英语中基本句式
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英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: }8K4-[\
S十V主谓结构 [bz T&o
S十V十F主系表结构 vH[47Cv G5
S十V十O主谓宾结构 ]T:;Vo
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构
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S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 :[l\@>H1tX
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 NAC_pM&B
五个基本句式详细解释如下: |*5 =_vF
1.S十V句式 YwEpy(}hJm
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: }T2xXbU
He runs quickly. feM6K!fL`
他跑得快。 =8Jfgq9E
They listened carefully. YY((#"o;l
他们听得很仔细。 rqPo)AL
He suffered from cold and hunger. (考试大) OR1DYHHT/1
他挨冻受饿。 9m2, qr|
China belongs to the third world country. LkruL_E>
中国属于第三世界国家。 CqMhk
The gas has given out. 3f.b\4 U
煤气用完了。 #p(h]T32
My ink has run out. tc;'oMUP
我的钢笔水用完了。 !^#jwRpeN
2.S十V十P句式 "Mw[P [w*
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: Y_&g="`Q
He is older than he looks. 8I20*#
他比看上去要老。 vy2Q g
He seen interested in the book. (
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他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 O4\Z!R60g
The story sounds interesting. l:0s2
这个故事听起来有趣。 (/!r(#K0,'
The desk feels hard. sIG7S"k
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书桌摸起来很硬。 y
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The cake tastes nice. Xp\/YJOibd
饼尝起来很香。
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The flowers smell sweet and nicc. w\54j)rb
花闻起来香甜。 6R-
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You have grown taller than before. KoE8Mp
你长得比以前高了。 3~,d+P
He has suddenly fallen ill.(examda) />¬$>
他突然病倒了。 :q8b;*:
He stood quite still. V@>r*7\F
他静静地站看。 F(4?tX T
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. s]m o$ _na
他长大后当了教师。 ZX ?yL>4
He could never turn traitor to his country. A(?\>X
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他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 4S~o-`&W
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: JnHo 9K2.
He looked me up and down. D:k3"
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他上下打量我。 `cPywn@uGZ
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. 0|R# Tb;Y
他伸出手来摸象。 0sI1GhVR
They are tasting the fish. .sQ=;w/ZA
他们在品尝鱼。 fc/
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They grow rice in their home town. SyAvKd`g
他们在家乡种水稻。 pO8ePc@=D
He's got a chair to sit on. R!l:O=[<
他有椅子坐。 LL|7rS|o
Please turn the sentence into English. |_omr&[_
请把这个句于泽成英语。 dt~YW
3.S十V十O句式 rr#K"SP
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: 2e$w?W0^
I saw a film yesterday. 5 H#W[^s"
我昨天看了一部电影。 0IQ'3_
Have you read the story? ^(*n]
你读过这个故事吗? w.&1%X(k
They found their home easily. q>w)"Dd
他们很容易找到他们的家。 v
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They built a house last year. ^<LY4^
他们去年建了一所房子。 C/(M"j
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They've put up a factory in the village. c5|:,wkx
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 : Sq?a0!S
They have taken good care of the children. SZJ$w-<z
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 iS5W>1]
You should look after your children well. rp5(pV7*
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 #GJ
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4.S十V十O1十O2句式 P>9aI/d9
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: p$ bnK]
He gave me a book/a book to me. TNQP"9[?
他给我一本书。 ,t)x{I;C)
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. 0@2mXO9f"
他带给我一枝钢笔。 :_Eqf8T
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. kD[ r.Dma
他把座位让给我。 p _d:eZ
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: >AJSqgHQ,
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. !ZU2{
妈妈给我买了一本书。 ]0L&v7[
He got me a chair/a chair for me. i|1^+;
他给我弄了一把椅子。 mqq;H}
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. :UJ a&$)
请帮我一下。 XNgDf3T
He asked me a question/a question of me. d6i6hcQE
他问我个问题。 .5!t:FPOv
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: @,XSs
They robbed the old man of his money. M@W[Bz
他们抢了老人的钱。 pu,?<@0YK
He's warned me of the danger. t20PP4FWM
他警告我注意危险。 -|rLs$V1r
The doctor has cured him of his disease. cwV]!=RtO
医生治好了他的病。 ?JxbSK#
We must rid the house of th erats. z#F.xVg'
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 pKS
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They deprived him of his right to speak. %7g:}O$
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 0kDK~iT
5.S十V十O十C句式 rWh6RYd<T
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 p\{-t84n
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 21RP=0Q:
They made the girl angry. eiJ2NwR\w
他们使这个女孩生气了。 lO:.OZu
They found her happy that day. >M Jg ,
他们发现那天她很高兴。
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I found him out. Z!0]/ mCE8
我发现他出去了。 h d~$WV0#
I saw him in. 2&Nb
我见他在家。 E+C5 h
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They saw a foot mark in the sand. CQ;]J=|<_
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 y0~I
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They named the boy Charlie. d2s OYCKe
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 PCn Q_A-Q
I saw him come in and go out. L!_ZY
我见他进来又出去。 0ult7s}
They felt the car moving fast. #E0t?:t5bk
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 7k
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I heard the glass broken just now. 2wqk,c[]
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。
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He found the doctor of study closed to him. 9x+<Ik
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。 z'p:gv]
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