考博英语翻译技巧-形容词翻译 |DwI%%0(F
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英语形容词翻译 _Bb/~^
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英语和汉语语言结构和表达习惯有很多差异之处,翻译时往往不能死扣原文逐词逐句译出。本文拟谈谈形容词的翻译问题。
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一、一些原义并无否定意思的形容词和别的词搭配有时可译成否定句 9~
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来源:考试大 eaYQyMv@
1. These goods are in short supply. Nyow:7p
这些货物供应不足。 wu/]M~XwI
来源:考试大 F1w~f
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2. This equation is far from being complicated. q 1Rk'k4+
这个方程一定也不复杂。 'fy1'^VPAV
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二、为了使译文自然流畅,读起来顺口,在一些形容词前可根据上下文内容加上副词“很”、“最”等字 %_KNAuM
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1. It was as pleasant a day as I have ever spent. Ex&
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这是我度过最愉快的一天。
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来源:考试大 ^z"90-V^
2. It is easy to compress a gas. ]+
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气体很容易压缩。 <,`=m|z9k
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三、有时可将英语的“形容词+名词短语”译成汉语的主谓结构 n/=&?#m}d
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1. She spoke in a high voice. m!$"-nh9
她讲话声音很尖。 c03A_2%
来源:考试大 .%M=dL>
2. This engine develops a high torque. *h-_
这台发动机产生的转矩很大。 8N'`kd~6[
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四、如果一个名词前有几个形容词修饰,英译时应根据汉语习惯决定其顺序 ;B:'8$j$
来源:考试大 6HCP1`gg
1. a large brick conference hall xD8x1-
一个用砖砌的大会议厅 \XCs(
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2. a plastic garden chair :\4?{,@_h
一把在花园里用的塑料椅子 ujXC#r&
来源:考试大 z%}^9
五、英语中一些表示知觉、情感、欲望等心理状态的形容词同连系动词构成复合谓语时,翻译时可将形容词译成动词 TlYeYN5V
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1. You are ignorant of the duties you undertake in marrying. vh"zYl`
你完全不懂你在婚姻方面承担的责任。 JrQd7
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2. Such criticisms have become familiar in his later commentaries on America. W=M]1hy
类似的批评在他后来写的评论美国的文章中屡见不鲜。 )|x
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来源:考试大 |>gya&
3. He is truly sorry for his past, and he has undertaken to give up motorcars entirely and for ever. #V
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他诚恳地忏悔过去,并保证永远不再玩汽车。 w-Y-;*S
来源:考试大 ?i>.<IPOq
六、由于语言习惯不同,英语里的形容词有时译成汉语副词 b%2+g<UKh
来源:考试大 1 xm8w$%
1. I am going to be good and sweet and kind to every body. 'gxSHqeI2
我要对每一个人都亲切、温顺、和善。 frWw-<HoI
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2. He asked me for a full account of myself and family. p
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他详尽地问起我自己和我家里的情况。 X2 c<.
来源:考试大 ZZL.&Ho
3. Another war will be the absolute end of our country. ^w5`YI4<
再来一次战争将彻底毁灭我们这个国家。 @MWrUx
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从以上几个方面可以看出,译好形容词是使译文通顺、流畅的一个环节。 ypM0}pdvTp
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考博英语翻译技巧-英语倍数翻译 Cb~_{$ A
英语表示倍数增减或倍数对比的句型多种多样,其中有 一些(如下文中的句型②、⑤、⑥、⑧、(12) 等, 见圈码)很容易译错——其主要原因在于:英汉两语在 表述或对比倍数方面存在着语言与思维差异。现将常 用的英语倍数句型及其正确译法归纳如下: vn}:$|r$J
来源:考试大 7E*d>:
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倍数增加 81u}J9z;
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(一) A is n times as great(long,much,…)as B.(①) DF|(CQs9
A is n times greater (longer, more,…)than B.(②) k\8]fh)J\7
A is n times the size (length, amount,…)of B.(③) {x{e?c!
