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 考博英语语法归纳
英语语法归纳 nBJ'ak
一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式 5l[&-: (Lh
LZH~VkK@m} 2．被动形式 %E2V$l0
Q8D#kAYw a7!{`fR5 p-xG& CU v CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 w I;sZJc v 时间状语从句当中的时态： ] FgKL0 H@b4(6
^ *w}+tB 一般过去时 所有的过去 |{JI=$ 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 R3>c\mA 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 |*^}e54 一．非谓语动词 T;]Ob3(BpW
一．不定式： /P Tq.
t)= dKC 一）不定式的常考形式： )7p(htCz5
34Cnbtq^ 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. ~nb(e$?N 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. [b_qC' K[ 语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生 "l hj1zZ
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$<yl#FY 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. Q7-iy 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. bDm7$
( 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 4H Na E{O4
*;xGH 二）不定式常考的考点： 3 q J00A
97qf3^gGd 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 mH V{9J
L|L|l iWd 2）不定式做状语----目的 rxqSi0p
y/:%S2za> 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. ;mRZ_^V;
$ 7W5smW/ 三)不定式的省略 dwQ1 ~
lHDZfwJ&C1 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel W#E(?M[r
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a\t + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； @56*r@4:q + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 #p7gg6
1 I saw him work in the garden yesterday. g {i= $xc
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w~ F:z 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) Jm#p!G+ I saw him working in the garden yesterday. lC` w}0 p 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） #"lb9. _ M v 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. !h|,wq]k 2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to 97$Q?a8S@
lM}-'8tt? I ‘d like to have John do it. o A BrhK
2~l7WW+lx, I have my package weighed. rfYa<M Qc
g1}:;VG= Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. dP(.l}O
rMHh!)^#W 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do ]1XtV<
]s\vc:cc? 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： y`L.#5T
}Hq3]LVE want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do +Ugy=678Tr force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do Bpm C OA be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do o $W@@aM 'W4B 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式 9jY+0h*uP
yYYP;N?g4k accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to. ygj%VG 三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。 "igA^^?X1N
}/&Z o=Q$ He needs (a lot of) encouraging. Q~qM;l\i x {Utf$|
H"(#Tp ZTE 二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词 ^)Awj
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F-rhxJd 1)是名词 seeing is believing NK/y,f6 2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary. m BFNg3_ 一)动名词的形式: }BU% <5CQ
B>> _t2I U 一般形式：I don't like you smoking. h&CZN ! 完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice. u&uFXOc' 被动形式：This question is far from being settled. !;h&@LXG( 二) 动名词常考的点 2wB *c9~
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1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数 +DX P &Q
J&fIW Z 2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词 q
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}DM W,+3 3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语. f~ \H|E8(
/ 7\q#qIm: I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon． YR0AI l:L
A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对） Jh=.}FXnjL I regret not having taken your advice. /eH3
7H 4)有些词后只能接动名词 y[85eM
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K/0:], admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand... kN1R8| pv 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法： 4 ]m{^z`1 it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point... L
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a# ?M&@# lbG 5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可 cL*oO@I&_
=,;$d&#*h remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。 {
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Xwo+iZ(a I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作) )#i"hnYpQ
N}%AU m/L I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作) *,CJ 3< >
+C7E]0!r forgot与remember的用法类似。 R[l`# I I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你… eL"'-
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WO9vO S> I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。 f/8&-L try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness.
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2>^(&95M try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day. d9S?dx
$mKEx W I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。 ;}f {o^ ]' To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。 qzv ht4 prefer的用法： h
Qe78y 我宁愿在这里等。 k3t]lG p I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。） LlgFQfu8 I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。） $eT[`r I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。） r`sKe
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q:M'|5P 3 分词： >6&Rytcc]
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现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态 &E0^Jz
现在分词的形式: OhN2 FkxL
1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生) zi`q([
2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前) ! jAp V
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3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动) gV9 bt ~
过去分词 @N<h`vDa
1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared. Y=Ic<WHR
2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做) j~.tyxOq#
这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。 W+8 s>
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