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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 +lY\r +;  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 Z_eqM4{  
  1 、医生 jk WBw.(  
  ① doctor, medical worker baO&n  
  ② physician 内科医生 J. CZR[XF#  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 RP ScP  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 W2X+ N acD  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 RN cI]oJ  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生  ^qSf  
uMq\];7I  
  2 、医院 !'6J;Fb#  
  ① hospital )nbyV a  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 rsq'6 0  
  The general hospital 普通医院 YA/H;707l  
  The community hospital 社区医院 <try%p|f  
  The public hospital 公立医院 7\Yq]:;O  
  The private hospital 私立医院 U 8 .0L  
  ② clinc 门诊 st1M.}  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 Z)Xq!]~/g  
  ③ ward 病房 sV Z}nq{  
④ medical team 医疗队 ./5MsHfbxt  
+MZ2e^\F  
3、 医疗手段 Qg8eq_m(  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 Ov{B-zCA  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 !UPAEA  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 2[bR6 T89  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis L 52z  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 T J"{nB  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | K`AW?p^$Y  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 RWEgUDX^/  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 [+[fD  
(9)              TCM 中医 }e;p8)]Wl  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 O'?lW~CD.>  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 :d/:Ga5v!  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 E<.{ v\  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 Q!$kUcky9  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 R|^t~ h-  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; ^<H#dkECG  
,jdKcWy'  
  4 、医疗体制 )}k`X<~k  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 m:o$|7r  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 r'}k`A 5>  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 l'X?S(fiV  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 L?pvz}  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 iS^^Z ZyR  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 O"w_ sw  
Vf* B1Zb  
  5 、医德 [;\< 2=H  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 ;jfXU_K  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 O#ajoE  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 w[7HY@[  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 D"><S<C\C  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 b8xfV{3L  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 )e$-B]>7z  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 s#CEhb  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people )eVDp,.^  
A&|(%  
  6 、病人 iY`7\/H!L  
  (1 )patient H<3b+Sg  
  (2 )the sick %1l80Z  
  (3 )the invalid Y@xeyMzE  
  (4) sufferer Y  .X-8  
   P<oD*C  
(二)疾病 D+nj[8y  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 9!<3qx/  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) )1'_g4  
  (2) contract (v ) "pJ EzC  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 ymJw{&^am  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 Z#t.wWSq  
}tgn1xpx  
  2 、必知疾病名称 bao5^t}  
  heart disease 心脏病  PW\FcT  
  hypertension 高血压 JqIv&W  
  kidney problem 肾病 zb*4Nsda:  
  stroke 中风 "uNxK LDB  
    shock 休克 *y$ry]   
  the blood pressure 血压 ^d=@RTyo/  
  diabetes 糖尿病 > %*X2'^  
  obesity 肥胖 "+Yn;9  
  terminal illness 绝症 `^Sq>R!;  
  incurable illness 不治之症 m eWq9:z  
  cancer 癌症 gx.]4 v  
  tumor 肿瘤 ~#Mx&mZ  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 )xs,  
  emergency case 急症 I=-;*3g6  
  serious illness 重症 (KU@hp-\  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 |a\TUzq  
  short breath 短气 N* - Z Jv  
  syndrome 综合症 d8I:F9  
  complications 并发症 md s\~l73  
  process 病程 ^%^0x'"  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 9^olAfX`dB  
short-sighted (adj)近视 Z}f_\d'  
I-hhHm<@  
  3、传染病 TD9`S SpP  
  (1) 感染源 GC3L2C0)k  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 }aIf IJ  
  (2 )传染疾病 9mm(?O~'p  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫  (La  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 9m!fW|4  
  infection contagion 传染病 m8' 1@1d|  
  infectious diseases 传染病 ARo5 Ss{  
  AIDS 艾滋病 S#dS5OX  
  SARS @9a=D<'>  
  (3) 传染 eW%jDsC  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 .EwK>ro4  
  block the channel (v) ] fB{   
  disseminate 传播 kvn6 NiU  
cross infection 交叉感染 f' S"F  
H2vEFnV  
  5 、疾病、病痛 dPId= w)  
  illness d\M !o*U  
  sickness <5%We(3  
  disease J;dFmZOk  
  ailment S{6u\Vy  
suffering mr? ii  
KMZ`Wn=  
  6 、疾病的转归 v},sWjv  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 ^(R gSMuT`  
  recover recovery ,fn=%tiUk  
  recuperate z?xd\x  
  resume 3Daq5(fLP  
  recruit >B0S5:S$W  
  reinstate 26A#X  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 b%(0AL  
  deteriorate yyc&'J  
  aggravate ?AE%N.rnsi  
  exasperate G`jhzG  
  make worse ^_uzr}LE`  
  worsen ]CjODa  
   V|= 1<v  
    7、其他相关词汇 F+GQl  
  outbreak and spending |@RO&F  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 !wgj$5Rw.  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 0Ko,S(M_  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 '5%DKz  
  taboo 禁忌 LPC7Bdjz  
  speed up blood circulation (v) &N EzKf  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) yAOC<d9 E  
  side effects 副反应 $a G'.0HW  
complain of 主述 ]zO]*d=m  
a <3oyY'  
   <:?&}'aA  
(三)药物 \sk,3b-&'  
  1 、药物名称 L2 I/h`n"  
  medicine ~Sh}\&3p  
  drug 4ngiad6bR  
  remedy !%Ak15o  
  medicinal herbs { Z|C  
  power ?B-aj  
  tablet VR'w$m p  
pill rTi.k  
pRC#DHcHh  
  2 、药物用法 `q F:rQ  
  开药 : ]|-y[iu  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases b&LhydaJ  
  write out a proscription YXmLd'F^3  
  服药 pD){K  
  take a medicine giI9- C  
  治…的疾病 'HOt?lpu!  
