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 考博英语语法归纳
英语语法归纳 W"k"I vTW}
一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式 ynthDE o
,J+}rPe"sf 2．被动形式 "q3ZWNS'w
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{y)=eX9 v CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 i}cRi &2[ v 时间状语从句当中的时态： n*h)'8`Ut
4j* W~)}xy 一般过去时 所有的过去 G?yLo 'Ulo 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 49eD1h3'X[ 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 kpuz]a7pK 一．非谓语动词 [
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一．不定式： Kf3"Wf^q
[:dY0r + 一）不定式的常考形式： ldf\;Qk
P1!qbFDv8 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. &0d# Y]D4` 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. #`^ }PuQ 语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生 @@f"%2ZR[
Y/F6\oh 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. :@Pl pF K 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. jRa43ck 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 !aUs>1i
cZ,b?I"Q% 二）不定式常考的考点： JtE M,tK
KYm0@O>; 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 g _9C*
J0WxR&%a) 2）不定式做状语----目的 HZE#A b*L
"nynl'Ryk 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. #~]zh HI
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Nf!*<\E 三)不定式的省略 yX>K/68
[(i 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel .vf'YNQ%
_;S- x + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； k=$TGq QY? + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 I9A~Ye
5O& I saw him work in the garden yesterday. ~7w" nIs<c
[\e eDa 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) :LQYo '@yB I saw him working in the garden yesterday. P= BZ+6DS 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） 0 ] ,r0 v 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. !qQl@j O 2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to VBlYvZ;$*
*8
A I ‘d like to have John do it. ! I:% 0D
!PlEO 2at I have my package weighed. 9rX&uP)j^#
oCv.Ln1;Z Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn.
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&m7]v,& 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do sE<V5`Z=
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dU2gV 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： s\(k<Ks
2,oKVm+ want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do RL
XL& force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do (,\+tr8r8 be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do bH9kj/q\b CsR$c,8X. 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式
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{4}yKjW%z accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to.
SM#]H-3 三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。 T*Exs|N2P-
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CEmhY He needs (a lot of) encouraging. TER =*"! $9#H04.x
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}Sm 二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词 (Z q/
6I4\q.^qw 1)是名词 seeing is believing ZY55|eE 2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary. 1CD+B=pQG 一)动名词的形式: 6 7.+
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{X+3;& @ 一般形式：I don't like you smoking. K(rWNO 完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice. 9 '; JXf$ 被动形式：This question is far from being settled. }O5i/#.lR 二) 动名词常考的点 qvsd5P eCO
(!aNq( 1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数 Ecefi
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\;3~a9q% 2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词 RD i]2
`Bp.RXsd* 3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语. 0B/,/KX
_$Yk M, I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon． wC+u73599 A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对） 7
:x fPx I regret not having taken your advice. mt{nm[D!Xp 4)有些词后只能接动名词 gMmaK0uhS
x b~yM%*c admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand... k 8[n+^ 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法： C. yQ=\U2 it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point... 4#xDgxg\f r&JgLC( `l
^9/_g'6 5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可 Vp z\.]
,+DG2u remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。 ^R7lom.
Ys!8 2M$g I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作) ThajH K|U
C=L>zOZ I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作) l'-Bu(
B$fP gW- forgot与remember的用法类似。 (ylTp]~mR- I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你… x;P_1J
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~*&H$6NJS I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。 u^ +7hkk try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness. *k( XW_>
JW83Tp8[8 try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day. i/;\7n
]b:Lo I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。 r"3=44St To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。 9X+V4xux prefer的用法： `_Zg3_K.dS 我宁愿在这里等。 p SH=%u> I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。） ^+>laOzC`8 I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。） Y|F9}hj( I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。） hP%M?M KC 1Kw+,.@ d
z [ }v{ 3 分词： ouvA~/5
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现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态 Hh3X
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现在分词的形式: lV3x *4O=
1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生) !7O+og
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2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前) \_VA 5 0
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3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动) >W=,j)MA
过去分词 J\} twYty
1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared. )
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2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做) q"CVcLi9
这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。 Gt8M&S-;
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