考博英语语法归纳

英语语法归纳 7]R6

一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表：

1．主动形式

LbLbJ{68 h+ `J=a\|\	过去 !;BZ#tF&	现在 *RUd!]bh	将来 3}.mp}K5	过去将来 81%qM7v9H
一般 ==r?	did ?(\|TP^	do \|TNi Ky	will/shall do 9g<_JcN	should/would do @eAGN\|C5
进行 ,& \&::R	was/were doing \6nQ-S_	am/is/are doing *R9mgv[	will/shall be doing tOlzOBzR	/
完成 ~I8"l@H>	had done iYmzk?U	have/has done _z_3 %N	will/shall have done )KTWLr;	should/would have done用于虚拟语气
完成进行 HC<BGIgL	had been doing hoSU` X	have/has been doing 8 m13M5r	/	/

2．被动形式

iA{chQBr e5:l6`	过去 >x_:=%Wr+	现在 ZCOuv6V+	将来 q}7Df!<\|	过去将来 O}\"$n>
一般 M*h-p2'	was/were given bju,p"J1-E	am/is/are given 80l3.z,:	will/shall be given qT-nD}	should/would be given nbkky.e
进行 ]P ?#lO6	was/were being given 3Jk?)Dy	am/is/are being given ]qP}\+:	/	/
完成 ~ @"Qm;} "	had been given YaE['a	have/has been given PTV`=vtj	will/shall have been given Pt)}HF\|u	should/would have been given #}]il0d
完成进行 Tk@g9\6O9	/	/	/	)bN 3-_

v CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。
v 时间状语从句当中的时态：

一般过去时         所有的过去
用     一般现在时    表示现在和将来
现在完成时        现在完成和将来完成

一．非谓语动词 )aA9z(x

一．不定式： />I8nS}T

一）不定式的常考形式：

1)    一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.
被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.
           语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生 e;u8G/
!l~aRj-WZ
2)    完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. cTx/Y&\9
被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. "LaX_0t)
          语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 ,ST.pu8N.
oi4Wxcj
二）不定式常考的考点： /%w[q:..h
IGV.0l
1）不定式做定语----将要发生 17 iq
MFsy`aiS
2）不定式做状语----目的 Z6@J-<u
!#s7 F
3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. Y rnqi-P
9yAu<a
三)不定式的省略 |CqJ2
shvcc
   1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel tX}S[jdq
'Rw] C[
+ do　表示动作的完整性，真实性； nQ3goVRFP
+ doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 x}j41E}
　I saw him work in the garden yesterday. L4Y3\4xXO
WfO$q^'?DP
　昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) 2` qXDfD`
　I saw him working in the garden yesterday. T^G<)IX`c
　昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） 6\@, Lb
v 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. X;>} ;LiK
2) 使役动词   have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to U# B
U8z"{
I ‘d like to have John do it. ibw;BU
XLxr~Yo
I have my package weighed. ^4NH.q{
^u,x~nPXg
Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. ir#^5e@
x0GZ2*vfsb
3) help   help sb do    help sb to do   help do help to do *?&O8SSBH
)>p6h]]a
四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： mX_`rvYII
r%n[PK^(
want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect   allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do YfKty0
force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do gs>cx]>
be   ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do =p6xc}N
1[]cMyV
五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式 %}:J 9vra
{{,%p#/b
accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to. _3S{n=9
三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。 R&0l4g-4>
C-Z,L#
He needs (a lot of) encouraging. DM95Il[/
k_B^2=
a{W-+t
二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词 KK6YA
_#:1Axx1
1)是名词     seeing is believing nabN.Ly
2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语   starving troops is necessary. 8^l XM-G-
一)动名词的形式: n6f|,D!?
R7i*f/m
一般形式：I don't like you smoking.        u+_#qk0NfK
完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice. < 4g^c&
被动形式：This question is far from being settled. vkK+ C~"
二) 动名词常考的点 :y)'qv[
YaU A}0cW
1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数 /L.a:Er$
FQyiIT6
2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词 L;"<8\vWB
sq_:U_tJ
3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语. &ly[mBP~
}W<L;yD
I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon． ;Yj}9[p;T
A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对） O,cx9N
I regret not having taken your advice. <Yc :,CU
4)有些词后只能接动名词 L2qF@!Yy=
ezn>3?S
admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand... i]nE86.;
另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法： RA6D dqT~
it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point... !4E:IM63
.\VjS^o&Z&
MPt7 /
5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可 K +~
YblRwic
remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。 UZ1lI>
h@J`:KO
I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作) Z8T{Xw6%
gvC2\k{
I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作) 9hv\%_>o
c|7Pnx%gT
forgot与remember的用法类似。 rLwc=(|
I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你… \c]/4C +/
3t,SXI@
I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。 oVu>jO:.
try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness. sJr$[?
{b?)|@)is
try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day. 1kpI?Plki
#zXDh3%]a
I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。 >$?Z&7Lv
To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。 J^v_VZ3
prefer的用法： dI>oHMC
我宁愿在这里等。 %:??QD*
I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。） lj[Bd >
I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。） H(pOR<`
I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。） X)yTx8v4
:g,rl\S7
g~cWBr%>
3 分词： s8tI_h
OxD\e5r
现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态 A1:Fe9q
现在分词的形式: M0^r!f>O
1)一般式:     Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）?      (与谓语动词同步发生) @50Js3R1q
2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前) _z}d yp"I
9 Iw+g]`y*
3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动) vbSz&+52;
过去分词 HkQ2G}<
1)    过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared. }#Vo XilX
2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做) x.d9mjLN8m
这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。 'dx4L }d

评价一下你浏览此帖子的感受

分享到： QQ空间新浪微博腾讯微博人人网网易微博

http://www.freekaobo.com
访问内容超出本站范围，不能确定是否安全
继续访问	取消访问

快速回复
	限 100 字节进入高级模式加粗字体颜色背景颜色插入链接图片验证问题: 5+2=? 正确答案:7 按"Ctrl+Enter"直接提交	上一个下一个

考博英语语法归纳

相关话题