考博英语语法详解（一）

英语语法是针对英语语言的语法进行的研究。语法是组词造句的规则，是把合适的词放进合适位置的艺术，语法可分为两大部分：词法和句法。词法包括各类词的形态及其变化，句法主要讲句子的种类和类型，句子成分以及遣词造句的规律。由此可见学好语法对考博英语的重要性，在此，整理了考博英语必备语法知识点，希望考生们学以致用，考博英语取得好的成绩。一考博英语语法：独立主格     　　　　 % dtn*NU  
    1. 充当句子的状语。 > {d9z9O  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 PDH|=meXM  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 Zqf ovG
 
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) aj
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　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. } PL {i  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. :RDk{^b)  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). < }.!G>X  
　　真题剖析 +_ 8BJ  
　　(1995)   45   cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. @:Ft+*2  
　　45. A. For #zgO_H  
　　B. As g0QYBrp  
　　C. With @K S.H  
　　D. Because ?.-+U~  
　　练习： O9<oq  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. H}&JrT95  
　　8. A. is kZ6:=l  
　　B. having xEq?[M  
　　C. being ml)\RL  
　　D. be [ns==gDD  
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二考博英语语法：虚拟语气　　虚拟语气 .qf~t/o  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 }fef*>>}  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 I!(BwYd  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 x&JD ~,Y  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 p Djt\R<f  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 -s)h ?D  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 K:VZ#U(_  
　　would rather +动词过去式 C Qmozh-  
　　真题剖析 A5\ Hq  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … B\aVE|~PB  
　　47. A. do R?#=^$7U  
　　B. did G JU9[  
　　C. don’t .!+7|us8l\  
　　D. didn’t 2 p }I  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. oxUBlye  
　　53. A. ordered f` }/^*D  
　　B. pleaded .kkhW8:  
　　C. decided z6,E}
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　　D. demanded pp{p4Z   
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. IAN={";p  
　　15. A. took m fffOG  
　　B. would take Xx2t0AIB  
　　C. will take yc`3)  
　　D. should take ~4twI*f  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. v046
 
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) p*T[(\8{n  
　　54.A. shall "(dI/}  
　　B.will ^K4?uABc  
　　C.would C(8!("tU  
　　D.should u i$4  
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三考博英语语法:非谓语动词　　动名词、分词、不定式。 P*U^,Jh
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　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done)
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　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) f/\S:x- B  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 :>_oOn[_  
　　真题剖析 (#)XRm{t  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. a"t~
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　　60. A. dropped OQKc_z'"  
　　B. to drop Zu>-y#Bw  
　　C. dropping 28c6~*Te#  
　　D.drops Q7d@+C  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. _V0%JE'  
　　59. A. destructive cnw+^8  
　　B. dissatisfied _Y}cK|3  
　　C. damaged #N~1 Ye  
　　D. derivative >El]5M7h7  
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四考博英语语法：主谓一致　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 E $W0HZ'  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. N[fwd=$\
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　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. fOdqr  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 vifw
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　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. v]H9`s#,  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 2i !\H$u`  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 I3'UrKKO  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). U}k@%m,  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 Zs-lN*u7.  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. rwio>4=  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) %B1)mA;  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) ?E}gm>  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. P{:Zxli0  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) Hvy$DX|p  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. =PNkzFUo  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 KhX)maQ  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. zxH<~2
 
　　真题剖析 YktZXc?iI<  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. F< 5kcu#iL  
　　53. A. none .XRe:\8mc  
　　B. few YjJ^SU`*  
　　C. any #h U4gX,  
　　D. some 8bs'Ek{'o  
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五考博英语语法：倒装　　全部倒装 UL#:!J/34  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” SDNRcSbOD6  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. 72J=_d>+  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. i+< v7?:`#  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) f&$;iE  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. 4,h)<(d{