英语中基本句式 8RT<?I^5
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英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: `R*SHy!
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S十V主谓结构 LKBh{X0%(
S十V十F主系表结构 M<r]a{Yv
S十V十O主谓宾结构 u6 Yp,!+
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 owx0J,,G
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 TZhYgV
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 |G/U%?`
五个基本句式详细解释如下: yO`
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1.S十V句式 LqLhZBU9
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: qJE_4/<^!
He runs quickly. 1DlXsup&?#
他跑得快。 [6Q1yNE
They listened carefully. 1amEQ
他们听得很仔细。 *z};&UsF{
He suffered from cold and hunger. (考试大) MDBqIL]Hc
他挨冻受饿。 fw5+eTQ^
China belongs to the third world country. {Ve3EYYm
中国属于第三世界国家。 g_JQW(_
The gas has given out. -f*5lkO
煤气用完了。 xd\ml
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My ink has run out. ,w
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我的钢笔水用完了。 M9G?^mW1sT
2.S十V十P句式 3
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在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: _5S||TuNS
He is older than he looks. .<Ays?
他比看上去要老。 x.$cP
He seen interested in the book. @urZ
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。
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The story sounds interesting. O{\%{XrW
这个故事听起来有趣。 RI+Y+z
The desk feels hard. NwdrJw9
书桌摸起来很硬。 <Mu T7x-
The cake tastes nice. +Jm vB6s
饼尝起来很香。 EdTL]Xk
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. ;kWWzg
花闻起来香甜。 s}-j.jzB{
You have grown taller than before. hk$I-
你长得比以前高了。 "ZPgl 8
He has suddenly fallen ill.(examda) @eDs)mY
他突然病倒了。 i8p$wf"aW
He stood quite still. cucmn*o?
他静静地站看。 [
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He becomes a teacher when he grew up. PVIZ
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他长大后当了教师。 Onh
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He could never turn traitor to his country. m`):= ^nC
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 UG_PrZd
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: Ptcq/f
He looked me up and down. w{u,Y
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他上下打量我。 *B\ @L
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. +0j{$MPZ
他伸出手来摸象。 Rkp
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They are tasting the fish. hW9!
他们在品尝鱼。 uMpuS1
They grow rice in their home town. 3a
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他们在家乡种水稻。 {:b~^yW
He's got a chair to sit on. Z{:;LC
他有椅子坐。 o3eaNYa
Please turn the sentence into English. J7C?Z
请把这个句于泽成英语。 %#PWD7a\
3.S十V十O句式 ~-y&C%
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: Q'!'+;&%
I saw a film yesterday. Xit@.:a;
我昨天看了一部电影。 Qx3eEt@X5]
Have you read the story?
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你读过这个故事吗? 8DMqjt3B
They found their home easily. k@s<*C
他们很容易找到他们的家。 mPqKk
They built a house last year. ->o[ S0
他们去年建了一所房子。 6J#R1.h
They've put up a factory in the village. 6uKth mr
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 \IYv9ScAx
They have taken good care of the children. _?y3 &4N)
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 dZ8ldpf8
You should look after your children well. ?Q+*[YEJ5
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 {O).!
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 n@R
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在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如:
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He gave me a book/a book to me. ZR%$f-
他给我一本书。 %X^qWKix}m
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. "#gS ?aS
他带给我一枝钢笔。 |,S]EHIy
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. n%RaEL
他把座位让给我。 @$L|
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: ?~T(Cue>
Mother bought me a book/a book for me.
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妈妈给我买了一本书。 [{#TN
He got me a chair/a chair for me. 7fzH(H
他给我弄了一把椅子。 {06ClI
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. oOLA&N-A~
请帮我一下。 ]Ol
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He asked me a question/a question of me. QmGK!
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他问我个问题。 (fr=[m$`
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: J}4RJ9
They robbed the old man of his money. >Di`zw~
他们抢了老人的钱。 ]]`[tVaFr
He's warned me of the danger. s?; V!t
他警告我注意危险。 `s\[X-j]
The doctor has cured him of his disease. )+hJi/g
医生治好了他的病。 H8B.c%_|U
We must rid the house of th erats. LkK[
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我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 [;
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They deprived him of his right to speak. sAs`O@
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 \>EUa}%xn
5.S十V十O十C句式 .wWf#bB
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 =>Z4vWX*
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 M&",7CPD(1
They made the girl angry. CN-4FI)1D9
他们使这个女孩生气了。 Eg&Q,dH[
They found her happy that day. [xGL0Z%)t
他们发现那天她很高兴。 >Rdi]:]Bv
I found him out. $Op:-aW&
我发现他出去了。 /Jc^XWf
I saw him in. 8(A
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我见他在家。 LS#_K-
They saw a foot mark in the sand. :'fK`G
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他们发现沙地上有脚印。 ~U1: 0
They named the boy Charlie. l#w0-n%S
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 (f#{<^ gd
I saw him come in and go out. ]i
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我见他进来又出去。 d)$seZB
They felt the car moving fast. A9[D.W9>
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 }y*rO(cu7G
I heard the glass broken just now. C8:y+pH_U;
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 M[R'
He found the doctor of study closed to him. !+Sd%2o
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。 PbMvM
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