级别: 初级博友
 
UID: 89031
精华:
0
发帖: 4
流量: 3 M
威望: 14 分
介绍博友: 0 个
人民币: 0 元
好评度: 0 点
注册时间: 2011-03-04
最后登录: 2011-03-05
|
 考博英语语法归纳
英语语法归纳 Gn4XVzB`O
一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式 iFZ.a.NDc
&3SmTg
% 2．被动形式 1&vR7z]*
`$F B[Z} & QIJ/'72 {XD':2E v CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 C)U U/4a; v 时间状语从句当中的时态： Der'45]* ^ @=Dc(5`[ Dd-a*6|x 一般过去时 所有的过去 u:B=lZ [ 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 BxZ7Bk 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 Md8<IFi9]Q 一．非谓语动词 WMWUP ZsGS
一．不定式： H]f[r~
6#\:J 0 一）不定式的常考形式： _j*I\
e@/' o/ 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. > p" U| 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. ![J_6 f}! 语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生 <(yAat$H
'$J M2 u 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. m AJ'>^`^ 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. 9`? M-U 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 ,WM-%2z^4I
nV`W0 r(f' 二）不定式常考的考点： ]1W ]
>$)~B 4 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 #h MkajG
\'iy( 8i 2）不定式做状语----目的 U;" J8
.b ^!f<j 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. 'op_GW
V7O7"Q^q 三)不定式的省略 >J_ P[v
^!n|j]aw 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel i&DUlmt)f
jB0Ts
;5 + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； \=x S?( v! + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 >&F:/ I saw him work in the garden yesterday. G|"m-.9F
5@I/+ D 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) >B*zz j I saw him working in the garden yesterday. =A$ d)& 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） `VD vxl@1 v 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. 4Mt RI 2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to |B64%w>Y
GxC\Nj# I ‘d like to have John do it. ziM@@$ .F
$&Z#2
X. I have my package weighed. A:pD:}fm}D
AI9922}* Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. . NxskXq)
-C!m#"PDW 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do
P.1Z@HC
40dwp*/! 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： >xsY"N&1i'
}9;mtMR$ want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do |Z+qaq{X force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do
&Mt0Qa[ be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do ^<
E]^n\bE% 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式 kV!1k<f
%afF
%y accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to. NdX C8 三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。 B+pLW/4
l
LW">9 ;n He needs (a lot of) encouraging. :7(d 6gEL If8
^
N$.ls48a4- 二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词 .1ep8
O <
cFuQ>xR1 1)是名词 seeing is believing I MpL+W. 2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary. 6 wXy;!2 一)动名词的形式: z=8l@&hYLq
P4c}@Mq3 一般形式：I don't like you smoking. */$] kE 完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice. #$!^1yO 被动形式：This question is far from being settled. O<dC vH 二) 动名词常考的点 Hd
gABIuX
X
d1+?2 1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数 =e h!eZ9
:X7O4?ww 2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词 8&bNI@:@
?}u][akM 3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语. g|4>S<uC
T ~p>Ed 9 I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon． FR]uCH A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对） 7~QAprwVS I regret not having taken your advice. !!Yf>0u#
4)有些词后只能接动名词 !L/. [:X
|t#s h admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand... V_|HzYJJ5 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法： 1WY $Vs it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point... zNEN[ 8. %g&% S hWb
jA[a/ 5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可 eV0eMDY5
a^VI) remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。 .l,NmF9
Jr>Nc}!U I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作) SF[Z] |0gs
CwO$E L:[` I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作) NpA%7Q~B$,
bF +d_t forgot与remember的用法类似。 ;b_< 5S I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你… u (`7F(R
}MM:q R I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。 F-Ku0z]){? try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness. gM6o~ E
aZ ta%3`) try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day. P>|sCF
dmMr Z1u2 I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。 AJP-7PPD
To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。 a1v?{vu\E prefer的用法： Vz y )jf 我宁愿在这里等。 /T 4GPi\lg I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。） ~jC$C2A0 I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。） .5#+)] l I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。） (T.g""N~` S Fqq(K2u
2W)KfS 3 分词： z,SNJIsx
4}<[4]f?|
现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态 $rQi$w/
现在分词的形式: (abtCuZ8z
1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生) DM{Z#b ]
2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前) z+Ej`$E{lD
W!a'KI'
3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动) /,ISx }
过去分词 !LpFK0rw
1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared. *47%| bf`
2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做) ~fz9PoC
这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。 5^36nEoA(
|
