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 考博英语语法归纳
英语语法归纳 _
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一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式 xP;>p|
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p: eaZ 2．被动形式 IjQgmS~G
5~(nHCf> L&]{GNw 8|+@A1)&4 v CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 sqRvnCD!
v 时间状语从句当中的时态： -b ?s\X W* n|T{n gl2l%]=\' 一般过去时 所有的过去 q S
ggZ0* 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 qzSm]l?z 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 lACS^( 一．非谓语动词 [ g=4'4EZc
一．不定式： $H/:
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F+W{R+6 一）不定式的常考形式： Fa{[kJ8z
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U @hqS 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. zqRps8= 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. SWT)M1O2 语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生 y7'9KQ
<^ratz!- 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. i|S/g.r 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. 20:![/7:! 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 tvUC d}
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?&k$n 二）不定式常考的考点： `84, R!
$j4/ohwTDY 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 %P C[-(
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Oz<# s{Z 2）不定式做状语----目的 Ak3V< =g x
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f 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. @R`Ao9n9V
:g+ wv}z 三)不定式的省略 E[FE-{B#
*- E '$ 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel E7I$GD
o,/w E + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； Ve xxdg + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 HY (XI u I saw him work in the garden yesterday. TrQUhmS/!
iAt&927 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) x X.{(er I saw him working in the garden yesterday. 3MDs?qx>s 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） .kB!',v\ v 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. Q9&H/]"v 2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to a&7uRR26
Y<_;8%S I ‘d like to have John do it. 3KtJT&RuL
>.uIp4@( I have my package weighed. bKE iS8x
D[Q/:_2l Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. /Zxq-9
ZzxWKIE'c 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do - wh
Tl1H2s=G- 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： 8d&%H,
\m=k~Cf:f want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do e%IbM E]x force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do }i^$
li@ be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do 5<P6PHdY e\!Aoky 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式 as@?
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xqQK-? k accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to. #aiI]' 三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。 +,j6dYub
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(Lj He needs (a lot of) encouraging. 9Q'[>P=1 M`E}1WNQ?]
"=V!-+*@G@ 二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词 Eu%E2 A|`I
hE<Sm*HU 1)是名词 seeing is believing 0
ZSn r+ 2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary. &(e5*Q 一)动名词的形式: c e; zn\
DO( 3hIj 一般形式：I don't like you smoking. qh6rMqq 完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice. ZT8LMPC 被动形式：This question is far from being settled. F!p; ]B 二) 动名词常考的点 >8b%*f 8R
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FJ ae 1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数 e1%kW1Z9
G6+6u Wvl 2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词 CxSh.$l
NEvN j 3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语. Zxozhmg
$cU7)vmK` I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon． USS%T<Vk A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对） drk BW}_ I regret not having taken your advice. /Z,hQ>/ 4)有些词后只能接动名词 dZI["FeO&d
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-C~C]& admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand... * )Cr1d k 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法： X
8-x$07) it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point... j%Xa8$ adAdX;@e` e`q*'u1? 5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可 gS@<sO$d>
E!BzE_|i remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。 )Y9\>Xj7
p \9}}t7n I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作) O0s!3hKu
29VX-45 I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作) .l5-i@=W
4>a(!h t forgot与remember的用法类似。 x<' $ I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你… 2eA.04F
6,MQT,F I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。 +8x_f0 < try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness. c b&Y f1
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7; try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day. 4*Gv0#dga
ZoSyc--Bv I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。 Cl-P6NlR". To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。 cofdDHXfQI prefer的用法： kS=n H9 我宁愿在这里等。 DV[FZ I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。） k0#s{<I]E I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。） K~I?i/P=z I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。） hayJgkZ ' kh:_,
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('U TjV 3 分词： 8q9ATB-^>
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现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态 >]ZE<.
现在分词的形式: P=KhR&gwV~
1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生) .P/0 `A{&
2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前) _ SOwiz
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3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动) ; <B
过去分词 _$5DK%M}
1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared. *PV"&cx
2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做) w Wfj#IB;R
这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。 (a8iCci:
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