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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 7~e,"^>T  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 _x,X0ncv]@  
  1 、医生 mgAjD.  
  ① doctor, medical worker .gx^L=O:  
  ② physician 内科医生 4v\HaOk  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 gjDNl/r/  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 S hI1f  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 PR %)3  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 xsZG(Tz  
:?6HG_9X  
  2 、医院 ,8@<sF B'  
  ① hospital J:@gmo`M;V  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 kpgA2u7  
  The general hospital 普通医院 L 4j#0I]lq  
  The community hospital 社区医院 3W?7hh  
  The public hospital 公立医院 pU7;!u:c4%  
  The private hospital 私立医院 8z`ZHn3=  
  ② clinc 门诊 * ,a F-  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 q<&1,^ A  
  ③ ward 病房 .-Lrrk)R+  
④ medical team 医疗队 Bl b#h  
^Arv6kD,  
3、 医疗手段 x%viCkq  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 xMjhC;i{  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 6$urrSQ`N0  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 @z1QoZ^w  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis 1&boD\ 7  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 w}3N!jNDv  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | w+)${|N?  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 .LDZqWr-  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 }4C_r'd6  
(9)              TCM 中医 |T<aWZb^=  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 Y#F.{ i  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 KQf WpHwfj  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 a=MN:s?Fc0  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 t% qep|  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 +=($mcw#[  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; k4q":}M  
kLgkUck8]  
  4 、医疗体制 5M5Bm[X  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 : !aLa}`@  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 KrGl}|  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 /|v4]t-  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 S`s]zdUTP  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 EE"8s7ZF  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 .YF1H<gwa  
PNm@mC_fh  
  5 、医德 !<];N0nt#  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 (.#nl}fA  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 J 1w[gf]J  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 i9ySD  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 $z$^ yjL  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 T,!EL +o4  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 GN_L"|#)=  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 %,[,mW4l   
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people F(VVb(\jd  
daSe0:daJ  
  6 、病人 kZ5#a)U<  
  (1 )patient ZUS-4'"$  
  (2 )the sick !=YEhQ-  
  (3 )the invalid |^1g*f y?  
  (4) sufferer }#s{."  
   2Hd\>{*  
(二)疾病 Vit-)o{zr  
  1 、 患病的表达方式  bUcp8  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) ;a?<7LIx  
  (2) contract (v ) RG'iWA,9m`  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 ^}P94(oz  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 5Y+YN1  
cAN!5?D\  
  2 、必知疾病名称 ,P9F*;Dj  
  heart disease 心脏病 Pm%xX ~H  
  hypertension 高血压 ?kR1T0lKkE  
  kidney problem 肾病 8y27O  
  stroke 中风 ''auu4vF  
    shock 休克 e%e.|+  
  the blood pressure 血压 g-K;J4 K%  
  diabetes 糖尿病 |tAkv  
  obesity 肥胖 dU9;sx  
  terminal illness 绝症 6 rnFXZ\  
  incurable illness 不治之症 ;+DEU0|pe  
  cancer 癌症 P%:?"t+J`;  
  tumor 肿瘤 MiZ<v/L2  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 #HV5M1mb  
  emergency case 急症 ;t*SG*Vi  
  serious illness 重症 QKjn/%l"@  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 <( OHX3~  
  short breath 短气 t*= nI $  
  syndrome 综合症 ^ ##j {h7  
  complications 并发症 CF>&mXg\  
  process 病程 )P7ep  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 >/74u/&  
short-sighted (adj)近视 /)kJ iV  
<n,QSy#  
  3、传染病 *f 7rLM*  
  (1) 感染源 MB;rxUbhe3  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 ~qZ6I)?  
  (2 )传染疾病 I=dn]}b#P  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 R]yce2w"z  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 D SX%SE)  
  infection contagion 传染病 8KJ`+"<=@  
  infectious diseases 传染病 K&&T:'=/  
  AIDS 艾滋病 {X<g93  
  SARS G>"n6v'^d  
  (3) 传染 5/Qu5/  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 0S :&wb  
  block the channel (v) 2OpA1$n6  
  disseminate 传播 L~f~XgQ  
cross infection 交叉感染 T%oJmp?0  
 K!ILO  
  5 、疾病、病痛 y0Gblza  
  illness p@O Ip  
  sickness  >d`GNE  
  disease g4k3~,=D3  
  ailment EUs9BJFP  
suffering bD=H$)  
S`YT"|~  
  6 、疾病的转归 wbJBGT{sm  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 lx4p Tw1  
  recover recovery rR":}LA^d  
  recuperate kJl^,q  
  resume "P?O1  
  recruit d :|x e:  
  reinstate "p3<-06  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 cH*")o D  
  deteriorate @gb W:  
  aggravate ?7V~>i8[  
  exasperate yYGs] +  
  make worse vu@.;-2E%  
  worsen n= 4  
   9tv,,I;iU  
    7、其他相关词汇 z H-a%$5  
  outbreak and spending $365VTh"  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 Lhp&RGy  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 >i*,6Psl[Z  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 \~A qA!)6  
  taboo 禁忌 Z" ;q w  
  speed up blood circulation (v) w>9d^kU'  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) .B<Bqr@?8  
  side effects 副反应 ]i(/T$?~  
complain of 主述 }R 16WY_'  
Z6${nUX  
   8cOft ;|qB  
(三)药物 P~{8L.w!>W  
  1 、药物名称 bKmwXDv'  
  medicine XEA5A.uc  
  drug 9o5D3 d K  
  remedy TyIjDG6tM  
  medicinal herbs f%.Ngf9  
  power 4zS0kk;+  
  tablet 9x@|%4Zm"  
pill l[:Aq&[o3  
hm73Zy  
  2 、药物用法 S j~SG  
  开药 : B }%2FUv  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases <$e|'}>A  
  write out a proscription ecs 0iW-,  
  服药 1X5g(B  
  take a medicine GKo&?Tj)  
  治…的疾病 -&Xv,:'?  
