加入VIP 上传考博资料 您的流量 增加流量 考博报班 每日签到
   
主题 : 高分语法讲解1
级别: 中级博友
显示用户信息 
楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

高分语法讲解1

高分语法讲解 qKJSj   
CKA ;.sh  
第一章 名词  ? w^-  
A&>.74}p  
正确区分可数名词与不可数名词、正确选择可数名词单复数、名词之前的限定词与名词数(单复数)之间的关系以及名词在句子中承担的成分是TOEFL中常考的内容 2)j0Ai%  
*5xJv  
第一节 可数名词 *b]; |n{  
jM\*A#Jo5  
考点一 单复数 `9 {mr<  
可数名词与不可数名词的典型区别在于前者有单数和复数两种形式。 ^{8Gt @  
TOEFL考试中经常在不可数名词后面加了s,变为复数形式,其实这是再考你辨别可数名词和不可数名词的能力。TOEFL中还经常考可数名词是采用单数还是复数, 这往往要通过句意或者其他的一些指示词来辨别。 `U2DkY&n  
例如:various colors(various是各种各样的,后面当然要用复数形式) SXt{k<|  
H{t_xL)k.  
下面我们会讲一下复数形式。 $-On~u0g  
复数形式简而言之就是在单数词尾加-s,但实际上细分起来还有一些具体的规则: 'g9"Qv?0{`  
1.结尾是s, o, x, ch, sh 的词, 加-es, 如:buses, tomatoes, faxes, matches, brushes Wq^qpN)5Y  
2.结尾是“辅音字母+y”的词, 去掉y加-ies, 如: factory-factories t-LG }nv  
3.结尾是f, fe的词, 去掉f, fe加-ves, 如: half-halves, knife-knives }6 K^`!  
4.结尾是o, f 的词也有一些加-s, 如: photos, beliefs, chiefs H)(:8~c,p  
q7&6r|w1I  
例题: c5mZG 7-  
]%!u7z|\6  
(1) Flower have long been cultivated and bred for their beauty and their fragrance. Y F*OU"2U  
   A         B           C       D is/scv<  
答案:A |`;54_f  
应改为:Flowers r 6Q Q  
解释:表泛指时,可数名词可用不定冠词加单数或直接用复数,因谓语是复数,故改为复数 SvR7e C  
P bQk<"J1  
{?`al5Sz  
(2) Doctor are discovering that there is a strong psychological component to chronic )IJQeC  
   A               B   C          D ?h1H.s2X  
pain. &Ni`e<mP  
答案:A [= |jZVhT  
应改为:Doctors 6eokCc"o  
解释:表泛指时,可数名词用冠词加单数或直接用复数,因谓语动词是复数,故名词也用复数 5#QXR+ T  
考点二 复数形式特例 V"!G2&  
r `eU~7  
这部分主要考察学生对特殊复数形式的记忆,作为考题并不过多的出现,但是在题干中的出现率却非常高,因此熟悉下列一些词的复数形式有助于理解题意 -Qn=|2Mm?  
1.单复数词形相同 C XHy.&Vt  
如: people, fish, Chinese(某国人), aircraft, means, series, species,sheep, deer, aircraft等 W}|'# nR  
@ps1Dr4s  
2.外来词保留了原来的复数形式, 这一点需要重点掌握, 如: b9XW9O `B  
basis-bases                   analysis-analyses             crisis-crises eW>3XD4  
medium(媒体)-media       datum(数据)-data             curriculum(课程)-curricula aC< KN:TN6  
larva(幼虫)-larvae             criterion(标准)-criteria       phenomenon(现象)-phenomena M,5"b+mX[~  
?,yj")+  
3.通常只以复数形式出现的词语, 如: ZR\VCVH\^  
clothes       trousers       compasses(圆规)       scales(天平)       savings(储蓄), oc^Br~ Th  
statistics(统计数据),             headquarters(总部), e]Zngt?b  
4.复数形式有特殊意义的词语, 如: 07Ed fe  
goods(货物), manners(礼貌), troops(军队), authorities(当局) \RVW   
0KD]j8^  
5 不规则的名词复数 P+)DsZ0ig  
child - children             mouse - mice                   louse - lice jP~Z`y f  
tooth - teeth             foot       - feet fQP{|+4  
A*|cdY]HP  
6.注意:有一些结尾是-s的词, 但是要当作单数看待, 如: physics, politics, mathematics是表示学科的不可数名词 SwU\ q]^|Z  
KzQ3.)/q  
例题: * 9p |HX=  
.Q)|vq^  
(1) With the incorporation of jazz history into current academic curricula, leading -rKO )}  
       A            B           C N4*G{g  
jazz musicians are now founding on the faculties of several universities. ,TRTRb;  
            D jLJ1u/l>;  
,E|m.  
