英语语法的十六种时态 一、概况
j.<:00< -)4uYK* 一般时
&t~zD4u B :!(YEF#} 进行时
1P+Mv^%I f#'8"ff*1 完成时
@c6"RHG9 ay=KfY5
完成进行时
@YEw^J~ .Ln;m8 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时 一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时
w 9G_>+?E ?H y%ULk 二、十六种时态的谓语形势
=Dh$yC-Zr 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing 将来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing 过去将来 should/would do
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a should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing
KYnW7|* 一般过去时的用法
' 9IP; CWE Ejl 1）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
B*- ToXQQr When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
]jHgo](% Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
vh<]a iY 8W19#?7>B 2）句型：
xP8iz?6"V It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"
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(>cdl It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"
A6{t%k~F It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
bHh C56[M It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
XD;15a would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'
zkjPLeX I'd rather you came tomorrow.
skk-.9 * \=2KIF' 3) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
3S[ w' I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
r4;5b s6wm 9F 2w.(m 比较：
p<Zs*
@ 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
* 23m- Christine was an invalid all her life.
iYO
wB'z (含义：她已不在人间。)
PphR4 sIM Christine has been an invalid all her life.
_Vd b? (含义：她现在还活着)
Bxn 8>< Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
xFs B?d (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
D%c7 J K Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
6Nfof ( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)
"C$!mdr7 ?=;e.qK=71 注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
2x<Qt2" 1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
:GwSs'$ O Did you want anything else?
uPv;y!Lsa@ I wondered if you could help me.
68&6J's; 2）情态动词 could, would.
:$SRG^7md Could you lend me your bike?
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"L){$ 一般将来时
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I Z ,|1G6f@ 1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。
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w will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
!LHzY( Which paragraph shall I read first.
l6&v}M Will you be at home at seven this evening?
4pfix1F g ,E*a$cCw 2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。
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a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
zbI wH6 What are you going to do tomorrow?
5oT2 )yz b. 计划，安排要发生的事。
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!RVD*( the play is going to be produced next month。
RAg|V:/M c. 有迹象要发生的事
!\&7oAs=I Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
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@@ 3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
pU:C =hq4 We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
L!8 - :)0b 2vh!p ez_ 4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。
r7Q:l ?F2 He is about to leave for Beijing.
7? Qt2 tr 注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
p E(<XD3Q 现在进行时
:b M$; RK~FT/ Cb@S </b Mr. GREen is writing another novel.
?G>5 D`V (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
*xv /b= She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
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D2C'KD c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
PFDWC3< the leaves are turning red.
A=qW]Im It's getting warmer and warmer.
Wf TdD.Xx d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
D25gg You are always changing your mind.
LKqog%,c *nsnX/e(- 典型例题
,3@15j My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
2ucF( ^ A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
,
R .+-X 答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
-YRL> ]1 过去进行时
d WB8 @8<uAu% 1） 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
3ciVjH>i )(ZPSg$/F 2） 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。
H8t{ >C)] Q 5Ghki 3) 常用的时间状语
bZOy~F| this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
U70@}5! xZ @O"*{ ?;KJ
(@Va My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
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It was raining when they left the station.
_@~kYz When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
rd 35) -< d MD_ 典型例题
3~3(G[w 1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
Znl>*e/| A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
xZ'` _x9l 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同 时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
Mevyj;1t x+:,b~Skk 2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
Q0"F> %Cn read； was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
!qGx (D{\ 答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
p:Ld)U * 比较过去时与现在完成时
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s8_NN Y %D*O 一般过去时的时间状语:
DdS3<3]A yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
o` 1V ttq< )4 共同的时间状语:
[U7,\o4w this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
,;e-37^0l Q.E^9giC 现在完成时的时间状语
]-Y]Q%A4 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
N9h@1'> 不确定的时间状语
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^sn>p}Tg 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
-0IFPL8 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
kR~4O$riG 举例：
% m5 ^p I saw this film yesterday.
V #\ZS{'J （强调看的动作发生过了。）
VJtTbt;> I have seen this film.
~rJw$v （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
)qP{X,Uf Why did you get up so early?
rbZ 6V : （强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
a; ow G/\p Who hasn't handed in his paper?
nV xMo_ （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
nC{rs+P She has returned from Paris.
Bsk2&17z 她已从巴黎回来了。
{)gd|JV * She returned yesterday.
0uJzff!| 她是昨天回来了。
X*yp=qI He has been in the League for three years.
aKzD63 (在团内的状态可延续)
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He has been a League member for three years.
~
2oP, (是团员的状态可持续)
NITx;iC He joined the League three years ago.
?BvI /H5d ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
m7eIhmP I have finished my homework now.
x, G6`|Hl &j@J <*k ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
>!F ,y3"5S ---He's already been sent for.
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^ T9OC 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
17]3 1 （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
{,2_K6# （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
