]5 2．被动形式 `PQ?8z|
|5<& r]xN {Y* ]Qc Q~w G(0'8 v CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 lPFdQ8M v 时间状语从句当中的时态： "< . CN$A-sjZ i!d7,>l+Q~ 一般过去时 所有的过去 v20I<!5w 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 WtdkA Sj 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 _ !^FW% 一．非谓语动词 mN'9|`>V>
一．不定式： b
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kN9sug^ 一）不定式的常考形式： ^n45N&91
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hTtp-e` 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. RBD 7mpd 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. vBn=bb'W 语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生 -L 'K
f93X5hFnF 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. HToN+z%w3H 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. 7 fzyD 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 *T2&$W|_a
+@)$l+kk9 二）不定式常考的考点： lPN< rgg
muX4 Y1M_ 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 =+-.5 M
WfbNar[ 2）不定式做状语----目的 iM/0Yp-v'>
>(6\ C 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. VaI P
/~rO2]rZ@ 三)不定式的省略 _>m*`:Wb
dVt@D& 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel H$z+g bjJ
U1|4vd9 + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； udy;Od
t + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 l(#Y8 I saw him work in the garden yesterday. }qdJ8K
h16Nr x 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) <({eOh5 N I saw him working in the garden yesterday. <r`J n49 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） 2b,TkG8K v 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. !X < n:J 2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to zw rZ ^
0fK|}mm ZA I ‘d like to have John do it. q<uLBaL_]r
wP1VQUL I have my package weighed. ']Xx#U
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vm^# aoDB Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. 4H=s
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8Xzx ;-&4 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do /)4r2 x
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l+K'1 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： qm5pEort
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want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do E+Mdl* force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do H=RV M be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do X(z-?6N4 A3p Q
?d[ 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式 w>Sz^_ h
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!,XC accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to. !I/kz }N@ 三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。 "Oko|3
.Q)"F / He needs (a lot of) encouraging. 6&0a?Xu to=##&ld<
8E%*o 二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词 io3'h:+9s
[KJL%u|8/ 1)是名词 seeing is believing hI{Yg$H 1 2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary. D9C; JD 一)动名词的形式: *
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W^Y(FUy~ 一般形式：I don't like you smoking. >GUTno$J 完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice.
K_ 3ZJ 被动形式：This question is far from being settled. )^sfEYoA 二) 动名词常考的点
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^dD?riFAk 1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数 D( |$6J 0
\-y i#N 2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词 _A r ,]v
$h9!"f[|j 3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语. p4 PFoFo2
eS U8/9B I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon． {r )M@@[ A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对） v( B4Bz2 I regret not having taken your advice. L6.R?4B 4)有些词后只能接动名词 NYeg,{q
hlZjk0ez admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand... )FLpWE"e- 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法： /xzL!~g`6< it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point... T9
A5L"-6T d?n~9_9 e Fz% n!d 5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可 Y'T#
yS"" *8/ remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。 o%a$m9I
BJ5#!I%h I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作) ITV
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N.?Wev{ I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作) i]v!o$7
q,G L#L forgot与remember的用法类似。 I}X8-WFB I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你… ;b^ @o,=
vuf|2!kh/ I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。 _ !C H try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness. sXWMXQ3
>7 |37a try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day. fCKcv |
~V Kw%WK I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。 &
Lw| t_y To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。 ;3!TOY"j;e prefer的用法： w%ForDB>P 我宁愿在这里等。 d={}a,3? I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。） MAXdgL[] I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。） 6T-(GHzfHJ I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。） K"#}R<k8:A =k'dbcfO$9
~LVa# 3 分词： 46vz=# ,6L
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现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态 WIg"m[aIs
现在分词的形式: p"T4;QBxQ
1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生)
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2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前) aU3&=aN+
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3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动) SbB5J> >7J
过去分词 xZk LN5I{
1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared. R}0c O^V
2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做) Eb.{M
这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。 Ei#"r\q j_
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