(2) MC,>pR{  
Like some other running birds, the sanderling lacks a back toe and has a three-toed hva2o`  
  A      B           C           >{ me  
feet. VtOZ%h[#  
 D P00f 6  
答案:D .ZMW>U>  
应改为:foot r 6eb}z!i  
解释:feet是foot的复数形式, 不定冠词a 之后应接可数名词的单数, 故将feet 改为单数 C%~a`e|/Y  
词汇:sanderling: 三趾滨鹬 \Ofw8=N-2  
t!K*pM  
第二节 限定词 wDwH.~3!  
名词究竟要用单数还是复数, 与名词之前的限定词有很大关系, 限定词通常分如下几类: Db"DG(  
1.之后肯定接单数: Tg3!Rq55  
a /an, every, one, another, each, either, this, that, such a, many a, etc. `Bn=?9  
例句: Each of them has two books. NU (AEfF  
You can read either book. (两本书你可以随便读一本) Vpp;\  
V3mAvmx  
2.之后肯定接复数: MCh#="L2  
these, those, many, such, other, dO7;}>F$n  
大于one的数词(ten, hundred, thousand, million…), bw&myzs  
a few /few /fewer /fewest, a (great /good / large /small) number of, several [ $fJRR  
one of, all (of), some /any (of), most (of), a lot of, lots of, the rest of, plenty of )IT6vU"-yd  
dd|W@Xp -  
3.之后既可接单数又可接复数: the, no, his, her, their, my, etc x7T +>  
注意:这几类词大多不能同时使用 2u?zO7W)-L  
h8jD }9^  
fa.0I~  
V^Rkt%JY  
考点一 否定限定词no l.nH?kK<  
0@Kkl$O>mb  
(1) no既可用于可数名词复数前又可用于单数前, 表示否定意义. 例如: <5@PWrU?[[  
No flowers in the garden. 花园里没有花. 2q} ..  
No one is here. $\AEWFB  
*R % wUi  
(2) no与否定副词not的区别是改错题的常见考点。 二者的区别在于: j;K#]  
no直接修饰名词, 不能与其他限定词同时出现; Kud'p Z{P  
not一般出现在be动词或助动词之后, a, an, any等限定词之前, 它是否定式的组成要素, 而不是名词的限定词 (sw-~U%  
5, b]V)4  
例题: wb"RB A9  
(1) ZEbLL4n  
The mechanism by which brain cells store memories is ---- clearly understood. P"7ow-  
(A) none |)_-Bi;MW`  
(B) no A~lIa$U$b  
(C) not &d`^ E6#  
(D) nor "r.2]R3  
Uz8hANN0_  
答案: C )WR_ ug  
解释: 此句主谓完整, 据选项可知空白处需填入合适的词使原句变为否定, 只有否定副词not可以和is配合构成否定句, A、B、D 之后都需要名词词组, 不符题意 lj&>cScC  
+lO'wa7|3  
(2) g8pm2o@S  
Not woman held a presidential cabinet position in the United States until 1933, when :h";c"  
A                B           C xQt 3[(Z  
Frances Perkins became secretary of labor. Fm j=  
        D K}I0o!(#  
2f:Mm'XdB  
答案: A nbvkP  
应改为: No wFlV=!>,  
解释: Not是否定副词应置于be动词或助动词之后, 且它与单数名词间需加冠词, 而no是形容词, 可以直接修饰后面的名词 Sw! j=`O  
E;-qP)yU  
考点二 their等物主代词 Go+[uY^  
?=|kC*$/G  
1.物主代词是常见的名词限定词, 其后既可接可数名词的单复数(his pen, his pens)又可接不可数名词(his time), 但不可与其他的限定词同时出现(部分数词除外),例如:不能说no my car, my no car,但是可以说 My two red cars [wcA.g*F  
|PM m?2^R  
2.英语中许多习惯用法在表示特指时都用物主代词而不用the, 为的是更突出所属关系,这在TOEFL中是一个常考的点 ,@Z_{,b  
例如:Manufacutrers of consumer goods often change the styles of their products. kN'Thq/ZE  
这里用their 而不用 the t;Wotfc[#0  
s'2Rs^,hN  
例题: lpEDPvD_Vm  
(1) XNmQ?`.2'  
A good exercise program helps teach people to avoid the habits that might shorten m<fA|9 F#  
              A      B        C ~'BUrX\  
the lives. F RH&B5w  
 D :Ee?K  
ul}'{|4  
答案: D 3hJH(ToO  
应改为: their k&DGJ5m$.  
