2008中科院英语翻译全文 A Z& ]@Ao
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One of the most difficult situations that a researcher u s3fBY'
can encounter is to see or suspect that a colleague has [m{uJ dj\
violated the ethical standards of the research n
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community. It is easy to find excuses to do nothing, but Sn ~|<Vf
someone who has witnessed misconduct has an unmistakable H_+F~P 5RC
obligation to act. At the most immediate level, [sweN]b6F
misconduct can seriously obstruct or damage one's own 1pHt 3Vc(G
research or the research of colleagues. More broadly, #E #.`/4
even a single case of misconduct can malign scientists -|&5 aH]
and their institutions, result in the imposition of R6/vhze4L2
counterproductive regulations, and shake public 3^J~ts{*
confidence in the integrity of science. k| Ye[GM*
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To be sure, raising a concern about unethical conduct is Nw=mSW^E
rarely an easy thing to do. In some cases, anonymity is yqKERdm
possible-but not always. Reprisals by the accused person E]26a,^L
and by skeptical colleagues have occurred in the past A3=$I&!%
and have had serious consequences. Any allegation of c<J/I_!
misconduct is a very important charge that needs to be GVt}\e~"
taken seriously. If mishandled, an allegation can ?Pw(
gravely damage the person charged, the one who makes the M4m90C;dq
charge, the institutions involved, and science in K
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general. HLml:B[F(
Someone who is confronting a problem involving research "Ooc;xD3<
ethics usually has more options than are immediately P-c<[DSM'I
apparent. In most cases the best thing to do is to BvA09lK
discuss the situation with a trusted friend or advisor.
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In universities, faculty advisors, department chairs, q q1@v0
and other senior faculty can be invaluable sources of ;`P}\
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advice in deciding whether to go forward with a y@? t[A#v
complaint. j/<z[ q r
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An important consideration is deciding when to put a -B l !s^-'
complaint in writing. Once in writing, universities are %oY=.Ok ]
obligated to deal with a complaint in a more formal $JTQA
manner than if it is made verbally. Putting a complaint 3.^T m+ C
in writing can have serious consequences for the career ILQB%0!
of a scientist and should be undertaken only after >Tq Mb8e_
thorough consideration. ZXR#t? D
The National Science Foundation and Public Health ZLRAiL
Service require all research institutions that receive UZ"jQJQ
public funds to have procedures in place to deal with :J{| /"==
allegations of unethical practice. These procedures take [`eqma
into account fairness for the accused, protection for +"Ui @^
the accuser, coordination with funding agencies, and A
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requirements for confidentiality and disclosure. = /b WS,=
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In addition, many universities and other research c< P ML|e
institutions have designated an ombudsman, ethics }>|M6.n "
officer, or other official who is available to discuss } 9qbF+b
situations involving research ethics. Such discussions AUk,sCxd
are carried out in strictest confidence whenever |QI FtdU5T
possible. Some institutions provide for multiple entry { e
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points, so that complainants can go to a person with "&,Gn# 'FG
whom they feel comfortable. HZH zjrx
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1、广义地说，即使是一个不轨行为，也能中伤科学家和他们的单位，导致不利于科研出成果的法规的实行，并动摇公众对科学诚实性的信心。 .|pyloL.
2、如果处理不当，一个举报能严重伤害被控告者、指控者、有关单位、乃至整个科学。 (np %urx!
3、在大多数情况下，最好的方法是与一个值得信任的朋友或导师讨论此事。在大学里，指导老师、系主任和其他高级教师，在决定是否提出投诉时，能提供宝贵的意见 .K n )sD1
4、书面投诉对科学家的职业生涯会产生严重后果，只有完全考虑清楚后才能进行。 |"Rl_+d7D
5、这些措施涉及公平对待被告、保护投诉人、与基金管理机构协调、并根据要求保密及公开。
