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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 ~dLe9-_9  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 MW=rX>tE  
  1 、医生 "c![s%  
  ① doctor, medical worker t1G2A`  
  ② physician 内科医生 [.;8G MW  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 K n2W{*wD  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 C.se/\PE  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 ~Q=^YZgn8  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 QR$m i1Vv\  
)1O|+m k  
  2 、医院 E clsOBg  
  ① hospital SWNT}{x]  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 2}5@: cwR+  
  The general hospital 普通医院 mH'om SCz  
  The community hospital 社区医院 0X%#9s ~  
  The public hospital 公立医院 5[^Rf'wy  
  The private hospital 私立医院 _ n4C~  
  ② clinc 门诊 _~!c%_  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 =DI/|^j{ ;  
  ③ ward 病房 2JHV*/Q  
④ medical team 医疗队 mEV@~){  
SqoO "(1x  
3、 医疗手段 Ko FWI_(b  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 Wix4se1Ac  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 N$cAX^~  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 2*zMLI0.  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis @$?*UI6y  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 UR[UZ4G  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | p{w;y6e  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 .3xf!E*  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 NHzVA*f  
(9)              TCM 中医 Qs_]U  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 <ceJ!"L  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 >+*lG>!z  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 g"D:zK)  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 0Y*Ag ,S  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 h ?+vH{}j  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; 0JLQ.%_  
vNAQ/Q  
  4 、医疗体制 Qr[".>+  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 SCXtBZ`.G  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 }yM!o` 90  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 t` zPx#])  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 WD#7Q&T(;  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 {7 nz:f  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 rd}|^&e!Dy  
wmFS+F4`2  
  5 、医德 Ba;tEF{X  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 CNyV6jb  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 DgC;1U'  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 /@K1"/fqH  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 ')j@OO3  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 (rjv3=9\3  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 ,+E"s3NW  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 Z< $ y)bf  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people =7<g;u   
{us"=JJVN  
  6 、病人 <qCfw>%2F  
  (1 )patient  :O{ ZZ  
  (2 )the sick .V|o-~c  
  (3 )the invalid dL>8|  
  (4) sufferer !"N-To-c  
   <5l!xzvw  
(二)疾病 mdukl!_x  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 u6~/" _FwY  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) Py-}tFr  
  (2) contract (v ) R3@$ao  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 bupDnTF  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 p*" H&xA@  
TTzvH;S  
  2 、必知疾病名称 [f\TnXq24  
  heart disease 心脏病 R(N5K4J  
  hypertension 高血压 W\JwEb9Y  
  kidney problem 肾病 W&8)yog.  
  stroke 中风 K cNh3CR  
    shock 休克 fr([g?F%D  
  the blood pressure 血压  oN7JNMT  
  diabetes 糖尿病 z\ ?cazQ  
  obesity 肥胖 V.Ki$0>  
  terminal illness 绝症 W4o$J4IX{  
  incurable illness 不治之症 Fb9!x/$tGV  
  cancer 癌症 bClMM  
  tumor 肿瘤 "]0sR  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 SN/ e41  
  emergency case 急症 9py *gN#  
  serious illness 重症 LU4k/  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 c>nXnN  
  short breath 短气 ?go+oS^  
  syndrome 综合症 (:2,Rr1"  
  complications 并发症 8rx"D`{|  
  process 病程 bhWH  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 b 5X~^L  
short-sighted (adj)近视 ypK1 sw  
}- P ='AyL  
  3、传染病 KixS)sG  
  (1) 感染源  YYc.e T<  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 * vMNv  
  (2 )传染疾病 5VG[FY6Pl  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 m gxoM|n6  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 7jL3mI;n%;  
  infection contagion 传染病 tuF hPqe {  
  infectious diseases 传染病 05cyWg9a  
  AIDS 艾滋病 ~\^h;A'3  
  SARS ,>rr|O  
  (3) 传染 ~Yw`w 2  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 8- U1Y  
  block the channel (v) ;/Z9M"!u[  
  disseminate 传播 :DlgNR` bq  
cross infection 交叉感染 5uU .K3G7  
%ur_DQ  
  5 、疾病、病痛 i]@QxzCSF  
  illness 8 N5ga  
  sickness YGj3W.eH  
  disease 9{;cp?\)M  
  ailment F(w  
suffering w,t>M_( N  
!e}LB% zf  
  6 、疾病的转归 _'yN4>=6u  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 ;;9W/m~]  
  recover recovery oP$l(k  
  recuperate FM)Es&p &  
  resume pt rQ~m-  
  recruit 'ow`e j  
  reinstate ){PL6|5x  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 43"` gF]  
  deteriorate l 4zl|6%  
  aggravate  i,{'}B  
  exasperate aP%2CP~_P  
  make worse vakAl;  
  worsen '8Q:}{  
   0'giAA  
    7、其他相关词汇 8Rgvb3u  
  outbreak and spending oA^aT:o +  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 j{i3lGaN  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 L8&$o2+07r  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 s<i& q {r  
  taboo 禁忌 z%Xz*uu(|  
  speed up blood circulation (v) @A_bZQ@  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) om`x"x&6  
  side effects 副反应 \ 2$nFr?0  
complain of 主述 -'j_JJ  
R. sRH/6  
   `aj;FrF  
(三)药物 Osb#<9{}  
  1 、药物名称 p[Pa(a,B7  
  medicine 3yWu-U \k  
  drug ?onaJ=mT  
  remedy wUGSM"~ |  
  medicinal herbs 5B&#Sh`r  
  power 3D)gy9T&l  
  tablet G:W4<w  
pill P}] xz Vy  
~ . }  
  2 、药物用法 SLzxF uV  
  开药 : 'W!N1W@  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases E8[{U8)[;5  
  write out a proscription :[;]6;  
  服药 IFr q\H0  
  take a medicine ,G";ny[$  
  治…的疾病 DB1GW,  
a remedy for some diseases [(Z sQK  
yZ  {H  
3 、其他相关词汇 [@SLt$9"  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 -P|EV|8=  
  side effects 副反应 'ZyHp=RN)  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 KmuE#Ia  
  drugstore 药房 h8IjTd]z{$  