解释: 定冠词the指代不清, 用物主代词their作名词lives的限定语更符合英语习惯, 还可突出lives 与people之间的所属关系 eti9nPjG  
Z t`j\^4n  
(2) W'G{K\(/  
A liquid is similar to a gas because has molecules are not fixed to each other in any -931'W[s,  
      A        B              C .;%q/hP  
specific way. 9qeZb%r&  
    D P7>IZ >bw  
 oWrE2U;  
答案: B z_)`g`($  
应改为: its 5&|5 a} 8  
解释: has是动词, 不能修饰名词, 且与从句的谓语冲突, 依句意改为物主代词its作molecules的限定语 4.k`[q8  
104!!m  
考点三 只接复数名词的限定词 T:n< db,Px  
8}K"IW  
a (large /small /great /considerable /remarkable) number of, a variety of, a set of, a few, 等表示数的固定词组之后总是接复数名词 KZi' v6  
)[ w&C_>]  
例题: x,-S1[#X;  
(1) |<2 *v-a  
In mathematical terms, modern algebra is set of objects with rules for connecting or cI3KB-lM#  
        A        B        C 8vO;IK]9b^  
relating those objects. wEK%T P4  
 D aYBTrOdz  
O$(c. (_$  
答案: B ,M{Q}:$+4  
应改为: is a set @5GBuu^j  
解释: a set of是固定词组, 表示一套、一组, 后面接可数名词的复数, 与题中objects吻合 ~ ;XYwQ"  
!3QRzkJX~  
(2) km}MqBQl  
At birth, an infant exhibits a remarkable number of motor response. qdO[d|d  
A       B     C           D 'Y ,1OK  
k~R{Y~W!!  
答案: D $59nu7yr  
应改为: responses  ?;+^  
解释: 短语a number of 后面要求接可数名词的复数, number前可加某些形容词如great, considerable, remarkable, small 等表示a lot of 或 a few @$EjD3Z-  
}D Z)W0RDe  
注意 “the number of” 和 “a number of”的区别 CQ$::;  
The number of boys in Class Five is 25. (五班男孩的数目是25, 后面谓语动词用单数) sK`< kbj  
A small number of families are able to afford an apartment. (少数家庭能够买得起一套住房, ) UDVf@[[hN  
xl3zy~; M  
第三节 冠词作限定词 8s~\iuk  
/%5_~Jkr,  
冠词是一个虚词,本身不能够独立使用, 必须和一个名词连用。TOEFL出题主要集中在a和an的区别,那些地方要加the那些地方不加。 { v,{x1  
kq>GMUl~@  
考点一 不定冠词a / an }'DC Q  
mF}c-  D  
不定冠词a和an后面当然接单数,a和an 的主要区别是: [7'#~[a~  
a 用于以辅音开头的名词前(指发音而不是拼写), 如: a tower, a university 2YE7 23H=Z  
an用于以元音开头的名词前(指发音而不是拼写), 如: an orange, an hour uC- A43utv  
W=UqX{-j)  
不定冠词a / an与可数名词单数连用, 表示泛指 “一个”、 “某一个”, 有时还可代表一类人或事物. 在作表语或同位语的可数名词单数前一般都要加不定冠词(除非名词前已有物主代词作限定语, 如my pen). `bzr_fJ  
hHCzj*5  
例题: qw|JJ  
(1)       Wgav>7!9  
How Native Americans developed corn is a puzzling, for no wild corn has ever >6OCKl  
   A                 B           C Ze#Jhn@  
  been discovered, and it grows only where people plant and tend it.  ZH_FA  
                 D {,i=>%X*  
答案: B有错 C/CN '  
应改为: puzzle. {%=S+89l  
解释: 不定冠词a应与可数名词单数连用, puzzling是分词, 不能单独与a 连用, 故改为名    词puzzle S|~i>  
(2) ;&If9O 1  
Whether a healthy adult tends to feel hungry two, three, or four times a daily is a u/_Gq[Q,u  
   A        B       C          D ;0;3BH A  
question of physiology and of culture. ~l(G6/R  
答案: D有错 mr@_ %U  
应改为: day v>rqOI  
解释: 不定冠词a应与可数名词单数连用, 而daily是形容词, 不能单独与a连用, 故改为 名词day RlU;v2Kch  
