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楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

语法3(未完 )

第三节 最高级 "jCu6Rjd  
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考点一 最高级的形式 T{'RV0%   
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: 1x^GWtRp  
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; ,,TnIouy  
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive f mGc^d|=  
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. xD$\,{  
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. AwN!;t_0+N  
例题: LQ% `c  
(1) nFn5v'g  
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular V.Mry`9-  
    A                          B QW"! (`K  
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. 4P0}+  
 C          D D{!IW!w  
答案:A <Gsu Z  
应改为:easiest. NVs@S-rpX  
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 gZ5 |UR<  
二、没有等级的形容词 I_BJH'!t  
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 ,0k;!YK  
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: KmF]\:sMD  
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 Ep}s}Stlr}  
例题: %$mA03[MQ  
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. HTtnXBJ)*H  
(A) most unique 1Z;iV<d  
(B) unique 8_F1AU? u  
(C) least unique P*o9a  
(D)very unique 5X+A"X ;C  
答案: B rs.)CMk53  
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考点二 最高级前的限定词 /E>e"tvss  
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: If.r5z9  
the most important thing, the biggest elephant he4(hX^  
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: Z}QB. $&  
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience .u:GjL'$  
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 kP"9&R`E  
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. VE24ToI?W"  
    Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. 4z? l  
例题: `9 L>*  
(1) =}*0-\QG  
  Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. OY d !v`<  
  A  B         C              D +0~YP*I`/  
答案: D G?ZXWu.  
应改为: form the largest TN.rrop`#g  
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the 9UkBwS`  
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考点三 范围词 +H.`MZ=  
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 >bxS3FCX  
例题: Ngwb Q7)  
(1) p[-O( 3Y  
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to y^k$Us  
            A            B        Rv=YFo[B  
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. \8 ":]EU  
         C    D %$I;{-LD  
答案:C %*U'@r(A  
应改为:longest. a}d@ T  
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 pJ=#zsE0  
考点四 most的其他用法 ),)lzN%!  
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: 2T1q?L?]  
1.       当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: =vPj%oLp'a  
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; =-T]3!   
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists l.]xB,k  
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: D@KlOU{<  
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal ,I9bNO,%JK  
例题: i1085ztN  
(1) CAlCDfKW}  
  The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. $:6!H:ty  
   A        B   C     D >ef6{URy<  
答案:A teP<!RKNb  
应改为:Most jo7\`#(Q  
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. gr{ DWCK  
(2) ni<(K 0~  
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds E$e5^G9  
   A       B              C Om<a<q  
 of other cereal plants. h;Qk @F  
  D TvM~y\s  
答案:A [Pp'Ye~K@c  
应改为:most. y7{?Ip4[  
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 ]|@^1we  
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 +_!QSU,@  
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the end. CITc2v3a  
第三章 副词 {:s f7  
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副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 hP h-+Hb  
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 / FII07V  
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 n< ,BmVQ  
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第一节 副词修饰动词 ]5O~+Nf  
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 DXo|.!P=3  
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) I]575\bA  
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) 1\Xw3prH  
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) HQ g^ h  
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 qM`}{ /i  
例题: Q8NX)R  
(1) bOB \--:]  
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the do%&m]#;  
             A        B    C \RiP  
 1870's or thereabouts. uZ5p# M_  
      D ` A>@]d  
答案:C M{@(G 5  
应改为:commercially UZMd~|  
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 3<!7>]A  
(2) %4H%?4  
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. E.TAbD&5(  
(A) facially 2:kH[#  
(B) their faces .3;;;K9a~]  
(C) having facial o4X{L`m  
(D) they had faces +2{Lh7Ks  
答案:A 3$ pX  
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 /7kC<  
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第二节 程度副词much等 ;`&kZi60Hz  
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程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. t# i #(H  
She's not a bit more rational than you were. \dVOwr  
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 (HVGlw'`  
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; C_Dn{  
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, ;TYBx24vD'  
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; p+eh%2Jm  
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) HfVZ~PP  
例题: Da|z"I x  
(1) @]j1:PN-  
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. r p$'L7lrX  
   A    B   C    D Y4-t7UlS;  
答案:C eFgA 8kY)  
应改为:much faster ,bi^P>X  
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much TbU#96"~.  
(2) %EH)&k  
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm  ];m_4  
        A                 B Xvu(vA  
  regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. 1Mzmg[L8  
          C     D f|5co>Hk  
答案:B 1zv'.uu.,  
应改为:more. `?]k{ l1R  
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant G{}VPcrbC  
(3) fhiM U8(&  
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals Ml_^ `vn  
         A          B      C Hl"N}   
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. o!Zb0/AP)  
            D [0!(xp^  
考点:程度副词 K- v#.e4  
答案:D t.<i:#rj>l  
应改为:still more ( .:e,l{U%  
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, l?e.9o2-  
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 yWK)vju"  
(4) ?<!|  
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a *4'"2"  
        A      B          C      D *dQSw)R  
swan's. ,tFg4k[  
考点:程度副词 U^PgG|0N  
答案:A _a, s )  
应改为:little e\rp)[>'  
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little 43c E`9~  
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅
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