a remedy for some diseases v'|Dj^3[  
sUg 7  
3 、其他相关词汇 M,l Ib9  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 -`rz[";n  
  side effects 副反应 `AYHCn  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 %R}}1  
  drugstore 药房 rl!c\  
  over the counter 非处方药 q'PA2a:  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 'GAjx{gM  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 RsY|V|<  
  prescription 处方 b8>r UGA{  
  expenses for medicine 药费 !sUo+Y  
  charges for medicine tM~R?9OaJ  
drug rebate 药品回扣 Zpg$:Rr  
y6;A4p>  
   %|4Nmf$:Og  
(四)心理疾病 {]`O$S  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 NCBS=L:  
  subhealth 亚健康 )| 3?7?X  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 Ow<=K:^  
  psychological problem 心理问题 %b0..Zz  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 mI@]{K}Q%  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 W$  M4#  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 _r&`[@m  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 !f j DO!,!  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 1%t9ic  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 a//<S?d$:  
psychological expert 心理专家 Q % )fuI  
RoT}L#!!  
  2 、情绪词汇 Fep#Pw1  
  overcome gm\P`~+o  
  disappoint "I}3*s9Q-  
  disappointed hxGZ}zq*S  
  shy , |-%[Z  
  flush L slI!.(  
  frustration JT#jJ/^  
  failure tY~EB.%  
  willpower 1!~=8FTv  
  optimism V*"-@  
  optimistic mbK$_HvU  
  be sensitive to 4[v % ]g`  
  nervous <!Ed ND=  
  tensional IC"bg<L,*  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic Bq3"l%hI  
  confident confidence >|'u:`A  
  stress pressure q'fZA;  
  depress depressed JvX]^t/}  
  depression depressive b"DaLwKkz  
   o'O;69D]tX  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 :[YHJaK  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary P|%uB'|H  
   I7,5ID4pn  
(五)肥胖与营养 W;!OxOWZJ  
  1 、营养物质 H\H4AAP5F$  
  nutrient 营养素 j1D 1tn  
  protein 蛋白质 /enlkZx=8  
  fat 脂肪 e!k1GTH^  
  glucose 葡萄糖 7vZtEwC)n  
  vitamin 维生素 "%]<Co<S  
  sugar 糖类 ;+C2P@M  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 d^h`gu~3  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 0])D)%B k  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 %x{jmZ$}  
cholesterol胆固醇 bji5X')~#  
eLFxGZZ  
  2 、营养与饮食 k6eh$*!  
  a well-balanced diet M]|tXo$?  
  nutrition 营养 (-S\%,hO  
  nutritional 营养的 |Yb]@9 >vn  
=)b!M^=X-a  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 F-R5Ib-F*A  
>E lK8  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall !#&`1cYX  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase POXd,ON9  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; rF?gKk  
4.       食品安全 food safety h4ozwVA  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies 3ch <a0  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to R<djW5()f  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU 8yC t(ms  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system k%D|17I  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care H~$* R7~  
10.   服务体系service system A x`:c0y9uG  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene eQqnPqi-  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. ;{lb_du2:  
13.   清淡的lite k'8tqIUN]  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet ;~,)6UX7  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN eC{St0  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 -bd'sv  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; #fx>{ vzH  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease mWUkkR(/  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; Y{d-k1?s5  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion "IHFme@^  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" dL]wu! wE  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission 6bDizS}  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D ]T<tkvcI  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate 4#,,_\r  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness kBU`Q{.  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s BgT(~8'  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse z3c7  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to gNJdP!(t  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – s:K'I7_#@  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver s<+;5, Q|  
31.   血压 hypertension NTo[di\_  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon @_$Un&eo  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 G0A\"2U  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ 3bRW]mP8  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 #-i#mbZ e  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health xO^lE@a o  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds uPy5<c  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations |xF!3GGms  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle z=TO G P(  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 "ql$Rz8  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people BRa9j:_b  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent S5kD|kJ  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from 8|(],NyEJ  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to nu)YN1 *  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to UhJ{MUH`  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to b0/YX@  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive z9!OzGtIR  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak +/bD9x1H  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly rog1  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations qyAnq%B}  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon $o0.oY#  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate +f%"O?  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy l,~`o$ _  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances B &7NF}CF2  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance /OYa1,  
56.   退休养老金retirement n Ex Q\qp3  
57.   医疗改革health care reform VR .t  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity =j{tFxJ  
59.   月经期menstrual period S j0j!oj)7I  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace r B{w4  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care ZyDNtX%  
62.   安乐死euthanasia 7r50y>  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill //;(KmU9  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! vcsSi%M\U  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient W/%hS)75  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. AorY#oq  
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