过去分词与形容词的语义差： Vf-5&S&9
1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things S<6k0b(,_3
the destructive power of modern weapons
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Damaged: being in a bad state */ OI *{ Q
emotionally damaged children h3Fo-]0
2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements . p^xS6e{
He’s one of the most respected managers in the game. ~U}Mv { y
Respectful: feeling or showing respect .Gb +\E{M
They listened in respectful silence. *+lsZ8'^C
3. Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides. H3
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Preferable: A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby. #iis/6"
Preferential: Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment. hSqMaX%G
4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights. D\]&8w6&
Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative. ,EhVSrh)_4
5.Loving: She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother. y7zkAXhJ
Lovable: a sweet lovable child 6 ,N6jaW
Lovely: We had a lovely holiday. WOndE=(V
6. Tolerated: While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone. K&pM o .
Tolerant: trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds ?ow'^X-
Tolerable: All in all, it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford. ZTf_#eS$
虚拟语气 n@B{vyy
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 C;#" td
1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 Xt(!
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(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 (5Ky6b9v
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) 3sC: jIp
It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) 5~\Kj#PBx
(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 #)i&DJ^Y
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 &|z544
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验) \JU ~k5j
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) _O 52ai><b
（3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 \|{*arS
It took me only five minutes to finish the job. <kc]L x
2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 u&3 EPu
(1)不定式作表语 ]N\6h(**wy
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 BD1K H;
To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 0}-#b7eR
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。 S _T
2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。 -M`D >
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 /Hk07:"c
To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。 !d |8'^gc
3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 ftW{C1,U7
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 9
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The function of Louis Sullivan’s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. )v-Cj_W5]"
The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant． F(G<* lA
(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 b#}t:yy
Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。 5^o3y.J?P
His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮。 vu>YH)N_h
(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。 v+ 7*R)/
People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake. Ix4 jof6(
His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected． ) 1BiEK`v
(3)分词作表语 /9TL&_A-T
分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有： k{qLkcOg=
interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的 [M<{P5q
exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的 dd19
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delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的 F42TKPN^uu
disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 ?bn;{c;E
encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 /W? z0tk`
pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的 zv|M*Wu
puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的 O '@m4@L
satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的 oFwG+W /
surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的 nxf {PbHk
worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的 PGMv(}%;
Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。
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The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。 c-ttds
The argument is very convincing．他的论点很令人信服。 '?z9,oW{
They were very excited at the news．听到这个消息，他们非常激动。 //6^+ -he
3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 .<0=a |IAz
英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求： - a
(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 Rd .U;>
1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 0I(udd G3
attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 %GNUnr $
afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 p6B .s_G4
arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲，打算 (QA-"9v#i,
begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略，漏 %_]=i@Y~
appear似乎，显得 determine决定 manage设法 0~(\lkh*!9
cease停止 hate憎恨，厌恶 pretend假装 87&KQ_
ask问 dread害怕 need需要 )PsN_ 42~
agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 TEH*@~P"
swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 %"1`
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bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 Fl8w7LcF7
beg请求 fail不能 plan计划 .vC Y%0oE
bother扰乱；烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢，宁愿 L*kh?PS;
care关心，喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 Usa {J:
decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉，遗憾 # Nu%]
choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 SJ1w1^#Pz
claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺，允许 I
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start开始 undertake承接 want想要 "3U {h]
consent同意，赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝 c^i"}2+
decide决定 learn学习 vow起 J=f:\]@O y
contrive设法，图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 ^8o_Iz)r,
