过去分词与形容词的语义差: 7te!>gUW
1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things l|tp0[
the destructive power of modern weapons ,4T$
Damaged: being in a bad state .q[sk
emotionally damaged children TKBK
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2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements gx9sBkoq5D
He’s one of the most respected managers in the game. .VEfd4+ni{
Respectful: feeling or showing respect j%y+W{
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They listened in respectful silence. 9X&qdA/q
3. Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides. ieLN;)Iy^
Preferable: A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby. ]B'
Preferential: Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment. *>*/|
4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights. iZUz6
Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative. bme#G{[)Y
5.Loving: She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother. 2DqHqq9m
Lovable: a sweet lovable child Ywk[VD+.
Lovely: We had a lovely holiday. VRP.tD
6. Tolerated: While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone. 'xI+kyu
Tolerant: trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds G:ngio]G0
Tolerable: All in all, it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford. A-!qO|E[-
虚拟语气 V+ ~2q=
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义,我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 'w
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1.不定式和动名词作主语的区别 <l/Qf[V
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 I2!HXMrp
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) l8lR5<
It is not very good for you to smoke so much.你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) SLA~F?t
(2)动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 neH"ks5
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 DOU?e9I2
Climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。(经验) (Sp~+#XnF
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) !7*/lG
(3)不定式做主语,一般用it当形式主语,把作主语的不定式短语后置。 Px&Mi:4tG
It took me only five minutes to finish the job. n:)Y'52}
2.不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 _JO @O^Ndd
(1)不定式作表语 X^^ D[U
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作。 8gm[Q[
To do two things at a time is to do neither.--次做两件事等于未做。 Gw,kC{:C
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。 n}kz&,
2)如果主语是不定式(表示条件),表语也是不定式(表示结果)。 ]>T/Gl1
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 V7i`vo3Cc
To work means to earn a living.工作就是为了生活。 xF+x I6
3)如果主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,happiness,job,plan,problem,purpose,thing,wish等为中心的名词,或以what引导的名词性从句,不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 Hf|:
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His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future.他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 }CqIKoX.
The function of Louis Sullivan’s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. ka[NYW{.
The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant. ?C\9lLX
(2)动名词作表语:动名词作表语,表示抽象的一般性的行为。 "
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Our work is serving the people.我们的工作是为人民服务。 7J/3O[2
His hobby is collecting stamps.他的爱好是集邮。 j'n= Xh
(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同,但其所属结构迥异,进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语,说明主语的性质或情况。 Z] }@#/
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People cannot but feel puzzled,for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake. a a]v7d
His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected. (Cd`~*5
(3)分词作表语 b7mP~]V
分词做表语有两种情况,一种是现在分词做表语,一种是过去分词做表语,这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说,表示心理状态的动词如excite,interest等都是及物动词,汉语意思不是“激动”,“高兴”,而是“使激动”、“使高兴”,因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”,过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以,凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式,凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说,若人对……感兴趣,就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时,就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有: }"tYb6*
interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的 <{uIB;P
exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的 vj0?b/5m
delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的 }qPo%T
disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 5~QB.m,>
encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 dI|/Xm>
pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的 I*"]!z1
puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的 P]GGnT(!
satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的 ^bGi_YC
surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的 [XK"$C]jHJ
worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的 ]W,g>91
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Travelling is interesting but tiring.旅行是有趣的,但是使人疲劳。 @hPbD?)M
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much.如果要学生学得太多,他们会感到糊涂的。 0Jr<>7Q1
The argument is very convincing.他的论点很令人信服。 P2kZi=0
They were very excited at the news.听到这个消息,他们非常激动。 #S)*MT4ke
3.不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 ptcU_*Gd
英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式,也可跟动名词作直接宾语,但有些动词要求:
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(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 -_(!
1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 0a5P@;"a
attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 D~} 4N1
afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 C
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arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲,打算 b;{C1aa>}
begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略,漏 -~g3?!+Hb
appear似乎,显得 determine决定 manage设法 jQhf)B
cease停止 hate憎恨,厌恶 pretend假装 ]F~5l?4u#
ask问 dread害怕 need需要 Zl)|x%z
agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 gE&f}M-
swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 ='FEC-f95
bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 +-"#GL~cC
beg请求 fail不能 plan计划 iX28+weH
bother扰乱;烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢,宁愿 k1<Py$9"
care关心,喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 c8u0\X,
decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉,遗憾 \r2w@F{C
choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 ]8#{rQ(
claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺,允许 R[(,wY_1
start开始 undertake承接 want想要 d dPJx<
consent同意,赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝 O]>Or3oO
decide决定 learn学习 vow起 gDv]n^&