考博英语翻译技巧-形容词翻译 t'qYM5
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英语形容词翻译 j|eA*UE
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英语和汉语语言结构和表达习惯有很多差异之处,翻译时往往不能死扣原文逐词逐句译出。本文拟谈谈形容词的翻译问题。 !gsvF\XDM
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一、一些原义并无否定意思的形容词和别的词搭配有时可译成否定句 ?e7]U*jEU
来源:考试大 +{J8,^z#
1. These goods are in short supply. * QgKo$IF
这些货物供应不足。 ahBqYAK9
来源:考试大 w0pMH p'Y
2. This equation is far from being complicated. ._mep\#.:
这个方程一定也不复杂。 :{lwz#9V
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二、为了使译文自然流畅,读起来顺口,在一些形容词前可根据上下文内容加上副词“很”、“最”等字 [Kgb#L'{
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1. It was as pleasant a day as I have ever spent. -yYdj1y;
这是我度过最愉快的一天。
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来源:考试大
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2. It is easy to compress a gas. <n"BPXF~
气体很容易压缩。 J=4>zQLW
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三、有时可将英语的“形容词+名词短语”译成汉语的主谓结构 1<@SMcj>
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1. She spoke in a high voice. ']]d-~:
她讲话声音很尖。
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来源:考试大 [}RoZB&I
2. This engine develops a high torque. <g4}7l
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这台发动机产生的转矩很大。 H=t"qEp
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四、如果一个名词前有几个形容词修饰,英译时应根据汉语习惯决定其顺序 ]BQYVx/
来源:考试大 d|`Ll
1. a large brick conference hall *6uccx7{
一个用砖砌的大会议厅 ITu19WG
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2. a plastic garden chair s?SspuV
一把在花园里用的塑料椅子 oFY!NMq}:
来源:考试大 J
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五、英语中一些表示知觉、情感、欲望等心理状态的形容词同连系动词构成复合谓语时,翻译时可将形容词译成动词 R[WiW RfD
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1. You are ignorant of the duties you undertake in marrying. BFLef3~.0
你完全不懂你在婚姻方面承担的责任。 8fR(y~_gF
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2. Such criticisms have become familiar in his later commentaries on America.
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类似的批评在他后来写的评论美国的文章中屡见不鲜。 c:[k+_Zr
来源:考试大 Z$oy;j99y
3. He is truly sorry for his past, and he has undertaken to give up motorcars entirely and for ever. R1jl <=
他诚恳地忏悔过去,并保证永远不再玩汽车。 >1y6DC
来源:考试大 ?Ua,ba*
六、由于语言习惯不同,英语里的形容词有时译成汉语副词 <@<rU:o=V
来源:考试大 _z5/&tm_H
1. I am going to be good and sweet and kind to every body. `-NK:;^
我要对每一个人都亲切、温顺、和善。 &&ioGy}1
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2. He asked me for a full account of myself and family. ZWs
他详尽地问起我自己和我家里的情况。 7y=>Wa ?T[
来源:考试大 M .#}
3. Another war will be the absolute end of our country. k.T=&0J_1
再来一次战争将彻底毁灭我们这个国家。 Z%T Ajm
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从以上几个方面可以看出,译好形容词是使译文通顺、流畅的一个环节。 Vn
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考博英语翻译技巧-英语倍数翻译 PK
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英语表示倍数增减或倍数对比的句型多种多样,其中有 一些(如下文中的句型②、⑤、⑥、⑧、(12) 等, 见圈码)很容易译错——其主要原因在于:英汉两语在 表述或对比倍数方面存在着语言与思维差异。现将常 用的英语倍数句型及其正确译法归纳如下: |Q?h"5i"(
来源:考试大 MqmQ52HR
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(一) A is n times as great(long,much,…)as B.(①) U,<m%C"
A is n times greater (longer, more,…)than B.(②) Ovfl
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A is n times the size (length, amount,…)of B.(③) \ovs[&
以上三句都应译为;A的大小(长度,数量,……)是B的n倍[或A比B大(长,多,……)n-1倍]. a[{$4JpK
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Eg. This book is three times as long as (three times longer than,three times the length of )that one. )|gw5N4;
这本书的篇幅是那本书的3倍(即长两倍)。 {UNH?2
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注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than(as,of)B常被省去。 ]ua3I}_B6v
来源:考试大 {DO 9%ej)
(二)increase to n times(④) 0Tj,TF
increase n times/n-fold(⑤) .#EU@Hc
increase by n times(⑥) 4,RPidv%O
increase by a factor of n(⑦) xd Z$|{,
以上四式均应译为:增加到n倍(或:增加n-1倍)。 mxNd
来源:考试大 LI,wSTVjC
Eg. The production of integrated circuits has been increased to three times as compared with last year. 1M ?BSH{
The output of chemical fertilizer has been raised five times as against l986. mc{z
化肥产量比1986年增加了4倍。来源:考试大 $5nMD=
That can increase metabolic rates by two or three times. dX(JV' 18A
那可使代谢率提高到原来的2倍或3倍(即提高1倍或2倍)。 {3Inj8a=?A
The drain voltage has been increased by a factor of four. ZmK=8iN9J
漏电压增加了3借(即增加到原来的4倍)。 )~2\4t4|g
注:在这类句型中increase常被raise,grow,go/step up,multiply等词所替代。 >oh Cz@~
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(三)There is a n-fold increase/growth…(⑧) g`fG84
应译为:增加n-倍(或增至n倍)。这个句型还有其它一些形式: dx%z9[8~{.
