英语中基本句式 *b}/fG)XZ
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英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: I!?)}d
S十V主谓结构 WaPuJ5;e
S十V十F主系表结构 j%U'mGx
S十V十O主谓宾结构 p
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S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 +=`*`eP:U
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 E5$Fhc
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 2@6Qifxd@
五个基本句式详细解释如下: u}">b+{!
1.S十V句式 h]]B@~
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: DO
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He runs quickly. 0;L.h|R T(
他跑得快。 Rb_%vOM
They listened carefully. +gyGA/5:d$
他们听得很仔细。 YfstE3BV
He suffered from cold and hunger. (考试大) v@d]
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他挨冻受饿。 DC~ 1}|B"
China belongs to the third world country. ATWa/"l(H-
中国属于第三世界国家。 vd[?73:C
The gas has given out. \>tx:;D3
煤气用完了。 Fr_6pEH]}
My ink has run out. Ftdx+\O_i&
我的钢笔水用完了。 U;=1v:~d
2.S十V十P句式 3Ct:AJeg
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: zGwM# -
He is older than he looks. eGLB,29g
他比看上去要老。 'A,)PZL9i
He seen interested in the book. } 4ZWAzH
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 e!ql8wbp
The story sounds interesting. MJA;P7g
这个故事听起来有趣。 AHU=`z
The desk feels hard. '?$R YU,
书桌摸起来很硬。 X2E=2tXl`7
The cake tastes nice. 9/=+2SZ
饼尝起来很香。 q8}he~a
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. hGcu(kAC,
花闻起来香甜。 4N5\sdi
You have grown taller than before. H
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你长得比以前高了。 GHO6$iM)[
He has suddenly fallen ill.(examda) 6 $K@s
他突然病倒了。 3U'l'H,
He stood quite still. _K B%g_{
他静静地站看。 }tQ^ch; Q
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. wlEK"kKU
他长大后当了教师。 BDCyeC,Q3
He could never turn traitor to his country. ^I{/j'b&
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 L^=G(op*
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: ByacSN
He looked me up and down. <O.|pJus
他上下打量我。 e>P>DmlW
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. NieNfurG%
他伸出手来摸象。 . I."q
They are tasting the fish. !;K zR&
他们在品尝鱼。 G_M8? G0
They grow rice in their home town. P26"z))~d
他们在家乡种水稻。 {w@9\LsU
He's got a chair to sit on. _M^^0kf
他有椅子坐。 +.g j/uy*
Please turn the sentence into English. y8Rq2jI;(e
请把这个句于泽成英语。 /&9R*xNST#
3.S十V十O句式 IG:2<G
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: .@ZrmO
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I saw a film yesterday. Qkw?QV-`k
我昨天看了一部电影。 //RD$e?h~
Have you read the story? ]^Xj!01~
你读过这个故事吗? 5hh6;)
They found their home easily. Zy.3yQM9i
他们很容易找到他们的家。 YI`BA`BQ8
They built a house last year. i5|)|x3
他们去年建了一所房子。 yE~D0%Umq
They've put up a factory in the village. LIKQQ
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 Xq<_r^
They have taken good care of the children. Y/?z8g'p
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 D;*cy<_K8
You should look after your children well. oS}fr?
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 g1:%986jv
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 KT7R0 v
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: QjD=JC+
He gave me a book/a book to me. Wc,`L$Jx
他给我一本书。 y7R=zkd
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He brought me a pen/a pen to me. mD|Q+~=|e
他带给我一枝钢笔。 nrX+ '
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. TQPrOs?
他把座位让给我。 %$'fq*8b
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: URt+MTU[
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. |68u4z K
妈妈给我买了一本书。 9}L2$^#,NA
He got me a chair/a chair for me. `U|zNizO
他给我弄了一把椅子。 (_6JQn
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. ?YUL~P
请帮我一下。 fL("MDt
He asked me a question/a question of me. .g?D3$|K
他问我个问题。 Do5.
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: TP~1-(M)}
They robbed the old man of his money. -@Urq>^v T
他们抢了老人的钱。 mlUj%:Gm#
He's warned me of the danger. B(5>H2
他警告我注意危险。 g/\cN(X
The doctor has cured him of his disease. z@V9%xF-3
医生治好了他的病。 jSRi
We must rid the house of th erats. mdo$d-d&
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 bI_MF/r''
They deprived him of his right to speak. 'KT(;Vof
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 >oaL -01i
5.S十V十O十C句式 `e?~c'a@
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 E7_OI7C
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 DsD? &:
They made the girl angry. -_eG/o=M
他们使这个女孩生气了。 5hDy62PRr
They found her happy that day. m{~L Fhhd1
他们发现那天她很高兴。 c@)?V>oe
I found him out. ,'9R/7%s
我发现他出去了。 [Fv,`*/sm
I saw him in. ]mUt[Yy:z
我见他在家。
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They saw a foot mark in the sand. [9:";JSl"Y
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 mZmEE2h
They named the boy Charlie. qDz[=6BF
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 +Ar4X-A{y
I saw him come in and go out. 0vBQzM Q
我见他进来又出去。 AZA5>Y
They felt the car moving fast. O=lRI)6w@e
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 `D$^SHfyz
I heard the glass broken just now. B., BP
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 RAws{<6T-
He found the doctor of study closed to him. ]=I2:Rb
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。 Q~k
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