考点四 名词(词组)作定语 b-`P-
名词修饰名词作定语的现象在英语中也屡见不鲜, 此时前面的名词相当于形容词的作用, 只是依英语习惯决定究竟用名词还是形容词作定语, TOEFL有少量题涉及这一问题 -{?xl*D
这样的词语有:word order(词序), taxi driver(出租车司机)等 dEf5x_TGm
例题: ., thdqOO
(1) [r]<~$
Situated in the heart of a grain-farming and livestock-raising region, Abilene, Kansas, <#Fex
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A B {9@E[bWp#
is a prosperous trading and distribute center. \Ym$to
C D Zia6m[ ^Q
答案: D h4slQq~K
应改为: distribution/ distributing. rTC|
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解释: 动词distribute不能修饰名词center,可改用名词或分词, 但此题中名词distribution作定语更符合英文习惯 Pqvj0zU o$
(2) ;%>X+/.y0
Acrylic paint enables artists to experiment with many colors effects. DAN"&&
A B C D _ -ec(w~/
答案: D }ZwnG=7T?
应改为: color phwq#AxQ
解释: 此处名词color作effects的定语无需用复数, 意为色彩效果 i-k(/Y0
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第二章 形容词 h*
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形容词即strong, attractive等描述性的词汇,在句中主要作定语修饰名词,同时还可作表语、宾语补足语等成分 PO2]x:
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第一节 形容词修饰名词 8,m:
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形容词最主要的功能就是修饰名词,如:modern art, electric current, great responsibility;这一考点在TOEFL改错题占有相当的比例,几乎每套题都包含一道以上的题目考形容词修饰名词,主要形式是将本应该使用形容词的位置误用为名词、副词等 4T<dI6I0
例题: {\=NZ\
(1) }M
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The human body relies on certainty nutrients for its survival. C4C!
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A B C D Cmj `WSSa
答案:C h"N#/zQ
应改为:certain. gm&O-N"=U
解释:certainty是名词, 意为确定性, 不能修饰名词, 改为形容词certain, 表示某些 5YiBw|Z7 "
(2) 9**u\H)P6
Textile art is known for both its tactile and vision qualities. OoAZ t
A B C D _ID =]NJ_
答案:C h1?.x
应改为:visual. %gx>|
解释:vision是名词, 不能修饰名词qualities, 要用它的形容词 ;W#/;C
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注意1:大多数形容词既可以做定语也可以做表语, 有少数形容词一般情况下只能做表语, 比较下面两句话: [6Nzz]yy
The man was awake. n!XSB7d~X
There was an awake man. (此句错误, awake不能做定语) *FoPs
这类形容词包括: alone, afraid, alike, alert, aware, alive, ashamed, content, unable l'Z `%}R
例题: 1 ^=[k
(1) t~]oJ5%
Many television newscasters make the public an eyewitness to the news by means @sb00ad2q
A B C z0&I>PG^
of on-the-spot, alive reports. k+&
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D i(>v~T,(
答案: D @-qC".CI
应改为:live (adj. 现场的, 实况转播的) +^.Q%b0Xx
解释:alive不能做定语, 只能做表语,所以应该改为live reports (现场报道) gbRdng7(}
(2) O/R>&8R$
Alike ethnographers, ethnohistorians make systematic observations, but they also }tZA7),L
A B C 84dej<
gather data from documentary and oral sources. OECXNx
D V/-~L]G
答案: A *:A)j?(
应改为:like !bCLi>8
解释:alike不能做定语, 只能做表语; alike/like 是TOEFL改错中常考的考点 _j2h3lCT
注意2:形容词词组修饰名词时要发生后置现象, 避免产生头重脚轻的感觉. R OQIw
如:a room bare of furniture, the form dependent of the contents等, ;EfMTI}6K
注意3:形容词修饰名词的语序也是TOEFL考点之一。 当多个形容词(甚至包括指示代词, 冠词和所有格)并列放置于名词之前时, 它们之间就存在着谁排在前面, 谁排在后面的问题, H{T)?J~
一般来说:这个排序的规则是: *ha9Vq@X
冠词(a, an, the)/所有格(my, your等)/指示代词(this, that等) + 数量形容词 + 描述性形容词 + 名词 ZvO:!u0+"
如: two young American students L3~E*\cV
my three red pencils k\}qCDs
第二节 比较级 f i!wrvO
英文中形容词在进行比较时需变为比较级,主要有两种形式: #zt+U^#)
在词尾加-er (单音节形容词),如:fast-faster, large-larger, busy-busier, big-bigger等; E%-&!%_>D@
或在词前加more (多音节形容词),如:more useful, more complex等 8`qw1dF
少数词比较级形式特殊,如:good(well)-better, bad(ill)-worse, many(much)-more, little-less, far-farther(更远的)/further(更进一步的), %]Nz54!
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考点一 含有标志词than uj/le0
1.最常见的比较级句式是由连词than引导比较的对象, *<#&ne8
如:It takes less time to go there by air than by train. 6v1#i
She possesses more books than I do. j4}aK2[<
He is more intelligent than I expected. M3F8@|2
than可视为比较级的标志词,在填空题中, =C\S6bF%
空后含有than的, 通常空格处需要填比较级, i]$7w! r&
空格前含有比较级的,通常空格处需要填than引导的从句。 O.K8$
例题: up2%QbN(
(1) Y9w=[[1
Maine has ---- weather than most of the other states in the continental United States. uV
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(A) coolest [bOy,^@4
(B) the coolest $uLzC]
(C) cooler *BO4"3Z
(D) the cooler MA-$aN_(
答案:A Io"=X!k
解释:标志词than意味着应用比较级,A, B可先排除;D多the; 只有A正确 *<