(3) mgo'M W\   
Pewter, a metal with an ancient heritage, is still practical medium for the |.y>[+Qb*  
  A      B       C uFGv%W  
nonprofessional metal worker. g4zT(,ZY  
    D mG>T`c|r3  
答案: C issT{&T  
应改为: still a practical d|>9rX+f  
解释: medium是可数名词, 在句中作表语, 其单数之前应该用不定冠词 /uC+.B9k  
a, an的误用是TOEFL常见的改错题型 ;n3uV`\  
例题: & 6`  
(1) T^KCB\\<  
A emotion is not necessarily aroused by something in the outside world. YnKFcEJrT  
   A     B    C           D oN.Mra]D  
答案: A Bx\#`Y  
应改为: An emotion H% *~l  
解释: emotion是元音开头的名词, 前面的冠词应用an r$b:1C~  
(2) ~+nS)4 (  
If a atom loses any of its electrons, it becomes positively charged and can combine tfi2y]{A  
   A    B                       C 38"8,k  
chemically with other atoms. 1gF*Mf_7  
         D :GN)7|:  
答案: A {Uik|  
应改为: an atom ;yRwoTc)Y  
解释: atom是元音开头的名词, 前面的冠词应用an ~*66 3pA  
;y:#S^|?-z  
考点二 定冠词the &M!4]p ow  
定冠词限定名词时主要表示特指,针对TOEFL应注意以下几点: T+ &x{+gZ  
(1) the和可数名词单数连用,表示一类人或物,如: B| $\/xO  
the fern(蕨类), the wallflower !1ie:z>s  
(2) 序数词之前必须用the,如: )a4E&D  
the first woman, the nineteenth century D6C -x  
但前面有物主代词时除外,如 my first baby +=n x|:no  
(3) 形容词最高级之前必须用the(有物主代词时除外),如: v :'P"uU;4  
the largest city, the most advanced technology asm[-IB2u  
(4) of连接的名词前多用the, 如: /u " cl2|  
the development of the watch, w]]x[D]L  
(5) 世界上独一无二的东西前应加the, 如: c]cO[T_gGa  
the globe(地球),the equator(赤道), the moon, the sun Q%gY.n{=  
在下列情况下,一般不用the: Apw-7*/  
(1) 表示人名、地名、国家名等专有名词前, 一般不加,如: 30gZ_ 8C>}  
Dennis Chavez(人名),Alaska(地名),English(英语), February(二月), America(美国) "K4X:|Om"  
但是在表示海洋、海峡、江、河、山脉、群岛等专有名词时要加上the BDB zc5Q(  
the Great Lakes(美国五大湖), the Changjiang River(长江) l(0&6ENyj  
(2) 无特指的不可数名词前,如: iTKG,$G  
algebra(代数学),       advertising,       accounting(会计学) b&|YQW} ~  
(3) 表示类别的复数名词前,如: (rY1O:*S  
Historians believe that…,       Amphibians(两栖动物) hatch from… LyCV_6;D  
(4) 一些固定词组中,如: K>DnD0  
in history, in nature, at work, at home , go to school, go to bed, in bed I'6 ed` |  
乘车的词组: hj#+8=  
by train(乘火车),       by car (乘汽车),       by bicycle(骑脚踏车),       by bus (乘公共汽车), ]0/~6f  
by land(由陆路),       by sea (由海路),       by water (由水路) , by air (通过航空) f|[5&,2<  
on foot (步行),       by plane(乘飞机), by ship (乘船), ZT3jxwe  
打球的词组: A )s"h=R  
play tennis, play baseball, play basketball +Fy- ~Mq  
注意:表示职位的词之前的冠词有无均可, 如:He was elected (the) chairman of the committee. $48[!QE  
例题: ^/5E773  
(D)       8Vg`;_-  
Historically, ---- chief material for making furniture has been wood, but metal and stone have also been used. c,u$tnE)  
(A) it was the $K>d\{@+7  
(B) that the W3{5Do.h  
(C) there was a ,r)d#8  
(D) the Gm?"7R.  