Eg. A record high increase in value of four times was reported. \gA!)q.;
据报道,价值破记录地增长了3倍。 来源:考试大 :saP
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(四)double (增加1倍),treble(增加2倍),quadruple(增加3倍)。(⑨) <2
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Eg. The efficiency of the machines has been more than trebled or quadrupled. VL%. maj
这些机器的效率已提高了2倍或3倍多。 7# AIX],
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(五)此外,英语中还有一种用again而不用倍数词来比较倍数的方法,如: <J509j
A is as much (large,long,…)again as B.(= A is twice as much (large,long,…)as B.(⑩) {FIzoR"
应译为:A比B多(大,长,……)1倍。 sXVl4!=l6
A is half as much (large, 1ong,…)again as B.来源:考试大 x*OdMr\n8?
【= A is one and a half times as much (large, 1ong,…)as B.】(11)
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应译为:A比B多(大,长……)一半(即A是B的一倍半)。 e5_Hmuk|
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(一)A is n times as small (light,slow,…)as B.(12) 9f~qD&~
A is n times smaller (lighter, slower,…) than B.(13) EP:`l
以上两句均应译为:A的大小(重量,速度,……)是B的1/n[或A比B小(轻,慢,……)(n-1)/n]。 0ix(1`Z
Eg. The hydrogen atom is near1y l6 times as light as the oxygen atom. 0/HFLz'
氢原子的重量约为氧原子的1/16(即比氧原子约轻15/16)。 ]V"P
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Eg. This sort of membrane is twice thinner than ordinary paper. &'6/H/J
这种薄膜比普通纸张要薄一半(即是普通纸厚度的1/2)。 ^0]0ss;##R
注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than/as B常被省去。 来源:考试大 )KZMRAT-
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(二)decrease n times/n--fold (14) k>&cHCS`*
decrease by n times(15) \,S|>CPQ
decrease by a factor of n(16)来源:考试大 8LV6E5Q
以上三式均译为:减少到1/n[或:减少(n-1)/n]。 $J1`.Q>)4
decrease常被reduce, shorten, go/slow down等词替代。 461g7R%r
Eg. Switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened 3 times. Y0(4]X \ey
新型晶体管的开关时间缩短了1/3(即缩短到2/3)。来源:考试大 gC}}8( k
Eg. When the voltage is stepped up by ten times, the strength of the current is stepped down by ten times. UJO3Yn
电压升高9倍,电流强度便降低9/10(即90%)。 ixA.b#!1
Eg. The equipment reduced the error probability by a factor of 5. oAO{4xP
该设备误差概率降低了4/5。来源:考试大 |d0ZB_ci
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(三)There is a n-fold decrease/reduction… @}y.
应译为:减至1/n [或:减少(n一1)/n]。(17) 5 `1
这个句型还有其它一些形式, q>_<\|?%x
Eg. A rapid decrease by a factor of 7 was observed. *RkUF!)(
发现迅速减少到1/7。 \2@J^O1,
Eg. The principal advantage of the products is a two-fold reduction in weight. q|*^{(tWs
这些产品的主要优点是重量减轻了1/2。来源:考试大 0?54 8yH
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从上列倍数增减句型及其译法中不难看出:与汉语不 同的是,英语在表述或比较倍数时,无论使用什么句 型(除了不含倍数词的again句型外)都包括基础倍 数在内,因此都不是净增或净减n倍,而是净增或 净减n-1倍。所以句型⑤、③表示的倍数增量=句型④; 句型(13)表示的倍数比差=句型12,且decrease(by) 3 times应译为“减少2/3”,而不是“减少3/4”。