英语中基本句式 N9LBji;nH
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英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: ( ONn{12Q
S十V主谓结构 }7iWm XlI
S十V十F主系表结构 3xS+Pu\)
S十V十O主谓宾结构 N3?hyR<T
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 N
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S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 2E~WcB
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 *0>![v
五个基本句式详细解释如下: yZup4#>8
1.S十V句式 e~tgd8a2a
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: m0xL'g6F
He runs quickly. gycjIy@t
他跑得快。 C[f'
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They listened carefully. X0<qG
他们听得很仔细。
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He suffered from cold and hunger. (考试大) -#0(Jm'
他挨冻受饿。 8bQ\7jb
China belongs to the third world country. @tQu3Rq@
中国属于第三世界国家。 V+#Sb
The gas has given out. ~JjL411pG
煤气用完了。 E'3=qTbiD
My ink has run out. f4A;v|5_
我的钢笔水用完了。 }j=UO*|
2.S十V十P句式 FT.6
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在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: u6hDjN
He is older than he looks. &PY~m<F
他比看上去要老。 Yj%hgb:)
He seen interested in the book. `SDpOqfIrP
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 +Sz%2Q
The story sounds interesting. 9a\H+Y~
这个故事听起来有趣。 |
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The desk feels hard.
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书桌摸起来很硬。 Y"Y%JJ.J
The cake tastes nice. R _#x
饼尝起来很香。 ug?gVK
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. 2~`lvx
花闻起来香甜。 rGa@!^hk
You have grown taller than before. 2o8:[3C5
你长得比以前高了。 *\#/4_yB}
He has suddenly fallen ill.(examda) 4XL$I*;4
他突然病倒了。 :/rl \woA>
He stood quite still. r"E%U:y3P
他静静地站看。 E[Xqyp!<
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. U-F\3a;&
他长大后当了教师。 kSW=DE|#}
He could never turn traitor to his country. e
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他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 HgGwV;W
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: .[8!
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He looked me up and down. h#hx(5"6
他上下打量我。 J&P{7a
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. PpXzWWU":
他伸出手来摸象。 s=S
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They are tasting the fish. x3>ZO.Q
他们在品尝鱼。 wDQ@$T^vh
They grow rice in their home town. A&?8 rc
他们在家乡种水稻。 }nEa9h
He's got a chair to sit on. m&PfZ%'[
他有椅子坐。 \T'.b93~B
Please turn the sentence into English. hQeGr2gMq
请把这个句于泽成英语。 lQS(\}N
3.S十V十O句式 @d&JtA
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: k!Ym<RD%N
I saw a film yesterday. 58S q
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我昨天看了一部电影。 m&PB5s\=
Have you read the story? \DiAfx<Ub
你读过这个故事吗? XnwVK
They found their home easily. zb]e{$q2C
他们很容易找到他们的家。 0&~JC>S
They built a house last year. 1^ijKn@6
他们去年建了一所房子。 k/Z]zZC
They've put up a factory in the village. !.G knDT
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 0$qK: ze
They have taken good care of the children. lC=-1*WH
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 &wX568o
You should look after your children well. 2/iBk'd
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 ]+k]Gbty6
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 o5E5s9n
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: b$eN]L
He gave me a book/a book to me. ]@I>OcH
他给我一本书。 w)Xn MyD(P
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. 8U%y[2sT
他带给我一枝钢笔。 .MS41
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He offered me his seat/his seat to me. cGSG}m@B`
他把座位让给我。 k|^YYi=xF
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: &R))c|>OT&
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. B/_~j_n$m
妈妈给我买了一本书。 ]&?8l:3-G
He got me a chair/a chair for me. ]i/Bq!d l
他给我弄了一把椅子。 c :2 w(BVi
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. _]zH4o<p
请帮我一下。 Gn %"
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He asked me a question/a question of me. Y6`^E
他问我个问题。 J)EL<K$Z[
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: rh DiIO_
They robbed the old man of his money. _l+8[\v
他们抢了老人的钱。 Mt*V-`+\
He's warned me of the danger. Yw6uh4
他警告我注意危险。 $T6+6<
The doctor has cured him of his disease. X>i{288M3
医生治好了他的病。 fizL_`uMqb
We must rid the house of th erats. FEi@MJJ\e
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 61}eB/;7
They deprived him of his right to speak. b"nD5r
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 M0t9`Z9
5.S十V十O十C句式 5
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在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 3i#'osq
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 A
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They made the girl angry. ')TS'p,n
他们使这个女孩生气了。 $|N\(}R
They found her happy that day. 1/v#Z#3[
他们发现那天她很高兴。 8H,k0~D
I found him out. 'A9Z ((
我发现他出去了。 &YBZuq2?
I saw him in. x->+wJm@s
我见他在家。 *=P*b|P"$
They saw a foot mark in the sand. >[ g=G
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 FQ0PXY
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They named the boy Charlie. Q\}Ck+d`a
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 z0UtKE^b
I saw him come in and go out. 6m@B.+1
我见他进来又出去。 +$F,!rV-s
They felt the car moving fast. T!i
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他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 %LuA:{EVD
I heard the glass broken just now. OlgM7Vrl
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 O
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He found the doctor of study closed to him. ZSr!L@S
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。 `fE'$2
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