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 考博英语语法归纳
英语语法归纳 C
#TS
一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式 bZtjg
*7-uQKp 2．被动形式 HtS:'~DYo
'&s:,o-p W[ j = !o kH1l -mxz v CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 m{(D*Vuqd v 时间状语从句当中的时态： ^7F!>!9Ca )0fQ(3oOg ?VS {,"X 一般过去时 所有的过去 sB-c'`,w` 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 pk: ruf`) 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 '1=/G7g 一．非谓语动词 ZRD* ^9)
一．不定式： `k^
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P}DrUND 一）不定式的常考形式： ~W%A8`9
W4|1wd}.t 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. s2b!Nib 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. K]N ^6ome 语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生 3vQ?vS |2
H,:Cg:E/^ 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. o=q
N+-N 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. q
qS-0U2 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 Vu^J' >X
f*2V 二）不定式常考的考点： Q(oWaG
[^1;8Tbk 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 ,#gA(B #
u9N?B* &{ 2）不定式做状语----目的 TnPd pynP
Vy-H3BR 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. xfos>|0N
3M+hjc. 三)不定式的省略 rZ w& [ G
'`/1?,= 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel X<,sc;"b`k
fVb&=%e + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； I&Yu=v/_ + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 } Y j ic4? I saw him work in the garden yesterday. Fg5>CppH
)h2wwq0] 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) t+q:8HNh I saw him working in the garden yesterday. -UUP hGC 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） n8iejdA' v 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. lwQI
9U[O2 2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to vxk1RL*Xu
$MB56]W8 I ‘d like to have John do it. iNd 8M V
TP'EdzAT I have my package weighed. A4Q8^^byY
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65=8 Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. FTtYzKX(bv
ZK{VQ ~ 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do m~(]\
-81usu&NH 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： NVcL9"ht*@
[ -{L@ want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do ;ZFn~!V force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do t
/EB
y"N# be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do l`[*b_
Xt Pf F7*}P 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式 $s)G0/~W
Ig G@v9' accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to. * G.6\ 三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。 !FA^~
PHyS^J` He needs (a lot of) encouraging. T ,TKt% kbI:
}b7H
_E{SGbCCi 二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词 qg 4:Vq
I8Y[d$z 1)是名词 seeing is believing vAy`8 Q 2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary. >wNE!Oa*B 一)动名词的形式: P2_ JS]>
DQ?'f@I&
* 一般形式：I don't like you smoking. 2w $o;zz1 完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice. gLaFIeF<+ 被动形式：This question is far from being settled. </5uB'
B ^ 二) 动名词常考的点 P B.@G ,)
^.
& 2-#i 1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数 </>;PnzE
"]f0wLzh 2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词 6#MIt:#
V2W)%c' 3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语. ZxlQyr`~a(
ZZL.&H o I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon． x=pq-&9>B A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对） 3WZ]9v{k I regret not having taken your advice. X-|Lg.s 4)有些词后只能接动名词 K9\`Wu_qL
G S_'&Yj admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand... r K;F]ei 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法：
7%)
F] it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point... GD<xmuo :8cp]v dW 1K.i>]}> 5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可 u )cc
-$WU -7` remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。 bq#*XCt#
jHBzZ!< I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作) H g(%g T
;L (dmx? I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作) 3@P
2]Q~D
[(Ss^?AJW forgot与remember的用法类似。 \6~(#
y I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你… N) D;)ZH
^GMM% I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。 *\ZK(/V try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness. 's#"~<L^e
&!7{2E\7C try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day. M{M>$pt
>Wvb!8N I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。 y!JZWq%= To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。 )r X["= prefer的用法： X 633.]+ 我宁愿在这里等。 G1K72M}CW I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。） ON"F
h'? I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。） ';<g c5EK I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。） W6cA@DN$# 9[# 9c
v
;.Dm?J0 3 分词： dk}T&qZ~p
zW[fHa$m
现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态 w'
uI~t4
现在分词的形式: eAvOT$
1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生) ea n_/E
2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前) _G9 vsi
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3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动) PDwi] )6mf
过去分词 ?;{ d
1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared. ji 'NR
2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做) `R\aNgCS}
这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。 }V@ *
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