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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 i-'rS/R  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 9I:H=5c  
  1 、医生 AK/_^?zAs  
  ① doctor, medical worker NX^%a1D!  
  ② physician 内科医生 ZlHN-!OZp  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生  2L~[dn.s  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 fT-yY`  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 6Hz45  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 M4rOnIJ  
\Ze"Hv  
  2 、医院 5fK#*(x  
  ① hospital }];8v+M  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 /h=:heS4$  
  The general hospital 普通医院 HY.?? 5MH  
  The community hospital 社区医院 UC)-Fd  
  The public hospital 公立医院 7tgn"wK  
  The private hospital 私立医院 }5Yd:%u5  
  ② clinc 门诊 []D@"Bz  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 m"P"iK/Av(  
  ③ ward 病房 sEj?,1jk  
④ medical team 医疗队 _q >>]{5  
=FkU: q$  
3、 医疗手段 zT[[WY4  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 #WD} XOA  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 **L. !/  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 *xxG@h|5 n  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis ~U+SK4SK:o  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 d Ybb>rlu  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | _Y '+E  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 u?[dy n  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 yjUSM}$  
(9)              TCM 中医 >r] bfN,  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 w) o^?9T  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 irSdqa/  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 k23*F0Dv  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 b&BSigrvou  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 [ay~l%x  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; : E `N0UA  
&DC o;Ij;  
  4 、医疗体制 |7Z7_YWs  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 f(Q-W6  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 nlaJ  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 KN>U6=WN  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 @N?A 0S/  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 uop|8n1  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 Q70LQCms  
o*7`r~  
  5 、医德 Gp.+&\vi  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 tZR %s  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 vzVXRX  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 !\.%^LK1  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 zoYw[YP9  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 5\Sm^t|Tx  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 Y>*{(QD  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 aW-'Jg=@H^  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people Id3i qAL  
$OK}jSH*v)  
  6 、病人 a=3?hVpB  
  (1 )patient [ UN`~  
  (2 )the sick =H&@9=D*  
  (3 )the invalid *I 7$\0Q  
  (4) sufferer HY[eo/nM1d  
   ^Wk.D-  
(二)疾病 |V#h "s  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 ,zmGKn#n2  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) . iFd  
  (2) contract (v ) b= <xzvy  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 .\1{>A  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 _U<sz{6  
_:|/4.]`_  
  2 、必知疾病名称 ][R#Q;y<  
  heart disease 心脏病 wIT0A-Por4  
  hypertension 高血压 S7SD$+fX  
  kidney problem 肾病 <a_Q1 l  
  stroke 中风 ~$7fU  
    shock 休克 HS!O;7s'  
  the blood pressure 血压 J}IHQZS  
  diabetes 糖尿病 gKK*` L~  
  obesity 肥胖  ?Y4$  
  terminal illness 绝症 {%!.aQ ,  
  incurable illness 不治之症 :BFecS&i5  
  cancer 癌症 P)h e3  
  tumor 肿瘤 4?GW]'d  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 Cf#[E~24  
  emergency case 急症 k!Y7 Rc{"  
  serious illness 重症 -A}U^-'a}  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 P~Cx#`#(V  
  short breath 短气  f,utA3[  
  syndrome 综合症 U2  0@B`<  
  complications 并发症 $J8?!Xg  
  process 病程 S+LE ASOr  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 V@6,\1#`|  
short-sighted (adj)近视 hiKgV|ZD  
RtZK2  
  3、传染病 u*#j;Xc  
  (1) 感染源 =?Y%w%2  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 t e e  
  (2 )传染疾病 z:C VzK,  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 )%D2JC  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 1an?/j,  
  infection contagion 传染病 tz0_S7h  
  infectious diseases 传染病 EC *rd  
  AIDS 艾滋病 E3bS Q  
  SARS  [gK (x%  
  (3) 传染 px!lJtvgo  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 tBSHMz  
  block the channel (v) _=ani9E]uF  
  disseminate 传播 7v9l+OX,6  
cross infection 交叉感染 I7!+~uX  
.QRa{l_)  
  5 、疾病、病痛 lCmT m  
  illness :q6j{C(  
  sickness H^UuT  
  disease eJWcrVpn  
  ailment 7A!E~/nSC  
suffering 9b KK  
qY^OO~[  
  6 、疾病的转归 1=fP68n  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 M<'AM4  
  recover recovery tqdw y.  
  recuperate S.,om;`  
  resume TFrZ+CcWp2  
  recruit 3LT[?C]H$  
  reinstate E1p?v!   
  (2) 疾病的恶化 fTn  
  deteriorate Qx$C oY  
  aggravate 9 F"2$;  
  exasperate AF-4b*oB  
  make worse N@Ie VF  
  worsen ,MH9e!  
