第三节 最高级 "jCu6Rj d
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考点一 最高级的形式 T{'RV0%
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: 1x^GWtRp
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; ,,TnIouy
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive f
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少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. xD$\,{
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. AwN!;t_0+N
例题: LQ% `c
(1) nFn5v'g
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular V.Mry`9-
A B QW"! (`K
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. 4P0}+
C D D{!IW!w
答案:A <GsuZ
应改为:easiest. NVs@S-rpX
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 gZ5 |UR<
二、没有等级的形容词 I_BJH'!t
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 ,0k;!YK
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: KmF]\:sMD
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 Ep}s}Stlr}
例题: %$mA03[MQ
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. HTtnXBJ)*H
(A) most unique 1Z;iV<d
(B) unique 8_F1AU? u
(C) least unique P* o9a
(D)very unique 5X+A"X
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答案: B rs.)CMk53
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考点二 最高级前的限定词 /E>e"tvss
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: If.r5z9
the most important thing, the biggest elephant he4(hX^
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: Z}QB.
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my latest hobby, her most interesting experience .u:GjL'$
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 kP"9&R`E
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. VE24ToI?W"
Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. 4z? l
例题: `9 L>*
(1) =}*0-\QG
Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. OYd !v`<
A B C D +0~YP*I`/
答案: D G?ZXWu.
应改为: form the largest TN.rrop`#g
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the 9UkBwS`
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考点三 范围词 +H.`MZ=
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 >bxS3FCX
例题: NgwbQ7)
(1) p[-O( 3Y
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to y^k$Us
A B Rv=YFo[B
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. \8
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C D %$I;{-LD
答案:C %*U'@r(A
应改为:longest. a}d@
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解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 pJ=#zsE0
考点四 most的其他用法 ),)lzN%!
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: 2T1q?L?]
1. 当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: =vPj%oLp'a
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; =-T]3!
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists l.]xB,k
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: D@KlOU{<
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal ,I9bNO,%JK
例题: i1085ztN
(1) CAlCDfKW}
The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. $:6!H:ty
A B C D >ef6{URy<
答案:A teP<!RKNb
应改为:Most
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解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. gr{ DWCK
(2) ni<(K
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The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds E$e5^G9
A B C Om<a<q
of other cereal plants. h;Qk@F
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答案:A [Pp'Ye~K@c
应改为:most.
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解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 ]|@^1we
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 +_!QSU,@
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the end. CITc2v3a
第三章 副词 {:s
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副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 hPh-+Hb
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 /FII07V
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 n<
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第一节 副词修饰动词 ]5O~+Nf
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 DXo|.!P=3
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) I]575\bA
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) 1\Xw3prH
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) HQ g^
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改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 qM`}{
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例题: Q8NX)R
(1) bOB\--:]
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the do%&m]#;
A B C \RiP
1870's or thereabouts. uZ5p#
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答案:C M{@(G
5
应改为:commercially UZMd~|
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 3<!7>]A
(2) %4H%?4
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. E.TAbD&5(
(A) facially 2:kH[#
(B) their faces .3;;;K9a~]
(C) having facial o4X{L`m
(D) they had faces +2{Lh7Ks
答案:A 3$ pX
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 /7kC<
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第二节 程度副词much等 ;`&kZi60Hz
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程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. t# i#(H
She's not a bit more rational than you were. \dVOwr
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 (HVGlw'`
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; C _Dn{
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, ;TYBx24vD'
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; p+eh%2Jm
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) HfVZ~PP
例题: Da|z"I
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(1) @]j1:PN-
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. r
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A B C D Y4-t7UlS;
答案:C eFgA 8kY)
应改为:much faster ,bi^P>X
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much TbU#96"~.
(2) %EH)&k
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm
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A B Xvu(vA
regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. 1Mzmg[L8
C D f|5co>Hk
答案:B 1zv'.uu.,
应改为:more. `?]k{ l1R
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant G{}VPcrbC
(3) fhiM U8(&
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals Ml_^
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A B C Hl"N}
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. o!Zb0/AP)
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考点:程度副词 K-v#.e4
答案:D t.<i:#rj>l
应改为:still more (.:e,l{U%
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, l?e.9o2-
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 yWK)vju"
(4) ?<!|
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a * 4'"2"
A B C D *dQSw)R
swan's. ,tFg4k[
考点:程度副词 U^PgG|0N
答案:A _a, s
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应改为:little e\rp)[>'
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little 43c
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词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