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主题 : 语法3(未完 )
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楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

语法3(未完 )

第三节 最高级 hKZ`D B4  
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考点一 最高级的形式 %X"m/4c8}  
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: ^2C /!Y<  
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; KW|\)83$  
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive #3Ej0"A@-B  
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. K%(XgXb(</  
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. ZG@M%|>  
例题: S2 "=B&,}  
(1) :`Uyn!w  
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular 9XoQO9*Q  
    A                          B 46K&$6eN  
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. ![@T iM  
 C          D $' (QTEM  
答案:A 4g7ja   
应改为:easiest. JS/M~8+Et  
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 Z%+BWS3YqY  
二、没有等级的形容词 7k] RO  
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 jWXR__>.  
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如:  k6O. H  
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 ZMoJ#p(  
例题: oe!:|ck<  
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. ;NH~9# t:  
(A) most unique WGh. ;-  
(B) unique n1*&%d'7  
(C) least unique g@@&sB-A"  
(D)very unique SPkKiEdM  
答案: B Z&FkLww  
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考点二 最高级前的限定词 " F-Y^  
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: =2 &hQd   
the most important thing, the biggest elephant ~{kM5:-iw  
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: 2wx!Lpr<i_  
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience &P 8!]:  
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 N5nvL)a~  
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. %won=TG8  
    Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. fokwW}>B[f  
例题: tTotPPZf}  
(1) 'nRp}s1^[  
  Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group.  5kcJ  
  A  B         C              D b5A Gk  
答案: D I4)Nb WQ  
应改为: form the largest '_B_&is  
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the T yU&QXb  
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考点三 范围词 /ZHO>LNN|  
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 d,W/M(S  
例题: v btAq^1  
(1) ~}BJ0P(VMc  
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to Qi_&aU$>lM  
            A            B        osl=[pm  
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. LI[ ?~P2\  
         C    D *|mz_cKu  
答案:C '9qn*H`'  
应改为:longest. 5^yG2&>#  
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 A8J8u,u9  
考点四 most的其他用法 pA<eTlH  
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: q0Xoj__c!A  
1.       当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: M EEAQd<*  
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; E#8_hT]5  
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists u+i(";\  
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: /|?F)%v\  
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal ! ao6e  
例题: 1]j^d  
(1) &pM' $}T*  
  The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. >8|+%pK8<  
   A        B   C     D H'EY)s Hi  
答案:A ),=@q+{E{  
应改为:Most b$Ln} <  
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. i}B;+0<drx  
(2) A[`G^ $  
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds Y9u;H^^G  
   A       B              C < W*xshn  
 of other cereal plants. # ORO&78  
  D |g<*Rk0  
答案:A ?g3 ]~;#  
应改为:most. 3;-^YG  
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 03([@d6<E  
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 $w)~xE5;  
1 {Jb"  
the end. j)Y[4 ^k^  
第三章 副词 >&WhQhZ3kg  
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副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 _9@ >;]  
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 Km!nM$=k  
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 7J|&U2}c  
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第一节 副词修饰动词 ]Bnwk o  
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 0y~<%`~  
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) ghAi{@s$)  
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) P=`1rjPE  
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) /(?@mnq_  
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 2r&R"B1`(  
例题: (UYF%MA}"  
(1) " xR[mJ@U  
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the ECcZz.  
             A        B    C g%a|q~)  
 1870's or thereabouts. ?2#(jZ# 2  
      D XiQkrZ  
答案:C {6G?[ `&ca  
应改为:commercially + G;LX'B  
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 wO.iKX;  
(2) %gd(wzco  
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. F$MX,,4U  
(A) facially z42F,4Gk  
(B) their faces &dR=?bz-A  
(C) having facial DmqSQA  
(D) they had faces PftxqJz  
答案:A O+~ 7l?o  
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 ',I0ih#Ls  
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第二节 程度副词much等 Ysi  g T  
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程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. %|"g/2sF[G  
She's not a bit more rational than you were. !CUoHTmB  
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 XORk!m|  
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; X"aEJ|y  
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, %^]?5a!  
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; H%F>@(U  
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) ^|MjJsn  
例题: 9uk<&nqx  
(1) ]3iH[,KU3  
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. a->3`c  
   A    B   C    D :4gLjzL  
答案:C 2";SJF'5\  
应改为:much faster O1&b]C#  
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much tWeFEVg  
(2) eYX5(`c[  
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm 4LH[4Yj?`  
        A                 B 81LNkE,  
  regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. =ONHK F[UJ  
          C     D _PFnh)o  
答案:B LUX*P7*B  
应改为:more. ao_4mSB  
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant < 0M:"^f  
(3) B~ S6R  
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals ?S$i?\Qh  
         A          B      C Fs_]RfG  
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. Z/;Xl~  
            D ~Nf})U  
考点:程度副词 CI U1R;  
答案:D YOr:sb   
应改为:still more (;Y8pKl1e  
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, (+uj1z^  
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 !-`Cp3gqHr  
(4) 7 >iU1zy  
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a &k-Vcrcz  
        A      B          C      D gz2\H}  
swan's. n1 6 `y}  
考点:程度副词 4P^6oh0"  
答案:A jZ`;Cy\ <B  
应改为:little 2(5ebe[  
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little s,#>m*Rh  
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅
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