   1 +P&O4>  
    7、其他相关词汇 P2lDi!q|  
  outbreak and spending sj@B0R=Qo  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 37:\X5)z/  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 !'E{D`A9  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 ^pAgo B  
  taboo 禁忌 Knd2s~S  
  speed up blood circulation (v) (`z`ni  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) 5u(B]_r.  
  side effects 副反应 D;~c`G "f  
complain of 主述 :%&~/@B  
<$#;J>{WV  
   gpo+-NnG  
(三)药物 OQ,KQ\  
  1 、药物名称 2m$\]\kCUv  
  medicine Rh%c<</`0s  
  drug =D1%-ym  
  remedy t-, =sV  
  medicinal herbs )FF3|dZ";K  
  power ,U-aZ  
  tablet !KYX\HRW  
pill K'Gv+UC*6  
0vu$d xb[  
  2 、药物用法 .{pc5 eUf  
  开药 : FZUN*5`  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases Y|NL #F  
  write out a proscription WH@CH4WM  
  服药 hcQky/c\#b  
  take a medicine m^6& !`CD  
  治…的疾病 ;rD M%S@  
a remedy for some diseases @k"Q e&BQ  
,};UD  W  
3 、其他相关词汇 >= G{.H  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 $i:wS= w'  
  side effects 副反应 9e`.H0  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 tC 4:cX  
  drugstore 药房 BCrX>Pp }r  
  over the counter 非处方药 v2vPf b  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 9>@@W#TK~  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 _8-iO.T+2  
  prescription 处方 v, =[!=8!  
  expenses for medicine 药费 oNk ASAd  
  charges for medicine "kYzgi  
drug rebate 药品回扣 ZQ&A '(tt4  
M9 _G  
   C4Tn  
(四)心理疾病 H(MCY3t  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 ?Re6oLm<B  
  subhealth 亚健康 nBVR)|+M  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 U}6F B =  
  psychological problem 心理问题 a!_vd B  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 <c,/+ lQ^  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 -G!W6$Y  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 $& 0hpg  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 ,b&-o?.{  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 d G}.T_l  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 yq?7!X  
psychological expert 心理专家 C4#EN}  
#[4MwM3  
  2 、情绪词汇 01/?  
  overcome x/7d!>#;  
  disappoint BIFuQ?j3  
  disappointed ))pp{X2m  
  shy , yf KJpy  
  flush S$=e %c  
  frustration isdEs k#A.  
  failure kpe7\nd=>  
  willpower :;wb{q$O  
  optimism C< :F<[H  
  optimistic FUq>+U!Qu  
  be sensitive to 5i 6*$#OM_  
  nervous +npcU:(Kg  
  tensional %(EUZu2  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic ;+) M~2 =  
  confident confidence zF& >1y.$  
  stress pressure K3c(c%$<R  
  depress depressed !k=>Wb8n2  
  depression depressive ]^='aQ  
   7_AR()CM  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 ,| \62B`  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary m &U $V  
   3$R^tY2UU  
(五)肥胖与营养 91Cg   
  1 、营养物质 |_Y[93 1<  
  nutrient 营养素 _` %z  
  protein 蛋白质 B{D!5{t  
  fat 脂肪 dM A"% R  
  glucose 葡萄糖 UUxDW3K  
  vitamin 维生素 HMUn+kk+  
  sugar 糖类 Iw ? M>'l  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 b,?@_*qv+  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 Lv;R8^n  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 aB`x5vg7ho  
cholesterol胆固醇 n9J.]+@J  
=Vgj=19X(  
  2 、营养与饮食 }y-b<J ?H  
  a well-balanced diet -L9I;]:KY  
  nutrition 营养 oSb,)k@  
  nutritional 营养的 Wr\rruH6  
x5Sc+5?*  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 F5CV<-jB  
);LkEXC_'  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall UMg*Yv%  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase Bn7~p+N  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; it2@hZc5  
4.       食品安全 food safety ToUeXU [  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies ?i.]|#{Z  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to DU6AlNx  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU t 3TnqA  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system ! H)D@,@&  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care 0@R @L}m  
10.   服务体系service system A : "[dr~.  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene 0Hz*L,Bh4  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. EwSE;R -  
13.   清淡的lite :*wnO;eN  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet qb+vptg@I  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN 5feCA ,v7  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 hWGCYkuW  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; Pv.z~~l Y  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease =sG9]a<I  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; D`=hP( y^  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion ';buS -|6  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" nw3CI&Y`  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission tqY)   
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D ni#!Gxw  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate /J8'mCuC.  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness Te`Z Qqb  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s ;J3az`  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse x\vb@!BZ  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to kve{CO*  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – 8=^o2&  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver (,<ti):  
31.   血压 hypertension V~y4mpfX  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon N@UO8'"9K&  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 w, u`06  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ v4}kmH1  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 ]XEkQ  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health GI}h )T  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds RltG/ZI  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations <$s G]l!\  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle ZFy>Z:&S,  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 [{F8+a^  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people %=J<WA6\  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent v>TI.;{y  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from 8phc ekh+  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to ~y{(&7sM  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to [o)P  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to rt5UT~  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive G0Wzx)3]  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak EJYfk?(B  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly -`6O(he  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations -b-Pvw4  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon v2 [ l$  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate ,D-VC{lj  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy 4.bL>Y>c  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances 28M! G~|  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance ?\:ysTVu  
56.   退休养老金retirement n K"1xtpy  
57.   医疗改革health care reform zH8l-0I+$  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity :g/HN9  
59.   月经期menstrual period S j3F[C:-zY  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace )K\w0sjR  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care Y[x9c0  
62.   安乐死euthanasia Ftj3` Mu  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill ^1U2&S  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! 6sl*Ko[  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient , %X~/V  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. ;<%~g8:XL  
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