答案:D ywa.cq  
解释:空格后是主谓句,A、C可先排除,B使原句只有从句没有主句,只剩下D可选,D是定冠词作名词material的限定词,表特指 cB{;Nh6"  
(2) @5nkI$>3z  
The Yukon River, which flows into the Bering Sea, gives its name to a region of P)o[p (  
           A            B vXWESy  
Alaska and a territory of the Canada. qi5>GX^t]b  
     C      D +Y%I0.?&5  
答案:D 1PjX:]:  
应改为:of b|pNc'u:Cn  
解释:Canada是国名,属专用名词,之前不能加定冠词 *{n,4d\..  
(3) kO\&mL& qD  
The development of professional sports in the United States dates back to 'bqf?3W  
  A      B              C    T)?@E/VaS  
nineteenth century. } jy7,+  
  D # T#FUI1p  
答案:D F u=VY{U4  
应改为:to the nineteenth G}OrpPP  
解释:nineteenth是序数词,之前应加the Dl!' _u  
第四节 不可数名词 m`w6wz  
o0v m?CL#  
英文中常把抽象名词和物质名词视为不可数名词, 而其划分的标准往往与汉语的习惯不同, 因此是学习英文的一个难点, 也是TOEFL中常出现的题型 :zTj"P>"I  
\fGYJ37  
抽象名词如: h-u*~5dB<&  
(不可触及的东西,表示动作、状态、品质、感情等)如: S%%qn  
news(新闻),        information(信息),    population(人口), wZolg~dg  
English(英语),    music(音乐),            management(管理), }T(q"Vf~  
enthusiasm(热情)    work(工作),            happiness(高兴) )FiU1E  
还有表达学科类的名词如: }LVE^6zyk  
   physics物理,        politics政治学,        mathematics数学, I Q`aDo-V  
mechanics力学,    statistics(统计学)        bioloby(生物学) x~I1(l7r  
YmF(o  
物质名词如: 8TM=AV  
equipment(装备),    chalk(粉笔),            glass(玻璃), r/w@Dh]{_  
grass(草),        jewelry(珠宝)            wood(木头) r]vBr^kq  
Rf$6}F  
;( Va_   
考点一 与可数名词的显著区别 \YyU5f7';  
1. 不可数名词没有复数形式, 其数的表示必须通过 “数词+量词+of+不可数名词” 的结构或一些特定的限定词, zT zG&B-  
如:a sheet of steel(一片钢),             a piece of furniture(一件家具), Q^;\!$:M  
    two pieces of work(两份工作)       an item of news(一条新闻) J*k =|+[  
2. 不可数名词不能直接出现在不定冠词a, an之后 Rla*hc~  
不能够说:an advice(一个建议) ,而应该说 a piece of advice 7E t(p'  
3. 当表示一类事物时, 可数名词可以通过加a, an、加复数、或加定冠词the等方式, S5p\J!k\B  
而可数名词一般直接用原形表示种类 at nbM:t  
例题: (8/xSOZ[  
(1) R9HS%O6b6  
Historians believe that some forms of an advertising must be as old as barter and rx) Q]  
       A      B    C          D %Q01EjRes  
trade. a];i4lt(c  
答案:C X~b+LG/  
应改为:advertising q&x#S_!  
解释:advertising是不可数名词,不能加冠词 FV,SA3  
词汇:barter: 实物交易 61 |xv_/  
D~);:}}>  
考点二 限定词 P_%l}%   
不可数名词的限定词和不可数名词原形连用, 下面这些限定词后面一定跟不可数名词: w N.Jyb  
much, a large amount of, a great deal of, a wealth of(大量的、丰富的) !9Ni[8&Fg0  
little /a little /less /least,   a piece /sheet /slice /bar of, 属不可数名词专用 [# H8Mb+7  
例题: S}yb~uc,  
(1) l^Z~^.{y  
Because they are generally taken simply to obtain a recognizable and relatively clear g DIB'Y  
        A              B         C >eI(M $  
image, most nonprofessional photographs demand few equipment. Q4 S8NqE  
                     D e70*y'1fu  
答案:D u{^ Kyo# v  
应改为:little. W;yZ$k#q}(  
解释:equipment是不可数名词, 不能用few修饰, 应改为和其对应的little R'U(]&e.j  
(2) <ZEll[0L  
Data received from two spacecraft indicate that there is many evidence that huge wVX0!y6  
      A                    B Ac%K+Pgk.  