a remedy for some diseases ` 'Qb?F6  
=J]WVA,GqA  
3 、其他相关词汇 <r: AJ;  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 dW4jkjap  
  side effects 副反应 * $f`ouJl  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 2.z-&lFBZ  
  drugstore 药房 `?Q p>t  
  over the counter 非处方药 b&F9<XLqq  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 VGQ~~U7}@  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 hNN[djR  
  prescription 处方 DSz[,AaR]  
  expenses for medicine 药费 tsc `u>  
  charges for medicine d{4; qM#  
drug rebate 药品回扣 mcez3gH  
geR+v+B,  
   <R$ 2x_  
(四)心理疾病 3{3@> 8{w  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 |[>@Kk4  
  subhealth 亚健康 tz@MZs09  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 _f[Q\gK  
  psychological problem 心理问题 KR aL+A  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 ~(d {j}M>  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 rz"$zc.)  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 &j 4pC$Dj  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 , Z"<-%3  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 {]^Ixm-,f  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 I$7eiW @  
psychological expert 心理专家 ~18a&T:  
"@UQSf,  
  2 、情绪词汇 A"V mxP  
  overcome AYbO~_a\N  
  disappoint A;TP~xq\  
  disappointed ,L/x\_28  
  shy , iQ/~?'PB  
  flush zU?O)w1'  
  frustration !__0Vk[s  
  failure 5WQl?yMP  
  willpower D4=*yP  
  optimism I_J&>}V'  
  optimistic EA& 3rI>U)  
  be sensitive to _VrY7Mz:r  
  nervous iEvQ4S6tD  
  tensional ,>   zEG  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic 3'4+3Xo  
  confident confidence )% 7P?^>  
  stress pressure 5>x_G#W  
  depress depressed {OU|'  
  depression depressive hS]w A"\87  
   B 71/nt9  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 _wq?Pa<)e  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary &|hK79D  
   P-@MLIC{  
(五)肥胖与营养 2{OR#v~  
  1 、营养物质 oUv26t ~  
  nutrient 营养素 >L7s[vKn  
  protein 蛋白质 t'qYM5  
  fat 脂肪 + ?1GscJ   
  glucose 葡萄糖 {0zn~+  
  vitamin 维生素 dr q3=2  
  sugar 糖类 Z~5) )5Ye;  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 @AsJnf$y  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 {Mx(|)WkL  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 M^ FY6TT4O  
cholesterol胆固醇 rO1!h%&o"  
UtZ,q!sg  
  2 、营养与饮食 }lJ; |kx$  
  a well-balanced diet NxT"A)u  
  nutrition 营养 +X}i%F'  
  nutritional 营养的 #&Sr;hAJ  
!rvEo =^  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 bx@l6bpQ  
K =g</@L6R  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall gYpMwC{*d  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase .g*j]!_]  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; sDY~jP[Oa  
4.       食品安全 food safety U|(+-R8Z  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies Qz i?%&  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to F L0uY0K  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU G#M)5'Q]U  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system *GP2>oEM  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care NkE0S`Xf  
10.   服务体系service system A VJh8`PVX  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene !3v&+Jrf6  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. 92+8zX  
13.   清淡的lite k4TWfl^}9  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet >tD=t8  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN H=r-f@EOrI  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 K |& f5w  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; Ic& h8vSU  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease $Y$9]G":  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; %x)b Z= An  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion +Y\:Q<eMFg  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" ~MpikBf  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission ,pNx(a  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D :5d>^6eoB?  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate 2[E wN!IZ  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness 8;PkuJR_]  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s IThd\#=  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse 0lw> mxN  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to 0mw1CUx9K  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – t [Q D#;  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver ]B8  A  
31.   血压 hypertension  cby#  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon (8nv&|  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 Cj5mM[:s  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ nHK(3Z4G  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 zF&VzNR2  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health !Sq<_TO  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds ^xo<$ zn  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations HL)!p8UHJ  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle Iq$| ?MH  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 ^E&PZA\,;  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people LZ*8YNp1'  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent 9hp&HL)BOa  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from  U 'jt'(  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to z^Q'GBoBA  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to gY}In+S  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to ju~$FNt8R  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive PK *W u<<  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak |Q?h"5i"(  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly MqmQ52HR  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations ]TV_ p[L0B  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon sEhvx +(  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate U,<m%C"  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy Ovfl uFu7  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances \ovs[&  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance q? ,PFvs"  
56.   退休养老金retirement n dab]>% M  
57.   医疗改革health care reform 'Waa zk[@O  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity X+vKY  
59.   月经期menstrual period S K.tNV{OL  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace 8NN+Z<  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care hA=uo e\  
62.   安乐死euthanasia  F/Goq`  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill <o E Ay  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! +{UY9_~\3  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient XM'tIE+|  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. {kpad(E  
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