改错题常考要点 cN3!wE
一、代词
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代词中主要讲解六个问题 CR8szMa
(一) 掌握代词的几种格 Mv?$zV"`#
主格、宾格、所有格 kWMz;{I5*w
名词前面用代词来修饰,只能用所有格(my books) OUFx M
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(二) 反身代词 xNOArb5e5
当主语和宾语表示同一事物时,宾语使用反身代词。 Em ;2fh
He killed himself. (他自杀了) (J 1:J
He killed him. (他杀了他) riv8qg
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例:Researchers at the University of Colorado are investigating W\Df:P {<
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a series of indicators that could help <q.
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themselves to predict earthquakes. oH='\M%+
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分析:D错,应改为them。如果用反身代词themselves,指代对象是从句主语that(即名词indicators),这显然是错误的。从句意来看,help的宾语应该是主句主语researchers,故应用代词宾格而不是反身代词。注意C并没有错,情态动词could 比can语气弱,表示较小的可能性。 !rsGCw!Pg
Indicator为征兆,这些征兆帮助他们来预言地震。主语是征兆,后面指研究者,不是同一个事物 H):(8/>(
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(三) 代词的单复数,代词的性别 eXQLE]L]
在考试中如果代词打横线,代词错误的概率是非常高的,因此代词打横线,应该先看代词有没有错。 ("KtJ
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例:The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies =&I9d;7
that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from it flowing into the ]?%S0DO*
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Pacific. V}X>~ '%
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分析:D错,应改为those。D指代复数名词waters, it是单数,显然是错误的,根据习惯故改为those。注意waters一词并没有错,它指江湖河海中的大片水域,可用复数形式。 p""\uG'
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Water作为水是不可数名词,waters表示水域,通常使用复数形式,作主语谓语动词用复数。 (YM2Cv{4
Work作为工作是不可数名词,work作为作品,可数不可数都可以,例如: AO238RC!:
Many of his works= much of his work, work都表示作品 [Ob09#B%:5
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例:In 1920 the presidential candidate Warren Harding coined *,|x
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the word“normalcy”to express social and U"RA*|
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economic conditions they promised the nation. V|G*9^Y
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分析:D错,应改为he。动作promised是由Warren Harding发出来的,故用第三人称单数he来指代。 DwGRv:&HH
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例:Many critics believe that Amy Lwell' s most important ~b@"ir+g4
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work is not poetry, but his biography, John +
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Keats, published the year of her death. z\"9T?zoo
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分析:C错,应改为her。his指男性,显然是错误的,应改为her与后面的her同指Amy Lowell. *eGG6$I
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(四) Who和which的区别 j\"d/{7Q
which指代事物或者动物,who指代人 &dPUd~&EL
who/whom son往往要改为whose son, whose可以指代事物 %k<+#j6ZH
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例:The human body contains more than six hundred muscles who 3-oKY*jO
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account for approximately forty percent of the body weight. IwBO#HR~)
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分析:B错,应改为which或that。先行词不是指人,而是指物,关系代词不能用who,故改为which或that。 U_hzSf
人体前面加定冠词the, account for 占有多大的比例,解释说明 '
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(五) that和which的区别 :;c`qO4
介词后面使用which, 而不用that, in that除外 :wEy""*N0
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例:When television was first introduced, the extent to that it EG|_YW7
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would affect society could not have been foreseen. +z0s)HU>j
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分析:B错,应改为which。The extent to which, 介词加which(引导定语从句),影响社会的程度没有被预见 R<vbhB/lU
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(六) 定语从句的特殊省略 G*,7pc
Reason后面有定语从句,中间往往省略why, ?*[35XUd
Time后面有定语从句,中间往往省略when U(Bmffn4Z
I do remember the time I heard the sweetest voice in the wild world. x<OVtAUB
way后面有定语从句,中间省略了in which X 4!Jj*
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例:Research on pain has been neglected, although the mainly rg=Ym.
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reason people take medicine is to relieve pain. g3yZi7b5FU
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分析:B错,应改为main。mainly为副词,不能个饰后面的名词,故改为形容词main。句子中people take medicine修饰reason,定语从句引导词被省略 yhI;FNSf
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例:Commercial expansion from city to suburb has r:Q=6j,
affected the way people in the United States----. 5sj$XA?5
(A) living and working
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(B) they live and work |/$954Hr#<
(C) live and work f! )yE`4-
(D) to live and to work 86!$<!I
分析:选择C, the way people....影响了人们生活和工作的方式。 ]0SqLe
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二、介词 "q!*RO'a
介词是考试中出现的比较多的一个部分,而其中考的最多的就是介词的固定搭配问题。由于篇幅问题,我们在这里仅仅举出几个例题,在说明书手册中我们完整的列出了所有的介词搭配,这些列出的搭配在以前的语法题中出现过,只不过有的时候是正确的选项,有的时候重复考。 e
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(一) 介词搭配 WTjmU=<\
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例:The teeth in the upper jaw function together those !&`\MD>;~R
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in the lower jaw to cut, tear, and grind food. \hb$v
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分析:和…一起,应该为together with,C错 M
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例:The Allegheny Mountain range is rich of coal. y\[* mgl:
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分析:B错改为be rich in 8Bh
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例:The rotation of the Earth on its axis is responsible to the 2+pXtP@O
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alternation of periods of light and darkness. so| U&`G
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分析:C错,应改为responsible for。形容词responsible后接名词作宾语时要加介词for。 .|TF /b]
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(二) 最重要的两个介词 5Z"N2D)."
