考博英语翻译技巧-形容词翻译 =!b<@
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英语形容词翻译 \)=X=yn2
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英语和汉语语言结构和表达习惯有很多差异之处,翻译时往往不能死扣原文逐词逐句译出。本文拟谈谈形容词的翻译问题。 9~^%v zM
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一、一些原义并无否定意思的形容词和别的词搭配有时可译成否定句 }2^_Gaj
来源:考试大 .~+I"V{yF
1. These goods are in short supply. AS34yM(h
这些货物供应不足。 I-E}D"F;p[
来源:考试大 aN7VGc
2. This equation is far from being complicated. 30(O]@f~
这个方程一定也不复杂。 xr uQ=Q
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二、为了使译文自然流畅,读起来顺口,在一些形容词前可根据上下文内容加上副词“很”、“最”等字 E>tlY&0[$
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1. It was as pleasant a day as I have ever spent. OTA @4~{C
这是我度过最愉快的一天。 4#$~gTc@
来源:考试大 +1j@n.)ft
2. It is easy to compress a gas. Iz/o|o]#
气体很容易压缩。 / c1=`OJ
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三、有时可将英语的“形容词+名词短语”译成汉语的主谓结构 U[/k=}76
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1. She spoke in a high voice. {{c/:FTEU
她讲话声音很尖。 Xqt3p6
来源:考试大 <StyO[
2. This engine develops a high torque.
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这台发动机产生的转矩很大。 nPp\IE}:
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四、如果一个名词前有几个形容词修饰,英译时应根据汉语习惯决定其顺序 9Xb,Swo~
来源:考试大 UPs*{m
1. a large brick conference hall 29DYL
一个用砖砌的大会议厅 -POV#1s
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2. a plastic garden chair 6-U+<[,x
一把在花园里用的塑料椅子 8W$uw~|dw
来源:考试大 4,CQJ
五、英语中一些表示知觉、情感、欲望等心理状态的形容词同连系动词构成复合谓语时,翻译时可将形容词译成动词 3.M<ATe^
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1. You are ignorant of the duties you undertake in marrying. 6/`$Y!.ub
你完全不懂你在婚姻方面承担的责任。 >U\,(VB
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2. Such criticisms have become familiar in his later commentaries on America. Xx_v>Jn!
类似的批评在他后来写的评论美国的文章中屡见不鲜。 0|<ER3xkx
来源:考试大 }%_h|N
3. He is truly sorry for his past, and he has undertaken to give up motorcars entirely and for ever. ?N2/;u>
他诚恳地忏悔过去,并保证永远不再玩汽车。 M{gtu'.
来源:考试大 XQAdb"`
六、由于语言习惯不同,英语里的形容词有时译成汉语副词 *RugVH4
来源:考试大 4.)hC b
1. I am going to be good and sweet and kind to every body. c , a+u
我要对每一个人都亲切、温顺、和善。 Rg3 Lo ?
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2. He asked me for a full account of myself and family. <}S1
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他详尽地问起我自己和我家里的情况。 N1rBpt
来源:考试大 E)liuu!qI
3. Another war will be the absolute end of our country. 40cgsRa|
再来一次战争将彻底毁灭我们这个国家。 x
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从以上几个方面可以看出,译好形容词是使译文通顺、流畅的一个环节。 "YbvI@pD
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考博英语翻译技巧-英语倍数翻译 5 _X|U*+5
英语表示倍数增减或倍数对比的句型多种多样,其中有 一些(如下文中的句型②、⑤、⑥、⑧、(12) 等, 见圈码)很容易译错——其主要原因在于:英汉两语在 表述或对比倍数方面存在着语言与思维差异。现将常 用的英语倍数句型及其正确译法归纳如下: $Lpt2:.((
来源:考试大 &6%%_Lw$
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(一) A is n times as great(long,much,…)as B.(①) ~ _C[~-
A is n times greater (longer, more,…)than B.(②) O>e2MT|#k
A is n times the size (length, amount,…)of B.(③) *:r@-=M3=
以上三句都应译为;A的大小(长度,数量,……)是B的n倍[或A比B大(长,多,……)n-1倍].
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Eg. This book is three times as long as (three times longer than,three times the length of )that one. ;ru=z@
这本书的篇幅是那本书的3倍(即长两倍)。 y.6D Z
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注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than(as,of)B常被省去。 S;#S3?G
来源:考试大 +92/0
(二)increase to n times(④) 4DY\QvW5
increase n times/n-fold(⑤) ,!U._ic'B
increase by n times(⑥) YCvIB'
increase by a factor of n(⑦) "~~Js~
以上四式均应译为:增加到n倍(或:增加n-1倍)。 5Ug.J{d
来源:考试大 ;=goIsk{Q
Eg. The production of integrated circuits has been increased to three times as compared with last year. hwkm'$}
The output of chemical fertilizer has been raised five times as against l986. tU2 8l.
