2008中科院英语翻译全文 ,St#/tu
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One of the most difficult situations that a researcher HDYr?t~V
can encounter is to see or suspect that a colleague has "aK3
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violated the ethical standards of the research n'0^l?V
community. It is easy to find excuses to do nothing, but Wm4@+ }
someone who has witnessed misconduct has an unmistakable y5iLFR3z
obligation to act. At the most immediate level, r#*k x# "
misconduct can seriously obstruct or damage one's own JPS22i)P
research or the research of colleagues. More broadly, *}Zd QJL
even a single case of misconduct can malign scientists Y$!K<c k
and their institutions, result in the imposition of ; ! &A
counterproductive regulations, and shake public y.2_5&e/
confidence in the integrity of science. vb)Z&V6(
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To be sure, raising a concern about unethical conduct is :j9{n ,F
rarely an easy thing to do. In some cases, anonymity is 5b3Wt7
possible-but not always. Reprisals by the accused person _Xd,a Loo
and by skeptical colleagues have occurred in the past 6+BR5Nr
and have had serious consequences. Any allegation of P0S ;aE
misconduct is a very important charge that needs to be 7kO5hlKeo
taken seriously. If mishandled, an allegation can LGKkT?fcSC
gravely damage the person charged, the one who makes the /E$"\md
charge, the institutions involved, and science in ?JDZ DPVJ)
general. 7 (^<Z5@
Someone who is confronting a problem involving research g<{/mxv/
ethics usually has more options than are immediately 7$WO@yOsh
apparent. In most cases the best thing to do is to F=yrqRS=
discuss the situation with a trusted friend or advisor. ym:^Y-^iV
In universities, faculty advisors, department chairs, DtG><g}[]
and other senior faculty can be invaluable sources of .,(bDXl?
advice in deciding whether to go forward with a ]h~=lItTRZ
complaint. bVSa}&*k M
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An important consideration is deciding when to put a ! L:! X88
complaint in writing. Once in writing, universities are #qT 97NQ
obligated to deal with a complaint in a more formal d$8rzd
manner than if it is made verbally. Putting a complaint `YAqR?Xj_<
in writing can have serious consequences for the career EMzJJe{Cv
of a scientist and should be undertaken only after T5.1q
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thorough consideration. 3]WIN_h
The National Science Foundation and Public Health k-xh-&
Service require all research institutions that receive \NKf$"x}
public funds to have procedures in place to deal with DhV( $&*M
allegations of unethical practice. These procedures take CdlE"Ye
into account fairness for the accused, protection for ;X-~C.7k
the accuser, coordination with funding agencies, and ?Q[uIQ?dV
requirements for confidentiality and disclosure. ^ '!] |^
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In addition, many universities and other research ) a.Y$