1、介词of 多余或者遗漏 Goy[P2
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例:Mosquitoes usually lay eggs, singly or in batches, on top stagnant water. '"ze Im~
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分析:D错,应改为top of stagnant。on top of …是因定表达法,意为“在…上面”。 `krVfE;_
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例:Christopher Plummer is a Canadian actor who has bxBndxl
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starred in stage, television, and film productions on 0AoWw-H6V
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both sides the Atlantic Ocean. q
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分析:D错,应改为sides of the。 sides为名词,the Atlantic Ocean也是名词,中间明显少了一个介词。 w
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2、介词by *KU:D Y{
一种情况表示被动,be+过去分词+by jYBiC DD
另一种表示通过……的方式, by doing EQM[!g^a
例:The ceremony of marriage in the United States vkM_a}%<
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can be performed from a justice of the peace. u09D`QPP]
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分析:D错,应改为performed by。谓语动词是被动式,performed的动作执行者应该由介词by来引导。 b.}J'?yLm
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例:Along the east coast ,American Indian women's councils Wg8*;dvtM
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could veto a declaration of war at refusing to C{G%"q
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supply moccasins and field rations. sqRvnCD!
分析:D错,应改为by refusing。通过拒绝提供鞋子和粮食,表示通过某种方式做某事要用介词by,故将at refusing 改为by refusing。 XB:E<I'q!3
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例:Algebra is the branch of mathematics concerned with BE0Xg
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operations on sets of numbers or other elements SaRn>n\
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that are often represented at symbols. `dl^)4J
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分析:D错,应改为by。动作的发出者应该用介词by来引导。 >rYMOC~
三、谓语动词 bZj5qjl`x
(一) 谓语动词的主谓一致 {"r
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①、主谓分割原则 6J cXhlB`
例1:To the citizens of the United States, the bald eagle,
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America's national bird, symbolize strength and freedom. zIr-Rx'dL^
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分析:C错,应改为symbolizes。主语谓语用逗号分割开,主语the bald eagle为单数,谓语动词也应该用单数形式。 R[QBFL<
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②、与后者一致原则 I-Am9\
not…but, 强调but后面的名词, ~{{7y]3M-
not only…but also xF
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③、与前者一致原则 @jZ1WHS_a
名词+with/together with/as well as/including+复数名词,谓语用is, :*t5?
中心词在前面,谓语动词应该与前面的名词保持一致 `<hMrhfh
例:The athlete, together with his coach and AyOy&]g
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several relatives, are traveling to the Olympic Games. '<6DL
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分析:D错,与谓语动词与the athlete 保持一致,改为is z0&Y_Up+5
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④、就近原则 f
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or, either…or, neither…nor, NFqGbA|
单数名词+or+复数名词+are 3MDs?qx>s
如果把句子变为一般疑问句,也就是把be动词提到前面,那么变为is hzA+
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所以注意一点: 如果是陈述句,靠后面近,用复数 fGWXUJ
如果是疑问句,靠前面近,用单数 l]~IZTC
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例:The structure or behavior of many protozoans are VL|Z+3L
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amazingly complex for single-celled animals. 7j88^
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分析:A错,应改为and。从谓语动词是复数形式判断,主语应该为复数,or连接两个名词时动词和后面的名词保持一致,behavior是用单数形式,因此只有改为并列连词and才能使主谓在数上保持一致。 beNy5~M$
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⑤定语从句主语就近原则 ClNuO
There are five apples that are red. `^|l+TJG
apples是复数,因此从句谓语动词是复数。 M(n@ytz
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例:A rocket burns propellant rapidly and most rockets wVX2.D'n<
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carry a supply that last just a few seconds. 7}`FXB
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分析:D错,应改为lasts。从句的逻辑主语a supply为单数,其谓语动词应为单数形式。 |7${E^u
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⑥the +形容词主谓一致 g{f7} gTG
The rich are not always happier than the poor. \ _?d?:#RD
The rich 表示一类人,应该用复数 5=R]1YI~$
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⑦、倒装句的主谓一致 0E)M6
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改错题倒装句的主谓一致一般考两种情况: ^F&j;8U
a. there be 句型 Xg;;<
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there be+名词+名词,那么最近的名词决定其形式 Ejnk\ 8:
b. between/ among 放在句首+be+名词,名词其实是主语,所以be和名词保持一致 +O.qYX
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