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楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

语法3(未完 )

第三节 最高级 <ETR6r  
X \1grM  
考点一 最高级的形式 B`Q~p 92  
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: 8N8N)#A[  
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; L1'#wH  
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive VhWF(*  
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. /Lf+*u>"  
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. 0gs0[ @  
例题: Ax9a5;5WM  
(1) &rcC7v K9  
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular "o=*f/M  
    A                          B ranLHm.nB  
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. %(c5T)B9  
 C          D C1/<t)^  
答案:A MS Ml  
应改为:easiest. M7\; Y  
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 {Q&@vbw'  
二、没有等级的形容词 $qoh0$  
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 .3{PgrZ  
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: "1<>c/h  
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 !L +4YA  
例题: Yt 9{:+[RK  
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. Zd~l_V f  
(A) most unique bVB_KE  
(B) unique muAI$IRR   
(C) least unique +w(sDH~kd  
(D)very unique w3l+BUn:X  
答案: B }`O_  
'Xl_,; W]  
考点二 最高级前的限定词 %Fh*$gzh*5  
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: *u2pk>y)  
the most important thing, the biggest elephant y+ZRh?2  
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: :'L^zGf  
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience Fq]ht*  
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 WBo|0(#  
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. -,M*j|   
    Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment.  d"E@e21  
例题: l3d^V&Sk  
(1) >S3,_@C  
  Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. 'T(7EL3$}  
  A  B         C              D 2D5S%27,  
答案: D j}0W|*   
应改为: form the largest kRCuc}:SB  
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the C*;g!~{  
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考点三 范围词 (J c} K  
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 [ n[!RddY  
例题: =%p%+F@RlW  
(1) YbMeSU/sX  
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to ^8,Y1r9`$  
            A            B        }y<p_dZI  
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. &3 QdQ n,  
         C    D .'zXO  
答案:C o gcEv>0  
应改为:longest. 54TW8y `h  
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 LX%K*nlj  
考点四 most的其他用法 1_D|;/aI  
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: M YQZqlV  
1.       当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: 41c]o<!=)j  
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; d$>TC(E=t  
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists ^DL}J>F9G  
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: % D]vKv~<  
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal (!-gX" <b  
例题: &RRHmJI:  
(1) L5%t. 7B  
  The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. gy|L!_1Z8  
   A        B   C     D sFqLxSo_I  
答案:A Ls8@@b,t2  
应改为:Most Fai_v{&?  
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. #;9I3,@/Y  
(2) Ekb9=/  
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds *R] Ob9X  
   A       B              C :n'$Txf  
 of other cereal plants. v-zi ,]W  
  D l)V!0eW  
答案:A F`/ -Q>Q  
应改为:most. [E9V#J89  
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 3 [R<JrO  
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 81m3j`b  
\rXmWzl{  
the end. v"nN[_T  
第三章 副词 1&zvf4  
;[-OMGr]#  
副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 ~UrKyA  
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 N$\'X<{  
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 7_OC&hhL  
r]e1a\)r  
第一节 副词修饰动词 yyp0GV.x  
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 cyM9[X4rC  
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) D-{;;<nIr`  
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) A -C.Bi;/  
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) -L4fp  
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 \a<7DTV  
例题: :;Lt~:0b~  
(1) 3,ihVVr&P  
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the \9H pbCHr  
             A        B    C @nC][gNv  
 1870's or thereabouts. /+V}.  
      D m:6^yfS  
答案:C y4\(ynk  
应改为:commercially jHPkfwfAF  
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 Z \lJE>1  
(2) CP]nk0  
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. /)%$xi  
(A) facially v3p0  
(B) their faces }3825  
(C) having facial JXx[e  
(D) they had faces ^Z |WD!>`  
答案:A 8"'Z0 Ey  
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 Vn=K5nm  
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第二节 程度副词much等 Y>J$OA:  
n 3eLIA{  
程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. &GfDo4$  
She's not a bit more rational than you were. (]@yDb4  
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 9ZD>_a  
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; :5'8MU  
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, *'-[J2  
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; h5o6G1ur  
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) nk*T x  
例题: L JgGX,Kp  
(1) ` t6|09e  
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. .)g7s? K  
   A    B   C    D L^FQ|?*  
答案:C \H4$9lPk  
应改为:much faster b Y2:g )  
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much Z ~3  
(2) W^,(we  
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm <~bvf A=  
        A                 B MqAN~<l [  
  regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. Mp3nR5@d$  
          C     D ["H2H rI2  
答案:B adn2&7H  
应改为:more. fzJ^`  
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant e9;5.m  
(3) ts/Ha*h  
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals AsfmH-4)  
         A          B      C l+#uQo6cqQ  
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. ^2`*1el  
            D 8\S$iGd  
考点:程度副词 @:/H)F^x  
答案:D #G]g  
应改为:still more T(=Z0M   
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, $ vBFs]h  
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 9>6?tb"f*H  
(4) `PtfPt<{  
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a cS%;JV>C  
        A      B          C      D >ra)4huZ  
swan's. 6J<R;g23R]  
考点:程度副词 he|.Ow  
答案:A owzcc-g  
应改为:little !}hG|Y6s  
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little .wPI%5D  
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅
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