过去分词与形容词的语义差： U9KnW]O%"
1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things zA![c l>$
the destructive power of modern weapons oh5 fNx
Damaged: being in a bad state Cp_YIcnEJ
emotionally damaged children >4.{|0%ut
2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements Xa2QtJq
He’s one of the most respected managers in the game. 5 s>$
Respectful: feeling or showing respect m.MOn3 n]
They listened in respectful silence. I hvL2 zB
3. Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides. J}coWjw`q
Preferable: A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby. _AQ :<0/#
Preferential: Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment. FxC@KZG
4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights. MS6^= ["
Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative. J*8fGR%
5.Loving: She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother. ztG_::QtG]
Lovable: a sweet lovable child bgd1j,PWbW
Lovely: We had a lovely holiday. <3QE3;4
6. Tolerated: While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone. ;b$
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Tolerant: trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds 74%,v|
Tolerable: All in all, it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford. cT8jG ,+"}
虚拟语气 N `/6
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非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 zQ}:_
1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 { vA q08
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 j]6j!.1
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) `,&h!h((
It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) `ejE)VL=8h
(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 (?&X<=|"
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 `7Ni bZX0
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验) . #;Z M[v
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) g^1M]1.f
（3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 *; O$=PE
It took me only five minutes to finish the job.
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2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 G7`7e@{
(1)不定式作表语 q?&vV`PG5
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 y&A*/J4P
To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 Rw*l#cr=.
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。 H__9%p#
2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。 y-{^L`%Mk
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 +is;$ 1rq
To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。 yuk64o2QE
3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 .wx; !9
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 v?)JM+
The function of Louis Sullivan’s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. _;{n+i[
The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant． YQiTx)_
(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 7Rk eV
Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。 S?*v p=
His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮。 uE-~7Q(@
(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。 LqPn$rZ|$
People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake. <n>Kc} c
His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected． ]6p?mBuQ
(3)分词作表语 }f<.07
分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有： S-npJh
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interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的 8k]'P*9ulz
exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的 r~z-l,
delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的 EMmNlj6
disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 9PVM06
encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 s$: F^sxb
pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的 hJ>{`T w
puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的 qXkc~{W_
satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的 M&~3fRb 4
surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的 g9H~\w
worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的 " ?EA G
Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。 /<9VKMR_k
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。 ~#&bDot
The argument is very convincing．他的论点很令人信服。 Y{B|*[xM
They were very excited at the news．听到这个消息，他们非常激动。 >
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3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 gd R wh
英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求： wLPL 9
(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 cj`g)cX|
1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 { ,/mQ3
attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 D:e9609
afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 Xa.Qt.C
arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲，打算 # nwEF QA
begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略，漏 $U<so{xn%
appear似乎，显得 determine决定 manage设法 6n]fr9f
cease停止 hate憎恨，厌恶 pretend假装 mEm
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ask问 dread害怕 need需要 &/d;4Eu
agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 "G EJ9_a[
swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 m:59f9WXA
bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 -tAdA2?G
beg请求 fail不能 plan计划 k]!Fh^O~,
bother扰乱；烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢，宁愿 o"- >R
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care关心，喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 !5wm9I!5^
decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉，遗憾 `$\g8Mo
choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 \?{nP6=
claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺，允许 NDEltG(
start开始 undertake承接 want想要 xAw$bJj~s
consent同意，赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝 @tWyc%t
decide决定 learn学习 vow起 "ys#%,Z
contrive设法，图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 .p NWd
