过去分词与形容词的语义差： cvbv\G'aT
1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things ~<pGiW'w5
the destructive power of modern weapons IiACr@[?e
Damaged: being in a bad state >sP-)ZeuU[
emotionally damaged children b0 i]T?#
2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements 67Ai.3dR
He’s one of the most respected managers in the game. ()vxTTa
Respectful: feeling or showing respect S2" p(
They listened in respectful silence. J%3%l5 /
3. Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides. ] w FFGy
Preferable: A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby. 1dOVH7
Preferential: Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment. +E QRNbA
4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights. +GWeu0b(~
Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative. =%|S$J
5.Loving: She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother. R\+p`n $
Lovable: a sweet lovable child e.i5j^5u
Lovely: We had a lovely holiday. TE0hV w0c
6. Tolerated: While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone. i
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Tolerant: trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds o \8yYX
Tolerable: All in all, it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford. X#(?V[F]
虚拟语气 &@A(8(%
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 JcZs\ fl9
1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 H. j(hc'
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 Ud
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Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) VVvV]rU~
It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) G6Z2[Ej1
(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 R1X9
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 !tFs(![
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验) 9>qR6k ?
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) a>Uk<#>2?a
（3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 zO2Z\E'% .
It took me only five minutes to finish the job. bQb> S<PT
2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 (D{
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(1)不定式作表语 3IZ^!J
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 |~W!Y\l-
To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 N|T%cdh:/
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。 J-A CV(z=q
2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。 zhU)bb[A
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 FlRbGg^
To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。 ^ :\|6`{n
3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 I)]wi%
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 ?z171X0
The function of Louis Sullivan’s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. !t{3IE
The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant． sbrU;X_S
(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。
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Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。 t%n1TY,
His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮。 j{IAZs#@>
(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。 \('8 _tqI"
People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake. h2zuPgz,
His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected． 1 +O - g
(3)分词作表语 QSW62 ]=vV
分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有： kz(%8qi8&
interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的 i))S%!/r~
exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的 +iir]"8
delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的 S gHLs
disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 0iinr:=u
encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 G?{BVWtl}
pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的 0
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puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的 :Oo(w%BD]
satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的 *T*=~Y4kE
surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的 81fpe oNO
worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的 G)';ucs:,
Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。 YB
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The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。 )d bi
The argument is very convincing．他的论点很令人信服。
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They were very excited at the news．听到这个消息，他们非常激动。 "D'A7DA
3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 F``$}]9KHD
英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求： (n05MwKu\
(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语
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1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 3XYCtp8
attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 J4#t1P@ Na
afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 +N: K V}K
arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲，打算 //nR=Dy{
begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略，漏 K4YpE}
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appear似乎，显得 determine决定 manage设法 XMd-r8yYr
cease停止 hate憎恨，厌恶 pretend假装 Fd":\7p
ask问 dread害怕 need需要 dFFJw[$8w
agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 im_WTZz2P
swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 OW- [#r
bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 L!Iu\_{q
beg请求 fail不能 plan计划 r t@Jw]az
bother扰乱；烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢，宁愿 A Tp7:Q
care关心，喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 $@"o BCc
decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉，遗憾 >!MOgLO3
choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 k3h,c;
claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺，允许 `[p*qs p_
start开始 undertake承接 want想要 I ugYlt
consent同意，赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝 {L5!_] 6
decide决定 learn学习 vow起 tfW/Mf
contrive设法，图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 Y u \<
