英语中基本句式 G%~V b
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英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: ;*qXjv&
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S十V主谓结构 DH
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S十V十F主系表结构 '~b
S十V十O主谓宾结构 9'p| [?]v
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 x%X3FbF]
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 g[i;>XyP
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 ?:vg`m!*
五个基本句式详细解释如下: 60~*$`
1.S十V句式 }%wP^6G*x\
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: &S.p%Qe"
He runs quickly. * g+v*q X
他跑得快。 C|H`.|Q
They listened carefully. @B{
他们听得很仔细。 Usht\<{
He suffered from cold and hunger. (考试大) 7202N?a
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他挨冻受饿。 2FL_!;p;2E
China belongs to the third world country. +
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中国属于第三世界国家。 "c~``i\G
The gas has given out. "j`T'%EV
煤气用完了。 LU*mR{B
My ink has run out. .nr%c*JUp
我的钢笔水用完了。 OvdBUcp[
2.S十V十P句式 ,EH-Sf2Cb
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: o}36bi{
He is older than he looks. N<(rP1)`v
他比看上去要老。 vRmzjd~
He seen interested in the book. ~Gg19x.#uW
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 !`U #Pjp.
The story sounds interesting. mV7_O//
这个故事听起来有趣。 |Qpo[E}a
The desk feels hard. -uAGG?ZER
书桌摸起来很硬。 cw
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The cake tastes nice. u 8~5e
饼尝起来很香。 PwAmnk !
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. GO#eI]>/r
花闻起来香甜。 huin?,eGz
You have grown taller than before. R'1"`@fG
你长得比以前高了。 Q|Pm8{8
He has suddenly fallen ill.(examda) 9Xh<vh8&
他突然病倒了。 j1@PfKh
He stood quite still. \ ]h$8JwV
他静静地站看。 vnsMh
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. oW/H8 q<wY
他长大后当了教师。 n22OPvp
He could never turn traitor to his country. 28,HZaXhc
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 ukXKUYNm8
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: h3-dJgb
He looked me up and down. #mv~1tL
他上下打量我。 gG6BEsGa,
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. !L'O")!3
他伸出手来摸象。
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They are tasting the fish. w259':
他们在品尝鱼。 =^3B&qQNq
They grow rice in their home town. ZGWZ2>k
他们在家乡种水稻。 _;5N@2?
He's got a chair to sit on. ]a=Bc~g91
他有椅子坐。 N]@e7P'9F
Please turn the sentence into English. $t$YdleIH
请把这个句于泽成英语。 V4
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3.S十V十O句式 >5=uq
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在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: O0#9D'{
I saw a film yesterday. g JMv
我昨天看了一部电影。 z}m)u
Have you read the story? ^c]lEo
你读过这个故事吗? )OcG$H NK
They found their home easily. Nl `8Kcv
他们很容易找到他们的家。 27KfT]=
They built a house last year. q!zsGf{
他们去年建了一所房子。 s\dF7/b
They've put up a factory in the village. /_*L8b
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 ^iq$zHbc0u
They have taken good care of the children. R+O[,UM^I~
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 SLG3u;Ab
You should look after your children well. j;']L}R
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 PH}^RR{H[
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 [8QE}TFic
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: \;G 97
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He gave me a book/a book to me. |F 18j9
他给我一本书。 hD:$Sv/H
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. CdRgI^5
他带给我一枝钢笔。 #Mz
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He offered me his seat/his seat to me. b}[W[J}`
他把座位让给我。 xv{iWJcs
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: T?+xx^wYk
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. {AY`\G
妈妈给我买了一本书。 :h&*<!O2B`
He got me a chair/a chair for me. ^vmyiF
他给我弄了一把椅子。 7
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Please do me a favor/a favor for me. In)#`E` g.
请帮我一下。 '%
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He asked me a question/a question of me. *}\!&Zk"
他问我个问题。 $e! i4pM
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: #isBE}sT{
They robbed the old man of his money. G!54 e
他们抢了老人的钱。 `bGAc&,&
He's warned me of the danger. @^vVou_
他警告我注意危险。 7K`A2
The doctor has cured him of his disease. iaq0\d.[7
医生治好了他的病。 kg$<^:uX
We must rid the house of th erats. '(kySf[
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。
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They deprived him of his right to speak. C,w$)x5kls
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 \HDRr*KO
5.S十V十O十C句式 Got5(^'c
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 S)GWr"m-
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 & h9ji[
They made the girl angry. 3_IuK6K2
他们使这个女孩生气了。 }`yIO"{8n
They found her happy that day. Jjz:-Uqq2
他们发现那天她很高兴。 ~)}npS;
I found him out. P}H7W
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我发现他出去了。 gydPy
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I saw him in. v[ru }/4
我见他在家。 8@qYzSx[
They saw a foot mark in the sand. 1P4jdp=~
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 W\zg#5fmK
They named the boy Charlie. $CO^dFf
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 VZJs@qx:Z
I saw him come in and go out. G7`7e@{
我见他进来又出去。 q?&vV`PG5
They felt the car moving fast. 'uBW1,
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 ^l
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I heard the glass broken just now. *:3flJt
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 <O>r e3s
He found the doctor of study closed to him. 3t(nV4uDF
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。 ]~ )FMWQz-
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