过去分词与形容词的语义差： ^
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1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things BenyA:W"
the destructive power of modern weapons 2CneRKQy
Damaged: being in a bad state 1?1Bz?EKF*
emotionally damaged children h:r?:C>n
2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements x\f~Gtt7Y
He’s one of the most respected managers in the game. c;fLM`{*
Respectful: feeling or showing respect 6Io}3}3
They listened in respectful silence. f.+1Ubq!5
3. Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides. TjYHoL5
Preferable: A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby. D&
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Preferential: Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment. p'1/J:EnV
4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights. $Th)z}A}EA
Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative. 6w, "i#E!
5.Loving: She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother. [H>u'fy:C
Lovable: a sweet lovable child dIlpo0; F
Lovely: We had a lovely holiday. |D"L!+J-$
6. Tolerated: While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone. #~"IlBk\
Tolerant: trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds L\:m)g,F.
Tolerable: All in all, it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford. J&, hC%]
虚拟语气 P=jsOuW
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 _lwKa, }
1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 $5)#L$!,]
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 1ruI+ +P
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) ] h(Iun
It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) !V3+(o 1
(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 76 )"uqv1x
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 $sda'L5^p
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验) T :X*
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) aH
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（3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 eTvjo(Lvx
It took me only five minutes to finish the job. D5@=#/?*
2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 m[v0mXE
(1)不定式作表语 S*h^7?Bu
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 iIX%%r+
To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 9d#?
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What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。 }
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2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。 S u6kpC!EW
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 Yu _*P-Ja6
To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。 ="& GU%$
3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 RxYENG]/6
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 p ;}`PW
The function of Louis Sullivan’s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. uD=Kar
The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant． -J+1V{
(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 t"GnmeH
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Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。 !\R5/-_ UU
His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮。 lOVcXAe}
(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。 uE')<fVX(
People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake. ;O`f+rG~
His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected． G|Et'k.F4
(3)分词作表语 kiM:( =5
分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有： ,M3hE/rb/
interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的 Ct)58f2
exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的 (2H
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delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的 _S
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disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 #G]IEO$M6
encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 N E9,kWI
pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的 0QZT<Zs
puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的 8 8_ef7w
satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的 %oa@2qJ^
surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的 )v;O2z
worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的 *xNc^ &.
Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。 3XQa%|N(
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。 Vt}QP Nt
The argument is very convincing．他的论点很令人信服。 zz
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They were very excited at the news．听到这个消息，他们非常激动。 n%F _ 3`
3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 D^ @@ P
英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求： \"ahs7ABT
(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 H Z'rM5Kq
1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 Y
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attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 V _~lME
afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 s*Qyd{" z
arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲，打算 hb; Cp
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begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略，漏 &233QRYM
appear似乎，显得 determine决定 manage设法 f1aZnl
cease停止 hate憎恨，厌恶 pretend假装 ;iiCay37F
ask问 dread害怕 need需要 u1X^#K$nu'
agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 rn)Gx2 5
swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 ^o5;><S]
bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 oH=?1~ e
beg请求 fail不能 plan计划
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bother扰乱；烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢，宁愿 `$> Y
care关心，喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 ra'/~^9
decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉，遗憾 mce qZv
choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 a9e0lW:=c
claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺，允许 a^l)vh{+
start开始 undertake承接 want想要 v Z] j%c@
consent同意，赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝 9
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decide决定 learn学习 vow起 /lECgu*#69
contrive设法，图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 3;L$&X 2
