级别: 初级博友
 
UID: 89031
精华:
0
发帖: 4
流量: 3 M
威望: 14 分
介绍博友: 0 个
人民币: 0 元
好评度: 0 点
注册时间: 2011-03-04
最后登录: 2011-03-05
|
 考博英语语法归纳
英语语法归纳 RU7+$Z0K
一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式 7HH@7vpJ^
wg% Z 2．被动形式 `;}qjm0a
hk5!$# ^ @||nd,i`n~ X<Xiva85 v CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 -0` n(`2 v 时间状语从句当中的时态： (O!CH N!: mg. _ c '"Uh
w$#t 一般过去时 所有的过去 EUrIh2 .Z 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 < ir]bQT 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 2Gj)fMK38 一．非谓语动词 @R;k@b
一．不定式： \AI-x$5R *
VL"Cxs
一）不定式的常考形式： ? c"i V
k=p[Mlic/ 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. V4Qy^nn1 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. !H)!b#_ 语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生 =%I;Y& K
}[c.OJ:
2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. Hd-g|'^K
被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. *(wx NsK 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 b
ettOg
2*gB ~Jn4 二）不定式常考的考点： z wwJyy%/
spQr1hx< 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 mL#$8wUdt{
&Wdi
5T8 2）不定式做状语----目的 qv:DpK
$Dv5TUKw 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. y^Q);siSy
~(Q#G" t 三)不定式的省略 @a =jSB#B
1@TL
>jq 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel ?y "M>#
d}|z+D + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； Q_0_6,Opb + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 @li/Y6Wh I saw him work in the garden yesterday. /Q89 y[
u35"oLV6}# 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) H _| re I saw him working in the garden yesterday. a>d`g 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） BT$Oh4y4 v 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. _sL;E<)y( 2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to Fs =)*6}&
H,7!"!?@N I ‘d like to have John do it. @W==)S%O
+n% 8 *F& I have my package weighed. \;Q!}_ K
cBOt=vg,5 Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. ~Dw%
d;
tehWGqx) 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do xh25 *y
]F;1 l3I- 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： 4 +p1`
-r~9'aEs want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do qwn EVjf force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do ~,8#\] xR be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do )"2eN3H/ *1:kIi7_ 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式 1 >2
/1
>
Pj BBXI1i accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to. .vi0D uD6 三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。 uG YH4
?zVE7;r4U He needs (a lot of) encouraging. P"@^BQ4 ;l < amB
fI=p^k: 二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词 r5$!41
y;P%= M P 1)是名词 seeing is believing zh(=kS ` 2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary. +<B"g{dLuX 一)动名词的形式: :RBeq,QaO
txX>z
R*)
一般形式：I don't like you smoking. l!\~T"-7;: 完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice. |}X[Yg=FG 被动形式：This question is far from being settled. A4KkX 二) 动名词常考的点 |X6R 2I
x 7jFYC 1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数 z|(<Co8#.
~9;udBfwF 2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词 `ah
"Q;d$
cBZJ 3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语. RfCu5 Kn
)%8s t' I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon． 'coY`B; 8 A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对） :<5jlpV( I regret not having taken your advice. -<" ;|v4 4)有些词后只能接动名词
u6MU
@?
-uhVw_qq # admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand... OE _V6 Er 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法： {*<%6? it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point... Qx_N,1>S (''w$qq"D 3[ xHY@c 5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可 - "{hP
5FsfJpw remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。 )a%E $`
6
tB\X^ I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作) Xc~BHEp
iI &z5Q2 I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作) B ^{~,'
+Z]
}ce
u" forgot与remember的用法类似。 $ P2*qpqy I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你… w U1[/
O:imX>|u I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。 [ e{D try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness.
RS@G.|
9 aK U}y try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day. @CoUFdbz
Y)#,6\=U I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。 BH}M]<5 To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。 H wz$zF+R prefer的用法： xl,6O!aR 我宁愿在这里等。 ~aXJ5sY"f& I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。） 'a:';hU3f I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。） u<+"#.[2v~ I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。） U r8
J G&, ]u:Ij|.'y0
=?N$0F! 3 分词： {!! 8 *ix
*qxv"PptX
现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态 %zhSSB =BJ
现在分词的形式: ofs Lx6Po
1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生) (UT A3Db
2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前) 1)f <
?u0qYep:
3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动) AKS. XW
过去分词 Zv9% }%7p
1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared. &v feBth
2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做) _{GD\Ai _W
这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。 _:Jma
|
