2008中科院英语翻译全文 ${Mz O i
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One of the most difficult situations that a researcher 0+e=s0s.
can encounter is to see or suspect that a colleague has l S)^8
violated the ethical standards of the research
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community. It is easy to find excuses to do nothing, but &{V |%u}v
someone who has witnessed misconduct has an unmistakable z'U.}27&o
obligation to act. At the most immediate level, Jt=- >
misconduct can seriously obstruct or damage one's own r8s>s6 vm
research or the research of colleagues. More broadly, F:!6B b C
even a single case of misconduct can malign scientists Y"
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and their institutions, result in the imposition of 509T ? \r
counterproductive regulations, and shake public @G" nkB
confidence in the integrity of science. rG
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To be sure, raising a concern about unethical conduct is R iLl\S#
rarely an easy thing to do. In some cases, anonymity is o8R_ Ojh
possible-but not always. Reprisals by the accused person k|/VNV( =0
and by skeptical colleagues have occurred in the past H?=W]<!W{y
and have had serious consequences. Any allegation of 2Mt$Dah
misconduct is a very important charge that needs to be 9^XZ|`
taken seriously. If mishandled, an allegation can I?'*vAW<
gravely damage the person charged, the one who makes the p(n0(}eVC'
charge, the institutions involved, and science in /x??J4r0
general. 5-X$"Z|@
Someone who is confronting a problem involving research juR>4SH
ethics usually has more options than are immediately HPt3WBRzS;
apparent. In most cases the best thing to do is to 6{I7)@>N
discuss the situation with a trusted friend or advisor. ~^2w)-N
In universities, faculty advisors, department chairs, rr
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and other senior faculty can be invaluable sources of Okci L]
advice in deciding whether to go forward with a y~+LzDV
complaint. D`p2a eI
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An important consideration is deciding when to put a ^aB;Oo
complaint in writing. Once in writing, universities are 6>Wk isxG
obligated to deal with a complaint in a more formal b$'%)\( 'g
manner than if it is made verbally. Putting a complaint %$& eC
in writing can have serious consequences for the career jwk+ &S
of a scientist and should be undertaken only after =8l' [
thorough consideration. w:
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The National Science Foundation and Public Health (]q
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Service require all research institutions that receive :$G ^TD/n
public funds to have procedures in place to deal with Nf4@m|#
allegations of unethical practice. These procedures take OAkqPG& w
into account fairness for the accused, protection for 'gN[ LERT
the accuser, coordination with funding agencies, and Kh3i.gm7g
requirements for confidentiality and disclosure. @g[ijs\
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In addition, many universities and other research iX?j " =!
institutions have designated an ombudsman, ethics F7} yt
officer, or other official who is available to discuss OkRb3}
situations involving research ethics. Such discussions EZWWv L
are carried out in strictest confidence whenever J)g
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possible. Some institutions provide for multiple entry e[fld,s
points, so that complainants can go to a person with %;wD B2k*
whom they feel comfortable. s3Bo'hGxG
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1、广义地说，即使是一个不轨行为，也能中伤科学家和他们的单位，导致不利于科研出成果的法规的实行，并动摇公众对科学诚实性的信心。 sB0]lj-[Un
2、如果处理不当，一个举报能严重伤害被控告者、指控者、有关单位、乃至整个科学。 Ks3YrKk;p
3、在大多数情况下，最好的方法是与一个值得信任的朋友或导师讨论此事。在大学里，指导老师、系主任和其他高级教师，在决定是否提出投诉时，能提供宝贵的意见 Z&@P<
4、书面投诉对科学家的职业生涯会产生严重后果，只有完全考虑清楚后才能进行。
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5、这些措施涉及公平对待被告、保护投诉人、与基金管理机构协调、并根据要求保密及公开。
