过去完成时
[8Y7Q5H ad a. She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
/# Jvt b. 状语从句
.up[wt gN 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
P,m+^, When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
W ynTU? c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"
#'KM$l,P We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
h9m|f|cH XZk%5t|t 3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
6p) &}m9! He said that he had learned some English before.
5
5.2UN By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
Dx / w&v Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
{9Qc\Ij W f "$ 典型例题
+~G:z| k the students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
zP0<4E$ M` A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
qh6b;ae\x 答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此
3 $%#n* 前一句应用过去进行时。
ZMMx)}hS v `/nX-
> 注意： had no … when 还没等…… 就……
f eB ?
had no sooner… than 刚…… 就……
8wd["hga<% He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
N)H+N g[ 用于现在完成时的句型
Q?j '4 R?lTB3"
rN#9p+t$ 1）It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。
LE
nv/t6U It is the first time that I have visited the city.
y=\&z&3$ It was the third time that the boy had been late.
r%=a :GdAg e^\(bp+83
2）This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时.
#
{k
$Fk This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.
t OnOzD 这是我看过的最好的电影。
"dndhoMq This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。
Iw? ^
l8+1{
6xP 典型例题
2<0".5+I (1) ---Do you know our town at all?
9
f bo ---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
!}P^O (oY A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
:+9. v 答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。
9b-4BON{P U%1M?vT/ (2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
Z[z" v ---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
_z]v;Q A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
ixM#|Yq 答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完成时。
/P[
u vO 注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
G^ <m0ew| （错）I have received his letter for a month.
(mi=I3A( （对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
B "4A1! < uoVGV5N 独立主格结构的特点：
UDk H'x$= 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
OS
L~a_ 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。
0V"(}!=2a 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
60|m3|
0o 举例：
a&mL Dh/ the test finished, we began our holiday.
t]3:vp5N] = When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
0lqh;/ 考试结束了，我们开始放假。
F DGzh/ Bz,Xg-k+ the president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
=y?Aeqq\fl = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
-DZ5nx 总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
8&x&Ou$("V HsG3s? * |a0@4
: Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
iy8Ln,4z( 如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。
{c
$8?6 This done, we went home.
A}uW y^w 工作完成后，我们才回家。
{>ghX_m | aNICSxDN )ZZ6 (O the meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
D#> d+X$ 会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。
/GNm>NSK \$,;@H5I^ RbA.&=3 He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
sw(|EZ7F 他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。
_4lKd`
</D v? He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
5cr\ J R 他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
