英语中基本句式 bd_&=VLTC
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英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: &z8I@
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S十V主谓结构 T*e>_\Tx
S十V十F主系表结构 #-r,;
S十V十O主谓宾结构 l.NV]up+
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 {a;my"ly
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 D',[M)
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 h2<Y*j
五个基本句式详细解释如下: MZ
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1.S十V句式 oP vk ^H
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: :!Ea.v
He runs quickly. LVt{`
他跑得快。 jg%HaA<zO
They listened carefully. kB:6e7D|[
他们听得很仔细。 W{'RR.
He suffered from cold and hunger. (考试大) AT$eTZ]M
他挨冻受饿。 0@ccXFE
China belongs to the third world country. JWzN 'a R
中国属于第三世界国家。 b9FfDDOq"
The gas has given out. 33/aYy
煤气用完了。 ,-({m'
My ink has run out. afE`GG-
我的钢笔水用完了。 +eT
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2.S十V十P句式 G3r9@2OC
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: N i\*<:_
He is older than he looks. n\CQ-*;l
他比看上去要老。 35>VCjCw0
He seen interested in the book. @!;EW
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他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 9j6##@{
The story sounds interesting. KNH.4A ,
这个故事听起来有趣。 #A&(b}#:o
The desk feels hard. L!fiW`>0G
书桌摸起来很硬。 5 *w
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The cake tastes nice. 1lAx"VL
饼尝起来很香。 qhNY<
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. 4O~E4" ]
花闻起来香甜。 *C>B-j$
You have grown taller than before. ` #!~+
你长得比以前高了。 7x,c)QES`
He has suddenly fallen ill.(examda) _!m_s5{
他突然病倒了。 X^pxu6nm-
He stood quite still. DBUhqRfl
他静静地站看。 ;a]Lxx;-
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. &PfCY{_
他长大后当了教师。 q '6gj
He could never turn traitor to his country. mQVc ZV
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 d~lB4
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: v7;zce/~
He looked me up and down. y-Xd~<*Ia
他上下打量我。 !>%U8A
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. n9qO;X4&
他伸出手来摸象。
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They are tasting the fish. pI__<
他们在品尝鱼。 $?38o6
They grow rice in their home town. ;B8#Nf
他们在家乡种水稻。 .I6:iB
He's got a chair to sit on. }P
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他有椅子坐。 .
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Please turn the sentence into English. @y{i.G
请把这个句于泽成英语。 k>W5ts2+
3.S十V十O句式 'Gn-8r+
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: ^LA.Y)4C2%
I saw a film yesterday. a6UW,n"n
我昨天看了一部电影。 ^uU'Qc4S=
Have you read the story? M?61g(
你读过这个故事吗? /}_OCuJJ,
They found their home easily. mw^Di
他们很容易找到他们的家。 auV'`PR
They built a house last year. 3f 1@<7*
他们去年建了一所房子。 iQrTEp
They've put up a factory in the village. c1v,5c6d j
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 h
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They have taken good care of the children. Dy>U=(S
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 Jk$XL<t
You should look after your children well. lX)RG*FlTC
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 M4;A4V=W
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 Y0kDHG
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: Vrz6<c-'B
He gave me a book/a book to me. YNGG> ;L
他给我一本书。 n&?]GyQ
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. $N7:;X"l
他带给我一枝钢笔。
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He offered me his seat/his seat to me. a '/yN{?p
他把座位让给我。 jg
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注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: \wmNeGC2
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. #
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妈妈给我买了一本书。 yFt'<{z[nL
He got me a chair/a chair for me. RI#Cr+/
他给我弄了一把椅子。 {FR#je
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. AHws5#;$6*
请帮我一下。 @@U'I^iG
He asked me a question/a question of me. ^>?gFvWB%
他问我个问题。 aHKv*-z-
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: OQ<|XdI$
They robbed the old man of his money. I;`)1
他们抢了老人的钱。 %g3@m5&
He's warned me of the danger. pCSR^ua>
他警告我注意危险。 Pms"YhyZ7
The doctor has cured him of his disease. [wAI;=.
医生治好了他的病。 'xAfcP[^
We must rid the house of th erats. 3_(fisvx
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 d$<HMs:o@
They deprived him of his right to speak. \D BtU7"v
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 ' } rUbJo
5.S十V十O十C句式 ]zHUF!a*
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 1btQ[a6j
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 wm|{@z
They made the girl angry. ;4of7d
他们使这个女孩生气了。 ml7]sN(
They found her happy that day. 0_Tr>hz
他们发现那天她很高兴。 L.bR\fE
I found him out. i
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我发现他出去了。 ,qJ/Jt$A
I saw him in. [ajF
我见他在家。 aG QC
They saw a foot mark in the sand. l)`bm/k]V
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 7Zp'}Om<I
They named the boy Charlie. <R>qOX8
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 H2 7_T]\
I saw him come in and go out. s =Pwkte
我见他进来又出去。 t_c;4iE
They felt the car moving fast. JnH>L|G{;%
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 QbqEe/*$_
I heard the glass broken just now. )s1W)J?8
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 +=hiLfnE
He found the doctor of study closed to him. .r+ u pY
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。 =7ul,
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