过去完成时
oy90|.]G a. She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
XYD}OddO b. 状语从句
k?|l;6 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
Mfjj+P When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
<F!On5=W* c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"
E )D*~2o/ We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
|}paa oGpyuB@A/ 3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
qYj
EQz He said that he had learned some English before.
l;$HGoJ By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
Q jMH1S Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
fw@n[u{~ c%Y%c2( [ 典型例题
d *ch.((- the students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
Q/ rOIHiI A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
^`NU:" 答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此
omQa N# !, 前一句应用过去进行时。
6jFc' &6nOCU) 注意： had no … when 还没等…… 就……
dXgj had no sooner… than 刚…… 就……
o|lEF+ He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
5I9~OJ> 用于现在完成时的句型
* Q=
ER .-t#wXEi Vrl)[st!;I 1）It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。
Z+h^ ie"g It is the first time that I have visited the city.
`HXP*Bp# It was the third time that the boy had been late.
i{zg{$ U J+IQ vOn_| 2）This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时.
N|pjGgI
This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.
i
Qsv^K!\ 这是我看过的最好的电影。
4Eh 2sI This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。
'
vKB] /e; :|/bEP]p/ 典型例题
c(jF^
0~ (1) ---Do you know our town at all?
*oLAO/)n ---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
$ c4Q6w A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
MJ^NRT0?b 答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。
ZC+F*
:$ WbZ {)
i (2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
z^=.05jB ---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
ud xLHs A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
hYRG Ipu5 答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完成时。
g;)xf?A9q 注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
IxC/X5Mp^q （错）I have received his letter for a month.
* yp}#\rk （对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
R~u0! }m NP[L 独立主格结构的特点：
Pnq[r2#]: 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
l/[0N@r~ 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。
%m[
:}, 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
SrzlR ) 举例：
a x 1 the test finished, we began our holiday.
iyNyj44
H = When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
I=)Hb?q T~ 考试结束了，我们开始放假。
~?&;nTwHe VQE8hQ37 the president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
dA-ik = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
J \U}U'qP 总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
<(x[Qp/5P +T:F :X` w^N xR , Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
TTcMIMyLT 如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。
D*3\4=6x This done, we went home.
zR :Mg
\ 工作完成后，我们才回家。
}8cL +JJU [ O*5\&6 lot
7S XvK the meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
/NFv? ~</k 会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。
"l~wzPY) g2L^cP>2 {U8Sl. He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
zOA{S ~> 他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。
9`4mvK/@ 2\&uO He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
[*zB
vj}G 他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
