英语中基本句式 %UDz4?zx
)[&'\SOO
英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: d[mmwgSR?I
S十V主谓结构 .?T,>#R
S十V十F主系表结构 -FRMal4Pg0
S十V十O主谓宾结构 l"70|~
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 [=k$Q
(.3
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 W^{zlg
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 dm8N;r/w
五个基本句式详细解释如下: YJdM6
1.S十V句式 = F*SAz
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: a;a^- n|D
He runs quickly. e
]-fb{oVH
他跑得快。 6Ih8~Hu
They listened carefully. *AK{GfP_
他们听得很仔细。 []^fb,5a
He suffered from cold and hunger. (考试大) vmEbk/Vy
他挨冻受饿。 zt&"K0X|
China belongs to the third world country. N_jpCCG~
中国属于第三世界国家。 $?x;?wS0V
The gas has given out. \
@XvEx%
煤气用完了。 TS2zzYE6Z
My ink has run out. 3|++2Z{},
我的钢笔水用完了。 'PO+P~|oa&
2.S十V十P句式 w3hG\2)[HS
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: %=w@c
He is older than he looks. w?eJVi@w{
他比看上去要老。 Gl am(V1
He seen interested in the book. !H)Cua)
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 9Rf})$o+
The story sounds interesting. vZ6_/ew8
这个故事听起来有趣。 FaA'%P@
The desk feels hard. V^S` d8?
书桌摸起来很硬。 c]Z@L~WW
The cake tastes nice. :`Sd5b>
饼尝起来很香。 ^ "D
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. 0&21'K)pW
花闻起来香甜。 +uqP:z
You have grown taller than before. w *Txc}
你长得比以前高了。 B5R/GV
He has suddenly fallen ill.(examda) 9
coN >y
他突然病倒了。 Id}@
He stood quite still. ]DJ]L=T7
他静静地站看。 9JtPP
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. Y^(NzN
他长大后当了教师。 h0c&}kM
He could never turn traitor to his country. >Y)FoHa+/
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 znq/
%7
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: K0 6 E:
He looked me up and down. "k>;K,:
他上下打量我。 }uo
.N
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. yv+DM`0
他伸出手来摸象。 @C"w
1}
They are tasting the fish. nq,P.~l
他们在品尝鱼。 ,\CG}-v@CN
They grow rice in their home town. 6>e YG<y{
他们在家乡种水稻。 \0bZ1"
He's got a chair to sit on. :G/.h[\R|
他有椅子坐。 :/6gGU>pu
Please turn the sentence into English. @'lO~i
请把这个句于泽成英语。 S!{Kn ;@
3.S十V十O句式 Fq`wx
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: >G<.^
~o
I saw a film yesterday. *p>1s!i
我昨天看了一部电影。 2I
qvd
Have you read the story? 1Zi(5S)
你读过这个故事吗? 1z5\>F
They found their home easily. r<XlIi
他们很容易找到他们的家。 A_}%YHb
They built a house last year. =F>nqklc
他们去年建了一所房子。 Mz:t[rfs
They've put up a factory in the village. >x6$F*:W}
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 /&Vgo~.J
They have taken good care of the children. $KGpcl
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 y|0I3n]e
You should look after your children well. AcCM
W@e
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 Ze>Pg.k+
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 b/Q\
.!
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: q=|0lZ$`V_
He gave me a book/a book to me. twA2U7F
他给我一本书。 SjRR8p<
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. 0Fi&7%
他带给我一枝钢笔。 W=)wiRQm
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. B%e#u.'6
他把座位让给我。 bAl0z)p
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: 9X2l H~C
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. >|e>=
妈妈给我买了一本书。 e2xqKG
He got me a chair/a chair for me. /\B[lRn
他给我弄了一把椅子。 Gr
a(DGX
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. M+N7JpR
请帮我一下。 .$,.w__m~
He asked me a question/a question of me. 9ywP
WT[^
他问我个问题。 ecI[lB
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: Cq0S8Or0
They robbed the old man of his money. Jc#()4
他们抢了老人的钱。 $K,6!FyBa
He's warned me of the danger. >iCk
vQ
他警告我注意危险。 32flOi:
The doctor has cured him of his disease. AjQ^
{P
医生治好了他的病。 t*? CD.S
We must rid the house of th erats. 2Q,8@2w;
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 p5KM(N6f
They deprived him of his right to speak. tN
5brf
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 gJyFt8Z<
5.S十V十O十C句式 35
;)O -
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 \kpk-[W*x{
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 eqSCNYN
They made the girl angry. FRicHs n
他们使这个女孩生气了。 bT@7&
They found her happy that day. @5%c P
他们发现那天她很高兴。 W"rX$D[Le
I found him out. .,K?(O4AY
我发现他出去了。 >NN |vj
I saw him in. bp6 La`+
我见他在家。 Q~4o{"3.'
They saw a foot mark in the sand. xa#:oKF3
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 Y"mD)\Bw?
They named the boy Charlie. ]t|KFk!)
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 N1Y*IkW"
I saw him come in and go out. v&U'%1|
我见他进来又出去。 #](k
,% 2
They felt the car moving fast. $7a
R f'
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 ij6M E6
I heard the glass broken just now. joifIp_
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 c3|;'s
He found the doctor of study closed to him. gv;=Yhw.c
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。 ..7"&-?g{4
3vOI=ar=L~
J=TbZL4y}4