thunderstorms are now occurring around the equator of the planet Saturn. =0|evC  
           C         D |&.)_+w  
答案:B ,@MPzpH  
应改为:much evidence  su$juI{  
解释:many是复数名词的限定词,而evidence是不可数名词,应用much作限定词 '-_PO|}  
另外一些词(词组)如such, some /any (of), most (of), a lot of, lots of, the rest of, plenty of等既可接可数名词又可接不可数名词。 wq#3f#3V  
例如: otx7J\4  
a lot of students , a lot of money )k Uw,F=6  
the rest of the students, the rest of money vhW '2<(  
Pansies can be cultivated easily in home gardens, but they require plenty of water and not too much sun. bzS [X  
a6OT2B  
第五节 所有格及of结构 u""= 9>0  
~gD'up@$/  
考点一 词尾加 's或 ' 的所有格 Z^ 3Risi  
所谓名词所有格即表示名词之间所有关系的特殊结构, 其最普通的形式为: n. +'s, -1:asM7  
如: my mother's coat, the headmaster's home, the president's office /r6DPR0\  
如果原词结尾已有s, 则只要加 ' , ub&1L_K  
如: the students' union, the ladies' room "Y+`U  
例题: Et (prmH  
(1) [iD!!{6+  
It is widely believed that the pull of gravity on a falling raindrop changes ----round shape into a teardrop shape. z&8#1'  
(A) of the drop ~[{| s' )  
(B) the drop's %WR  
(C) drop of Yp8$0KK  
(D) drops their R!=XMV3$PH  
答案: (B) BeRn9[  
解释: 此句包含由that引导的宾语从句, 从句谓语动词changes的宾语不完整, 据选项推知需要一个和round shape 搭配的表所属关系的词组, (B) 恰好构成所有格形式. 若选(A), 语序应为the round shape of the drop; (C) 所属关系颠倒; (D) 结构混乱 jB;+tDC!Co  
(2) P-C_sj A7  
Over a very lar ]KmYPrCl0  
ge number of trials, the probability of an event's ---- is equal to the probability that it will not occur. K"D9.%7  
(A) occurs Ni`qU(I'|  
(B) will occur Wd7*sa3T  
(C) can occur [": x  
(D) occurring |7argk+  
答案:D _> *"6  
解释:句中已有谓语动词, 's只可能是名词所有格的标志, 后面自然应接名词性的结构, D之外的选项均可一次性排除 e :#\Oh  
t?s1@}G^  
考点二 of结构 n1QO/1} :  
所有格主要用于有生命的个体(人、国家或动物), 那么大多数无生命的物质或抽象概念间的所有关系,或者说凡是不能够加's的名词,都可用of结构构成短语来表示所有关系, 需要注意of前后都是名词(包括代词和动名词) W<2-Q,>Y  
如: the title of the passage > ,[(icyzn  
例如: C$P3&k#W  
(1) /N $T[  
James Whistler was indifferent to the titles of his painted and even changed the names ~[C m#c  
          A     B     C UwLa9Dn^  
of some works years after their completion. =hA/;  
       D )XD_Yq@E  
答案: C #pIb:/2a_  
应改为: paintings mGIS[_dcs  
解释: of 之前是名词, 后面也需要一个名词共同构成表示所有关系的结构, 将分词painted改为名词, 这个词组的意思为他的画的题目 yEH30zSt  
(2) ?vXy7y&4  
Muscular motion is caused by the stimulate of specific nerve cells in the brain and Q$3%aR-2  
      A         B     C         D UW\.!TV  
spinal cord. z2r{AQ.&  
答案: B hgm`6TQ  
应改为: stimulation hE>Mo$Q(  
解释: 定冠词the之后需要名词与of+n.(specific nerve cells)结构搭配表示所属关系, stimulate是动词, 应改为名词形式 6`4=!ZfI  
smSUo /  
第六节 名词在句中的作用 @6\8&(|  
Gv<K#@9T  
考点一 名词(词组)作主语 $Q62 7  
填空题中经常出现句子中缺少主语的题型, 大多数都需要填入名词或名词短语 o0AREZ+I  
例题: 291v R]  
(1) !?]NMf_  
In 1964 ----of Henry Ossawa Tanner's paintings was shown at the Smithsonian Institution. t/HE@xPxI5  
(A) was a major collection u{HB5QqK  
(B) that a major collection hEDj"`Px  
(C) a collection was major y6$5meh.T  
(D) a major collection ibEQ52  
答案: (D) }E*#VA0/nY  
解释: 此句主语残缺, 且谓语动词was shown 需与单数主语搭配, 故填入单数名词词组. (A) (C)中的was均与原文中was冲突, 违背了谓语唯一的原则, (B) 使原句变为只有从句无主句 =*}| y;I  
(2) @zE_fL  
The begins of the modern chemistry laboratory go back to the workrooms of H$Q_K<V  
    A         B        C     D - v`;^X  
medieval alchemists. k{uc%6s  
答案:A w_6h $"^x  
应改为:beginnings. LvB-%@n  
解释:句子的主语应采用名词形式, begins 是动词的第三人称单数形式, 不能置于the之后作主语 Y*J,9  
EFhe``  
考点二 名词(词组)作宾语 Wo\NX05-?  
