考博英语语法重点总结 %K|f,w =m
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独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 trwQ@
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独立主格特征 U'ctO %
1. 充当句子的状语。 r
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2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 c.Hw
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3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 UzaAL9k
4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） l 1k&@1"
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. (JlPe)Q5
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. Ut\:jV=f
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). s=(q#Z
真题剖析 27Z
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(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. }6-olVg
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because N s0,Z#Z+
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. }WIkNG4{Z
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be we` BqZV
虚拟语气 tdxzs_V,-
虚拟语气（2） u xD 3+Q
1. （should）+动词原形 mbkt7. ,P
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 } p*|8$#x"
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 uthW
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It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 qA!p7"m|
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 }wiyEVAh{
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 S :j{R^$k
would rather +动词过去式 ,M{G
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真题剖析 6?[P^{GpH
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … rIFW1`N}
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47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t 63l&
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(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. o=7,U/{D!
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded } uS0N$4
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. ]$L5}pE3
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take *1["x;A
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. 2)\->$Q(H
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) e,}h^^"
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should g?"QahH G
非谓语动词 \_, p@r]Q
动名词、分词、不定式。 9qCE{ [(
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) 1i$VX|r
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) k^;n$r"i5
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 +U<YM 94?
真题剖析 (CIcM3|9C
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. y*
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60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops F|>
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(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways.
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59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative #fa, }aj
主谓一致 c|.te]!ds
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 ,L-/7}"VHA
How you got there doesn’t concern me. '(B -{}l
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. EQlb:;j
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 Ll; v[Y
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. WT,I~'r=S
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 `.pEI q^
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 lfDd%.:q4S
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). gNP1UH4m
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 1+$F= M~
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. ) -!)D
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) f> Jj5he/
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） sc+%v1Y#}
He no less than John is interested in literature.
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7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) Vv+nq_
Either my father or my brothers are coming. t'eu>a1D
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 .q
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Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. }:faHLYT
真题剖析
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(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. {2:baoG-
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some n D/B :0'
倒装 w~Q\:<x&~Z
全部倒装 x`7Le&4f
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” MV$E_@pg
There stand big buildings in this district. va
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Here on the desk lies a pile of books.
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2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) M**Sus87Q
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. _ -RqkRI
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 p]S'pzh
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. ,X_3#!y
4. 表语位于句首 UNb 7WN
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. HqV55o5f'
Not far from here is a famous university. *c4Oh MU(
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文
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She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. ^jL)<y4`
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. I52nQCXi
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） - <x%
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. PtuRXx
部分倒装 -n"f>c_{>
1. 疑问句 Nk -xnTZ"
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） _"Y7 }A\9
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. 2* `kkS
3. “only+状语”位于句首 FYik}wH]
Only when he comes back can be leave. D#'CRJh;7
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 W!ug^2"
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. E^n!h06~G
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) (BH<\&yHE
By no means should you break the rules. ).,twf58
At no time should we give in to difficulties. tlO=>
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) !2AD/dtt
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” (&*Bl\YoX
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. ,O.iOT0=;
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house. u=@zYA(
