英语语法的十六种时态 一、概况
):>?N`{V Kq Jln)7 一般时
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Qgd 6}N`YOJ. 进行时
K 'l-6JY- j# 2Xw25 完成时
eo4z!@pRN %M1l[\N 完成进行时
K<5yjG8& v LN KX;9 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时 一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时
}YdC[b$j^ |=YK2}; 二、十六种时态的谓语形势
_";w*lg} 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing 将来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing 过去将来 should/would do
)e3w-es~4 should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing
DL4`j>2Ov 一般过去时的用法
_h ^.`Tz, $%bd`d*S 1）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
, v } ) When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
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P+ Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
[06m{QJ)1 V;S V0~& 2）句型：
l VD{Y`) It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"
]vf0 f,F It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"
Mo N/?VA It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
cKkH*0 B5 It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
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E" would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'
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I'd rather you came tomorrow.
+8Q @R)3 :n13v @q 3) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
e.MyJ:eL I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
V1M|p! !c)F; 比较：
]QJ 5JtD- 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
',`Qx{tQ) Christine was an invalid all her life.
Rq+7&%dy (含义：她已不在人间。)
W* S4gPGM Christine has been an invalid all her life.
LqD7SJ}/f (含义：她现在还活着)
~fD\=- S1 Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
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(含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
jRiMWolLv Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
6X A(<1P ( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)
3S_H& >K H%l-@::+$ 注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
"aKlvK:77 1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
Y5C kC F Did you want anything else?
DRRQ] eK0 I wondered if you could help me.
3HuocwWbz 2）情态动词 could, would.
L;*7 p9 Could you lend me your bike?
Xe&9| M 一般将来时
R%n*wGi_6b 8*b{8%<K MXl_ {8 1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。
zx8@4?bK will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
O 95gdxc Which paragraph shall I read first.
:D3:`P>, c Will you be at home at seven this evening?
]m`:T Zbr e5&aU 2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。
;lE=7[UJ3X a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
Jjj;v2uSK What are you going to do tomorrow?
<f:(nG j b. 计划，安排要发生的事。
RgH 6l2 the play is going to be produced next month。
2Jiy`(P c. 有迹象要发生的事
*"_W1}^ Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
'W9[ Vm LrO[l0#'Q 3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
!.# g We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
ex~"M&^ %$b}o7U"s 4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。
k9 H}nP$F He is about to leave for Beijing.
xv147"w'v 注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
1jKj' 7/K 现在进行时
@kDY c8 t9 %/\sn<6C} z7 ?SuJ Mr. GREen is writing another novel.
f:P;_/cJc (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
a 01s'9Be She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
Z3wdk6%:} c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
5G2ueRVb the leaves are turning red.
D` cy.},L It's getting warmer and warmer.
mPPB"uQ d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
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] You are always changing your mind.
n zAySMD_ e 5(|9*t 典型例题
@HI@ PZ> My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
*b{Hj'H aH A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
vP '!&} 答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
RJ 4=AA| 过去进行时
V$$9Rh AYoTCi%7E 1） 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
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d{}F 2） 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。
ZV5IZ&V! ESIeZhXVH 3) 常用的时间状语
eln$,zK/b this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
%F-yF N" 3 S>rc0]6 MdkL_YP}. My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
meap ;p It was raining when they left the station.
h{~GzrL* When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
8 f~M6 $K\;sn; |: 典型例题
1v|0 &{lB 1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
r|bGn#^ A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
Y!(w. G 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同 时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
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' 2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
w 17{2'] read； was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
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)Eb 答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
:.-KM7tDI1 比较过去时与现在完成时
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`X =[ m> 一般过去时的时间状语:
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yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
! .q#X^@>L *TxR2pC} 共同的时间状语:
S~g " this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
ypA 9WF yaI jXv 现在完成时的时间状语
N45@)s!F9j for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
Sc]h^B^7 不确定的时间状语
S .C7%XU G1,u{d-_ 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
0|rdI,z 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
dTU`@!f 举例：
$yFR{_] I saw this film yesterday.
K}LF ${bS （强调看的动作发生过了。）
`| [UF^9 I have seen this film.
ef:Zi_o （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
1!ijRr Why did you get up so early?
#t ">tL （强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
O ;#0Yg Who hasn't handed in his paper?
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pQ （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
x Sv@K5"8! She has returned from Paris.
=vKSvQP@) 她已从巴黎回来了。
sQ82(N7l She returned yesterday.
myZ8LQ& 她是昨天回来了。
d]l(B+\vf He has been in the League for three years.
3.04Toq! (在团内的状态可延续)
{/qq *0wa He has been a League member for three years.
kQtnT7 (是团员的状态可持续)
p-%m/d? He joined the League three years ago.
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a!tOf2 ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
.iEzEm u I have finished my homework now.
MSS0Sx<f sHMZ'9b ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
0hju@& Aa ---He's already been sent for.
Y/
n],(t) 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
#mc GT\tQ （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
kM @heFJb. （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