填空题中有相当一部分缺少动词宾语的题需填入名词或名词短语 D[ny%9 :  
例题: VDBP]LRF  
(1) ji: JLvf]%  
In 1961 the entertainer Chubby Checker introduced a ----to New York's rock'n 'roll fans. m;k' j@:  
(A) new dance, the twist 5yuR[ VU  
(B) twist, was the new dance  ^~?VD  
(C) twist, the new dance that B]#0]-ua  
(D) new dance is the twist &*r YY\I  
答案: (A) Mvu!  
解释: 谓语动词introduce的宾语不完整, 由空格前的a可肯定应填入名词词组, (B) (D) 都用谓语结构可首先排除, (C) 中的that无法与空格后的部分构成从句, 只有(A) 符合名词作宾语的要求, 其中逗号后是名词作同位语 \f05(ld  
(2) gCW.;|2  
Instructors at the school of American Ballet first examine a young applicant's instep Sm{idky)[  
     A                B        V_$BZm%8J  
to see whether it is pliant and shows promising of a good arch. N.l+9L0b  
 C               D KYZ/b8C  
答案: D k& 2U&  
应改为: promise. I5 "Z  
解释: 形容词promising不能作动词show的宾语, 需改为名词  (0bv d  
g kT`C  
考点三 名词(词组)作同位语 ~K5eO-  
同位语主要由名词词组充当, 对其前面的名词或代词作补充说明, Vr+X!DeY  
I came from Jiangying, a very beautiful and peaceful town. P{ h;2b{  
例题: YAYPof~A$l  
(1) xrs?"]M[  
In the nineteenth century, Samuel Gridley Howe founded the Perkins School for the Blind, ----for children in Boston, Massachusetts. V>>"nf, YO  
(A) that institutes |@`F !bnLr  
(B) while instituted @G@,)`p4?  
(C) was an institution n6Je5fE  
(D) an institute ?);6]"k:3  
答案: (D) 1RgtZp%  
解释: 空白前的句子结构完整, 空格后的结构和宾语的很相似, (D)为名词词组, 构成宾语的同位语 ]%>7OH'  
(2) aAhXHsZ|26  
Martha Graham, ----, has run her own dance company for half a century. c6.S jV  
(A) is the great modern choreographer S~X&^JvT  
(B) one of the great modern choreographers  M=:!d$c  
(C) that the great modern choreographers 7Ko<,Kp2b  
(D) the modern choreographers were great A/ZZ[B-  
答案:B #bc$[%_  
解释:此句主谓俱全, 空格设在主语和谓语之间, 且两端都有逗号, 推知缺少的是主语的同位语, B是名词词组, 可以胜任;A D中的动词与原句谓语冲突; C 不是完整的同位语从句
评价一下你浏览此帖子的感受

精彩

感动

搞笑

开心

愤怒

无聊

灌水

  
级别: 初级博友
显示用户信息 
沙发  发表于: 2007-10-04   
谢谢
描述
快速回复

验证问题:
免费考博论坛网址是什么? 正确答案:freekaobo.com
按"Ctrl+Enter"直接提交