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 考博英语语法归纳
英语语法归纳 rVl 8?u y
一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式 ] S[?tn
F4= =a8 2．被动形式 U,EoCAm>
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3O2G+G2 v CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 &<e18L 7a v 时间状语从句当中的时态：
U=~?ca z;1dMQ, # hE {";/}J 一般过去时 所有的过去 ^H.B6h? 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 'Eur[~k 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 >XgJo7u 一．非谓语动词 m~
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一．不定式： O.B9 w+G=
4C 3_ gm 一）不定式的常考形式： >;
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F9o7=5WAb 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. @bA5uY! 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. ^ 0YQlT98 语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生 'd$RNqe
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I 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. $,~Ily7w 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. <rE>?zvm 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 I%J>~=]n_
AZQQge 二）不定式常考的考点： I*N"_uKU
vQ*[tp#qU 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 BjfVNF;hk:
$b|LZE\bU. 2）不定式做状语----目的 <{cY2cx~3
32 i6j 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. *,Bm:F<m
d2UidDU5qa 三)不定式的省略 P_5aHeiJ
jl P*RX 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel _+B y=B.'
id:,\iJ + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； $Lj ]NtO + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 eP]y\S*P I saw him work in the garden yesterday. ;F258/J
! :]_ -DX 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) f`
Fj-<v I saw him working in the garden yesterday. "?zWCH 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） w317]-n v 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable.
~frsgHW 2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to 06&;GW!-
Vx<{cHQQ I ‘d like to have John do it. tAN !LI+w
&)k=c cm I have my package weighed. nCi
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)r46I $]> Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. 1 TTS @\
g*b`o87PI 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do _\d|`3RM
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5ClB 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： Q$U.vF7BnP
VvW4!1Dl want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do 01@ WU1IN force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do D
1.59mHsD be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do [l^XqD D4 q,ie)` 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式 '|]}f }Go
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dPfJ accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to. E?+~S M1~ 三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。 :.AC%'S
RCTqV.L He needs (a lot of) encouraging. UhW{K I W RTVU3 fw
6xx.Z3v 二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词 0Lj; t/mG
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:bx0:O" 1)是名词 seeing is believing ~Zsj@d 2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary. /{buFX2"} 一)动名词的形式: 2#$7!`6 K
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n 一般形式：I don't like you smoking. m>Wt'C c 完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice. 8-+# !] 被动形式：This question is far from being settled. P\ P=1NM 二) 动名词常考的点 *H/)S 5
4;~xRg;u&* 1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数 0UpRSh)#
+xIVlH9`Q 2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词 w$$pTk|&n
"T /$K 3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语. Z .`+IN(>E
^'N!k{x I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon． 6$PQ$ A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对） zz3{+1w] I regret not having taken your advice. -d!84_d9 4)有些词后只能接动名词 |C./gdq
$n8&5< admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand... HHy N\ 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法： G@rh/b<$ it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point... # lFsgb ~]%re9jG W Q.4+"JoG 5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可
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Kk. \P|k2 remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。 q= cnY+ p>
A\/DAVnI I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作) W:f )#'
|&S^L}V.C I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作) wMm+E "}W
}+NlY D:qF forgot与remember的用法类似。 Ey& A\ I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你… 0 n{+ _
suX^"Io%! I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。 l0!`>Xx[b try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness. X|TGM
eZpi+BRS6 try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day. -k,}LJjo
EffU-=?%! I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。 noW wX To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。 & ~)1mnv. prefer的用法： NUY s
QO) 我宁愿在这里等。 d$D3iv^hyx I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。） UD'e%IVw I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。） I}
]s( I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。） w\a9A#v, !E/%H v1
44h z, 3 分词： OB+I.qlHP
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现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态 K@=_
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现在分词的形式: ")q O#b4
1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生) ByXcs'
2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前) / ='/R7~
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3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动) )Chx,pcx
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过去分词 6n.C!,Zmn
1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared. Gm LKg >%
2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做) T EqCoeR
这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。 W-U[7n
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