以上三句都应译为;A的大小(长度,数量,……)是B的n倍[或A比B大(长,多,……)n-1倍]. U6;,<-bL
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Eg. This book is three times as long as (three times longer than,three times the length of )that one. 59A@~;.F
这本书的篇幅是那本书的3倍(即长两倍)。
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注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than(as,of)B常被省去。 MA0}BJoW
来源:考试大 =:OS"qD3l
(二)increase to n times(④) `1aEV#;
increase n times/n-fold(⑤) ^}vL ZA
increase by n times(⑥) kXK D>."E*
increase by a factor of n(⑦) <\l@`x96"D
以上四式均应译为:增加到n倍(或:增加n-1倍)。 w7aC=B/{?i
来源:考试大 <
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Eg. The production of integrated circuits has been increased to three times as compared with last year. .21[3.bp/q
The output of chemical fertilizer has been raised five times as against l986. ;LSdY}*%0
化肥产量比1986年增加了4倍。来源:考试大 {+r0Nikx_
That can increase metabolic rates by two or three times. I*8i=O@0T
那可使代谢率提高到原来的2倍或3倍(即提高1倍或2倍)。 Sxo9y0K8-
The drain voltage has been increased by a factor of four. r/E'#5 Q
漏电压增加了3借(即增加到原来的4倍)。 d(!W
注:在这类句型中increase常被raise,grow,go/step up,multiply等词所替代。 B=?4; l7
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(三)There is a n-fold increase/growth…(⑧) CJ0{>?
应译为:增加n-倍(或增至n倍)。这个句型还有其它一些形式: y!JZWq%=
Eg. A record high increase in value of four times was reported. >~C*m `#
据报道,价值破记录地增长了3倍。 来源:考试大 \0.
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(四)double (增加1倍),treble(增加2倍),quadruple(增加3倍)。(⑨) 7&-i
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Eg. The efficiency of the machines has been more than trebled or quadrupled. B+W 4r9#
这些机器的效率已提高了2倍或3倍多。 X@`kuWIUw
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(五)此外,英语中还有一种用again而不用倍数词来比较倍数的方法,如: 1Q-O&\-xg
A is as much (large,long,…)again as B.(= A is twice as much (large,long,…)as B.(⑩) W6cA@DN$#
应译为:A比B多(大,长,……)1倍。 8&T6
A is half as much (large, 1ong,…)again as B.来源:考试大 ]!l]^/.
【= A is one and a half times as much (large, 1ong,…)as B.】(11) 0V:7pSC{P
应译为:A比B多(大,长……)一半(即A是B的一倍半)。 6R_G{AWLL
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(一)A is n times as small (light,slow,…)as B.(12) ibe#Y
A is n times smaller (lighter, slower,…) than B.(13) -1^dOG6*
以上两句均应译为:A的大小(重量,速度,……)是B的1/n[或A比B小(轻,慢,……)(n-1)/n]。 B5FRe'UC
Eg. The hydrogen atom is near1y l6 times as light as the oxygen atom. jN.'%5Q?H
氢原子的重量约为氧原子的1/16(即比氧原子约轻15/16)。 Q#+y}pOLP
Eg. This sort of membrane is twice thinner than ordinary paper. {{'GR"D
这种薄膜比普通纸张要薄一半(即是普通纸厚度的1/2)。 Hrz#S o\#
注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than/as B常被省去。 来源:考试大 jV:Krk6T<
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(二)decrease n times/n--fold (14) c& &^Do
decrease by n times(15) j A/xe
decrease by a factor of n(16)来源:考试大 _wvSLu <q
以上三式均译为:减少到1/n[或:减少(n-1)/n]。 j^ y9+W_b
decrease常被reduce, shorten, go/slow down等词替代。 jS_fwuM
Eg. Switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened 3 times. kH&KE5
新型晶体管的开关时间缩短了1/3(即缩短到2/3)。来源:考试大 7t8[M(
Eg. When the voltage is stepped up by ten times, the strength of the current is stepped down by ten times. I.V?O}
电压升高9倍,电流强度便降低9/10(即90%)。 2@&|/O6_\h
Eg. The equipment reduced the error probability by a factor of 5. a?63 5*9K
该设备误差概率降低了4/5。来源:考试大 >j&+mii
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(三)There is a n-fold decrease/reduction… 12W`7
应译为:减至1/n [或:减少(n一1)/n]。(17) k)'y;{IN
这个句型还有其它一些形式, 960[.99
Eg. A rapid decrease by a factor of 7 was observed. |Z), OW
发现迅速减少到1/7。 r8]y1
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Eg. The principal advantage of the products is a two-fold reduction in weight. `,-w+3?Al
这些产品的主要优点是重量减轻了1/2。来源:考试大 O/Q7{
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从上列倍数增减句型及其译法中不难看出:与汉语不 同的是,英语在表述或比较倍数时,无论使用什么句 型(除了不含倍数词的again句型外)都包括基础倍 数在内,因此都不是净增或净减n倍,而是净增或 净减n-1倍。所以句型⑤、③表示的倍数增量=句型④; 句型(13)表示的倍数比差=句型12,且decrease(by) 3 times应译为“减少2/3”,而不是“减少3/4”。