  over the counter 非处方药 .rfufx9Sw  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 K\Oz ~,z  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 q3+G  
  prescription 处方 3j{VpacZY  
  expenses for medicine 药费 A=Au>"nAA  
  charges for medicine [kdt]+'+  
drug rebate 药品回扣 h, |49~^@"  
TW 2OT }  
   ;>*l?m-S@n  
(四)心理疾病 {@T8i ^EI  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 ]Y#$!fIx  
  subhealth 亚健康 :HSqa9>wa  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 ~7Ji+AJA  
  psychological problem 心理问题 ]LFY2w<  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 owClnp9K  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 2?3D` `  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 i^c  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 @@L@r6  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 O34'c_ fZ  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 -4 P2 2  
psychological expert 心理专家 k+xj 2)d7  
`aY{$>$S  
  2 、情绪词汇 Lod$&k@@  
  overcome !FhK<#  
  disappoint K`!q1 g`  
  disappointed TGnyN'P|  
  shy , az7<@vSXi  
  flush 65FdA-4  
  frustration PP+{zy9Sb  
  failure !!Tk'=t9"3  
  willpower )^+v*=Dc-i  
  optimism ny:c&XS  
  optimistic vkE[Ur>  
  be sensitive to 0{ov LzW  
  nervous Vq`i.>%5  
  tensional @:$zReS2  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic lf3:Z5*&>  
  confident confidence (5@9 j  
  stress pressure !ndc <],  
  depress depressed uHdrHP  
  depression depressive {;4AdZk  
   ,RFcR[ak  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 bK `'zi  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary b&uo^G,  
   \LB =_W$  
(五)肥胖与营养 n50XGv  
  1 、营养物质 5q[0;`J  
  nutrient 营养素 M70Xdn  
  protein 蛋白质 *JXiOs  
  fat 脂肪 ;u LD_1%  
  glucose 葡萄糖 mLM$dk3  
  vitamin 维生素 gx&BzODPd0  
  sugar 糖类 >8;Co]::kx  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 Vm]ltiTVk  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 S5ka;g  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料  }9fH`C/m  
cholesterol胆固醇 6L~@jg~0A[  
HxJKS*H;  
  2 、营养与饮食 >`DbT:/<  
  a well-balanced diet &)L2a)  
  nutrition 营养 07-S%L7Z  
  nutritional 营养的 eW)(u$C|qL  
6~\z]LZ  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 lpkg( J#&  
ZjLzS]\a  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall TEOV>Tt  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase QZk:G+ $  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; W5*%n]s~  
4.       食品安全 food safety k{n*[)m  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies ZjY_AbD  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to wzB*M}3  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU W;*rSK|(Sc  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system (5?5? <  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care #"d.D7nA  
10.   服务体系service system A Q17"hO>kC  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene %[4/UD=7  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. OxX{[|!`  
13.   清淡的lite 1&c>v3 $2  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet L7mN&Xr  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN vTjgW?9  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 ~c[} %Ir>  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; c"t1E-Nsk  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease c\UVMyE  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; (6z^m?t?  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion t$r^'ZN  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" n1o/-UY  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission +Uq9C-Iu  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D qf+jfc(Iby  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate nul?5{z@  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness cO<]%L0  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s rwFR5  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse HKq 2X4J$  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to b>E%&sf  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – #h ;j2  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver 28SlFu?  
31.   血压 hypertension m{!BSl  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon tu77Sb  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 x@2rfs  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ u_@%}zo?5*  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 qyUcjc%[  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health nSsVONHfa  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds Ol9U^  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations xj{X#[q):  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle O 4N_lr~  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 lZ0+:DaP2  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people r4JXbh6Tt  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent <Nv w w  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from ,TOLr%+v~n  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to \bQ|O7s  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to XZcsx  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to !/< 5.9!9r  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive =t@m:  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak ?*}76u  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly FtM7+>Do.  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations jm RYL("  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon z$ysp!  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate huvg'Y t  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy dwrc"GK!o  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances r4 +w?=`  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance j`,;J[Zd`h  
56.   退休养老金retirement n 0 #K@^a  
57.   医疗改革health care reform (N;Jw^C@  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity :m#vvH  
59.   月经期menstrual period S &@dMk4BH<  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace  :U)e 8  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care 4Xz6JJ1U[H  
62.   安乐死euthanasia H7Y}qP5X  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill {!N4|  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! #cdLg-v  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient  Xid>8  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. X'k w5P!sq  
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