过去完成时
x"Hi!h )v a. She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
>HUU`= SC b. 状语从句
]Xur/ C2A 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
1A4!zqT; When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
/.<T^p@\& c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"
@LS*WJ< w- We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
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%m L< 9=j"kXFf 3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
gL(ny/Ob9 He said that he had learned some English before.
t%e}'?#^ By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
jmbwV,@Q2 Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
c|lo%[]R! h&+dIk\[3 典型例题
|hjm^{!TpW the students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
l@a>"\><i* A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
,BCtNt( 答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此
A@BYd'}] 前一句应用过去进行时。
k zqW&`xn? 1D 03Nbh|5 注意： had no … when 还没等…… 就……
2r2qZ#I} had no sooner… than 刚…… 就……
?GPTJ#=j=] He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
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l|n]#) 用于现在完成时的句型
MzRws f ^u IP
n 0_q-8r 1）It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。
TT3GFP It is the first time that I have visited the city.
6]yYiz2Xn It was the third time that the boy had been late.
Bb2;zOGdA = *7K_M& 2）This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时.
B#Cb`b" This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.
S"ZH5O( 这是我看过的最好的电影。
C?jk#T This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。
&<}vs`W BbEWa 典型例题
6? I,sZW (1) ---Do you know our town at all?
W($}G_j[B1 ---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
:ulOG{z A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
DPCB=2E 答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。
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WKi)1 @X@?jj& (2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
LT
7C>b ---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
h"Qp e'D} A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
'4-J0S<<_ 答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完成时。
dU`kJ,=Z 注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
)Il)
H （错）I have received his letter for a month.
4D+S\S0bk （对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
z,pKy Inw 4&b*|"Iw 独立主格结构的特点：
!C13E lf 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
|q0F*\z3
2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。
$*N^ bj 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
8t)5b.PS 举例：
|^l17veA@ the test finished, we began our holiday.
`sW+R= = When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
JZ=ahSi
考试结束了，我们开始放假。
"[A]tklP '" MT$MrT the president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
`Vph=`0 = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
?2d! ^!9 总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
73C7g<
Mx 'Cr2 &
dy tW$Di*h Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
1u `{yl*+? 如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。
<!qN<#$y This done, we went home.
4Ny lc.2mi 工作完成后，我们才回家。
W2 0qn>{z oGIh:n7 q+ )By #({O the meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
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Md#.& 会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。
% "yy 8~| 77zfRSb+ s?Wkh `b He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
O YY
k[r 他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。
xZ\`f-zL vV$6fvS He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
"a T "o 他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
