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外交学院考博英语样题
This examination paper consists of 3 parts: #"M ' Cs Part I tests your mastery of basic English; 3q:-98DT Part II tests your ability to understand English in context; F:/ R'0 Part III tests your reading comprehension; and p6V`b'*> Part IV tests your ability to translate. ];P^q`n=. 6(4o}Sv Total Points: 100 ? OBe!NDf Part I: Basic English (35%) s z.(_{ 5! Section A (20%) 4/{Io &| Directions: There are 40 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil. 1T n!.E * 11-40（略） $Ilr.6'; Section B (15%) YKx0Zs Directions: You will find that in each sentence a word/phrase is underlined. Below each sentence you will find four other words or phrases. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil. ^@19cU?q 47-55（略） kYAvzuGRb Part II: Cloze (10%) SMyg=B\x?7 Directions: In this part, you will read a passage with ten blanks and fill in the blanks with words or phrases given. Choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C, and D for each blank and then blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil. 'w2;oO The article refers to genetically modified fish. In the UK, and Europe, there has been a strong reaction against genetically modified(GM) crops: people are frightened of them, and do not trust scientific reports that they are harmless. Here is an extract from a report by the UK Food and Drink Federation. [oj"Tn( What about a moratorium on research? K?4(o u Some people in the UK and elsewhere are frightened of genetically modified crops; they argue that ___56___ with nature can have unpredictable consequences. So much has been written about the ____57____ risks of GM technology that there have been many calls for a “moratorium”on further research. Among those calling for a moratorium, different people have different views, as to what should be stopped. Some want all tests, even those in the ____58___, to be halted. Others want only to delay wider-scale growth of GM crops for commercial use. ||V:',#,W
Supporters of GM technology point out that some ____59____ results are to be expected in laboratory experiments. The whole point of research is to carry out such experiments in the ___60__ of the laboratory and, learning from results, establish procedures and systems to minimize risks in the field. Thereafter, it is only through field trials, and the larger-scale farm trials, that the safety or otherwise of the technology can be ____61___. $#r(1 Ev
Globally, by October 1999, 25,000 field trials of GM crops had been carried out with no __62___ adverse consequences. Supporters of GM technology argue that a moratorium on testing in the UK would mean that the country would fall behind in developing technology that is used elsewhere in the world. Others take the view that our ___63____ environment is too precious to be put at risk, however ___64___ the risk may be. They point out the dangers of cross-pollination between crops that are GM and those that are not; when this happens, genetically modified crops find their way into ___65____. 1 GdD Part III: Reading Comprehension (25%) l{6` k<J( Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil. YWRE&MQ_ Passage One ,9Z2cgXwJ Questions 66 to 70 are based on this passage. Xqg.kX Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace. This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of the members of a given society is constantly shaped by a set of dynamic variables: language, religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, aesthetics, technology, education, and social institutions. To cope with this system, an international manager needs both factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes only through experience. f `y"
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The most complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment stem from the fact that one cannot learn culture---one has to live it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that business is business the world around, following the model of Pepsi and McDonald’s. In some cases, globalization is a fact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from converging. B)r r7B
The other school proposes that companies must tailor business approaches to individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in each country has been compared to an organ transplant; the critical question centers around acceptance or rejection. The major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia or even blindness. J1tzHa6
Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large companies that earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas. The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: patience. They have not rushed into situations but rather built their operations carefully by following the most basic business principles. These principles are to know your adversary, know your audience, and know your customer. 7Ai o`&^ Passage Two {3hqp*xl Questions 71 to 75 are based on this passage. @ ]f3| >I In some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned. There are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute force; there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging. Important people on both sides, who would in other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of violence—as if it were a legitimate solution, like any other. What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all. We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged. The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing. We have still not learnt that violence never solves a problem but makes it more acute. The sheer horror, the bloodshed, the suffering mean nothing. No solution ever comes to light the morning after when we dismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us.
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The truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lie are finding it harder and harder to get a hearing. They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement. If half the energy that goes into violent acts were put to good use, if our efforts were directed at cleaning up the slums and ghettos, at improving living-standards and providing education and employment for all, we would have gone a long way to arriving at a solution. Our strength is sapped by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake. In a well-directed effort, it would not be impossible to fulfill the ideals of a stable social program. The benefits that can be derived from constructive solutions are everywhere apparent in the world around us. Genuine and lasting solutions are always possible, providing we work within the framework of the law. re; Lg
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Before we can even begin to contemplate peaceful co-existence between the races, we must appreciate each other’s problems. And to do this, we must learn about them: it is a simple exercise in communication, in exchanging information. “Talk, talk, talk,” the advocates of violence say, “all you ever do is talk, and we are none the wiser.” It’s rather like the story of the famous barrister who painstakingly explained his case to the judge. After listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser. “Possible, my lord,” the barrister replied, “none the wiser, but surely far better informed.” Knowledge is the necessary prerequisite to wisdom: the knowledge that violence creates the evils it pretends to solve. }2l O _i}L 76-90（略） {\G `]r-cM Part IV: Translation (30%) 7 Wl-n Section A 83 I-X95 Translate the following paragraph into Chinese. (15%) PLA#!$c7q As a symbol of the extraordinary boom of the past decade, the rise of the big emerging economies rivalled the soaring US housing market. E]I$}>k
China led the way, followed at a slower pace by the likes of India and Brazil. But though they tried to insulate themselves against the boom-bust cycle by building up foreign exchange reserves, no amount of inoculation could render them completely immune to the virulence of the financial contagion that swept the world in September and October. Qz,|mo+
In early November Beijing announced a Rmb4,000bn ($584bn) fiscal stimulus plan—a "shock and awe" manoeuvre that revealed just how concerned the government was. ^m! _ 2_q
As for Brazil, a country traditionally susceptible to capital market crises has shown some resilience. But the coming slowdown, even if it does not qualify as a recession, appears certain to feel like one. 5u$ D/*
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For the moment, most of the big emerging markets are facing a severe drama rather than a full crisis. But their cushions of foreign exchange reserves have not been enough to insulate them from this year's extraordinary global economic dislocation. j 1*f]va Section B :
Q_3hK Translate the following paragraph into English. (15%) _=EKXE)&} 从二十世纪六十年代开始，一些新权利也同样在非经济领域得到了拓展。但是，反对者担心如果这些新权力应用得过多，他们会最终损害到美国的社会秩序。例如，从二十世纪六十年代开始，囚犯的权利增加了。反对者认为，如果囚犯的权利过多，监狱的管理就会变得非常困难。另一个例子是恐怖分子的权利问题。有些美国人认为，那些代表国际恐怖组织利益、试图损害和摧毁美国的人应该同普通罪犯一样，拥有接受公正审判的权利。反对者则提出，如果每个恐怖分子都拥有上述权利，就谈不上保护国家免受恐怖组织的威胁了。比方说，由于恐怖分子嫌疑人数量巨大，不可能让每个嫌疑人都获得正常的审判，由陪审团审理并由法院提供辩护律师。也正因如此，反对者们认为应将恐怖分子嫌疑人作为“敌方参战人员”来对待，并给与军事审判。 Ps 4 ZFX
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