英语语法的十六种时态 一、概况
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h\K 一般时
w0m^ & ,;# : fcM:w& 进行时
3Mjj' 5KH! nwI3| & 完成时
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K7 完成进行时
4Aes#{R3v 5X.ebd;PT 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时 一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时
&$FvWFRh# -XK0KYhgW 二、十六种时态的谓语形势
rt7<Q47QE 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing 将来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing 过去将来 should/would do
S:Q! "U should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing
pcS+o 一般过去时的用法
BbOu /i| GV |9H]_,I 1）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
+%>:0mT When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
v9R W5 Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
IakKi4( Wl"0m1G 2）句型：
b Uy,5gk- It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"
E|EgB33S It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"
?9MVM~$ It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
[dX`K `k It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
M(q'%XL^ would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'
^H'a4G3 I'd rather you came tomorrow.
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%y yT :\~ +#/=: 3) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
9W`Frx'h1 I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
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M@ 比较：
Pi 2 | 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
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Christine was an invalid all her life.
U_yE& 6 T (含义：她已不在人间。)
YA(@5CZ Christine has been an invalid all her life.
oT95^y\9 (含义：她现在还活着)
RuW!*LI Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
Rs& @4_D (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
L];y}]:F* Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
?wpB` ( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)
}f>H\iJe ewsKH\#
注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
f2)XP$: 1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
y?
(2U6c Did you want anything else?
G`=r^$.3WB I wondered if you could help me.
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y`.s 2）情态动词 could, would.
\6|/RFT Could you lend me your bike?
N^?9ZO 一般将来时
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w t6N*6ld2b 1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。
c/W=$ 3 will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
jZfx Jm Which paragraph shall I read first.
Ft{[ae?4 Will you be at home at seven this evening?
Doze8pn )w~Fo, 2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。
/Poet%XvRx a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
wz8PtfZ What are you going to do tomorrow?
92W&x' b. 计划，安排要发生的事。
tY W>t9 the play is going to be produced next month。
kW= z+ c. 有迹象要发生的事
C}g9'jY Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
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- Q<tu) Qo 3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
9e!NOl\_;. We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
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N% 4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。
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He is about to leave for Beijing.
*2 "6fX[ 注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
PrF}a<:n: 现在进行时
&Y P#M | pfuW xk~I N%\ Mr. GREen is writing another novel.
C z#Z <: (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
JF9yVE - She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
FwKj+f" c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
W ~T}@T:EN the leaves are turning red.
~i'Nqe_ It's getting warmer and warmer.
PrQ?PvA<L d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
4S0>-?{ You are always changing your mind.
SM 0M% x LBQ 典型例题
',7??Q7j&v My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
1B>V t*= A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
?C0l~:j7D 答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
| aQ"3d 过去进行时
3CjL\pIC vh!v
MB}} 1） 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
hlZ@Dq%f n@C~ev@%S 2） 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。
.Jb$l$5'w UnDgu4#R`A 3) 常用的时间状语
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this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
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c^ )Ag/Qep >C WKH~ My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
'+'CbWgY It was raining when they left the station.
d<w~jP\ When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
I:( m aM c SDG-~(Y 典型例题
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1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
\ A1uhHP! A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
YIt9M,5/Q 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同 时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
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lKJll^2: 2s*#u <I 2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
I|oT0y & read； was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
:vx$vZb 答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
J`M&{U P 比较过去时与现在完成时
r,SnXjp@ LL^q1)o D8{D [f J; P47V:E% 一般过去时的时间状语:
Z.L?1V8Q1 yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
@YvOoTyb . %EL \2 共同的时间状语:
JuRH>` this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
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uy _wp^ 现在完成时的时间状语
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+ for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
!9*c8bL D 不确定的时间状语
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LBvGZ< 9 MfF~8 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
[, EpN{l 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
))D:8l@ 举例：
|!| ^ v I saw this film yesterday.
s1Ok |31| （强调看的动作发生过了。）
E "iUq I have seen this film.
}K1 0Po ' （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
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K Why did you get up so early?
iF5'ygR-Z （强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
oeS N 9O Who hasn't handed in his paper?
( GnuWc\p （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
% )jxW{ She has returned from Paris.
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她已从巴黎回来了。
k NqS8R| She returned yesterday.
% R#L 她是昨天回来了。
:Eh\NOc_ O He has been in the League for three years.
#?MY&hdU9 (在团内的状态可延续)
_iKq~\v2 He has been a League member for three years.
_LP/!D (是团员的状态可持续)
wHZW ` He joined the League three years ago.
T J^u"j-' ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
*D4hq= I have finished my homework now.
0`.^MC? ^2d!*W| ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
I jr\5FA[p ---He's already been sent for.
H|ozDA 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
U<"WK "SM （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
o)6p A ^+ （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