化肥产量比1986年增加了4倍。来源:考试大 SV%;w>
That can increase metabolic rates by two or three times. LE^kN<qMK
那可使代谢率提高到原来的2倍或3倍(即提高1倍或2倍)。 eSvS<\p
The drain voltage has been increased by a factor of four. e1$T%?(&[
漏电压增加了3借(即增加到原来的4倍)。 5yPw[
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注:在这类句型中increase常被raise,grow,go/step up,multiply等词所替代。 $10"lM[
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(三)There is a n-fold increase/growth…(⑧) O_%X>Q9
应译为:增加n-倍(或增至n倍)。这个句型还有其它一些形式: ^IgxzGD
Eg. A record high increase in value of four times was reported. w
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据报道,价值破记录地增长了3倍。 来源:考试大 ~DYUI#x
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(四)double (增加1倍),treble(增加2倍),quadruple(增加3倍)。(⑨) V$U#'G>m
Eg. The efficiency of the machines has been more than trebled or quadrupled. A")F7F31c
这些机器的效率已提高了2倍或3倍多。 $['_m~
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(五)此外,英语中还有一种用again而不用倍数词来比较倍数的方法,如: [n%=2*1p
A is as much (large,long,…)again as B.(= A is twice as much (large,long,…)as B.(⑩) qffVF|7
应译为:A比B多(大,长,……)1倍。 z%ZAN-
A is half as much (large, 1ong,…)again as B.来源:考试大 NDsF<2A4
【= A is one and a half times as much (large, 1ong,…)as B.】(11) }>`rf{T
应译为:A比B多(大,长……)一半(即A是B的一倍半)。 WdQR^'b$
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(一)A is n times as small (light,slow,…)as B.(12) )4h4ql W
A is n times smaller (lighter, slower,…) than B.(13) 0\W6X;?
以上两句均应译为:A的大小(重量,速度,……)是B的1/n[或A比B小(轻,慢,……)(n-1)/n]。 Sv&_LZ-"P
Eg. The hydrogen atom is near1y l6 times as light as the oxygen atom. 6"@`iY
氢原子的重量约为氧原子的1/16(即比氧原子约轻15/16)。 MaMP7O|W
Eg. This sort of membrane is twice thinner than ordinary paper. B=vBJC)
这种薄膜比普通纸张要薄一半(即是普通纸厚度的1/2)。 UNK}!>HD
注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than/as B常被省去。 来源:考试大 IR_&dWHyc
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(二)decrease n times/n--fold (14) mKTE%lsH
decrease by n times(15) m
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decrease by a factor of n(16)来源:考试大 a]=k-Xh
以上三式均译为:减少到1/n[或:减少(n-1)/n]。 &YiUhK
decrease常被reduce, shorten, go/slow down等词替代。 Q)mYy
Eg. Switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened 3 times. WdtZ{H
新型晶体管的开关时间缩短了1/3(即缩短到2/3)。来源:考试大 qcVmt1"
Eg. When the voltage is stepped up by ten times, the strength of the current is stepped down by ten times. 9(-f)$u
电压升高9倍,电流强度便降低9/10(即90%)。 -l(G"]tRB
Eg. The equipment reduced the error probability by a factor of 5. l%
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该设备误差概率降低了4/5。来源:考试大 bd'io O
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(三)There is a n-fold decrease/reduction… \+iZdZD
应译为:减至1/n [或:减少(n一1)/n]。(17) |BA&ixHe~C
这个句型还有其它一些形式, O su 75@3
Eg. A rapid decrease by a factor of 7 was observed. K=K]R01/o
发现迅速减少到1/7。 >;s!X(6b
Eg. The principal advantage of the products is a two-fold reduction in weight. 6<t<hP_3O
这些产品的主要优点是重量减轻了1/2。来源:考试大 Q8h0:Q
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从上列倍数增减句型及其译法中不难看出:与汉语不 同的是,英语在表述或比较倍数时,无论使用什么句 型(除了不含倍数词的again句型外)都包括基础倍 数在内,因此都不是净增或净减n倍,而是净增或 净减n-1倍。所以句型⑤、③表示的倍数增量=句型④; 句型(13)表示的倍数比差=句型12,且decrease(by) 3 times应译为“减少2/3”,而不是“减少3/4”。