英语中基本句式 V+Cb.$@
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英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: Lc<Gny^
S十V主谓结构 qDcl;{L
S十V十F主系表结构 v,g,c`BjK
S十V十O主谓宾结构 J
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S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 ukG1<j7.
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 v6oZD;;~
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 63:ZDQ
五个基本句式详细解释如下: _|*3uGo:
1.S十V句式 Yng9_w9Y
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: Z)6bqU<LQE
He runs quickly. KwpNS(]I
他跑得快。 9W'#4
They listened carefully. ?P"ht
他们听得很仔细。 vcV=9q8P1
He suffered from cold and hunger. (考试大) *pI3"_
他挨冻受饿。 T*A_F
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China belongs to the third world country. FA4bv9:hi
中国属于第三世界国家。 ^f3F~XhY3
The gas has given out. ,JV
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煤气用完了。 1j0yON
My ink has run out. S~Nx;sB
我的钢笔水用完了。 HESwz{eSS
2.S十V十P句式 Fnll&TF
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: aEX+M57k~
He is older than he looks. xx9qi^
他比看上去要老。 rJ!xzge;G
He seen interested in the book. _CI! 7%
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 9^Wj<
The story sounds interesting. eJJvEvZ,
这个故事听起来有趣。 5^P)='0*
The desk feels hard. B8B^@
书桌摸起来很硬。 zL)m!:_
The cake tastes nice. ULQ*cW&;?
饼尝起来很香。 ^pZ(^
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. Dc BTW+
花闻起来香甜。 6 D~b9e
You have grown taller than before. &XgB-}^:
你长得比以前高了。 pw&l.t6
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He has suddenly fallen ill.(examda) X "1q$xwc
他突然病倒了。 Ibpk\a?A{
He stood quite still. m0un=>{
他静静地站看。 j.ANBE96>
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. HOu<,9?>Q
他长大后当了教师。 ,bJZs-
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He could never turn traitor to his country. eMWY[f3
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。
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注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: (AR-8
He looked me up and down. vbFY}
他上下打量我。 D~2,0K
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. ,n&Dg58K
他伸出手来摸象。 )"j_NlO
They are tasting the fish. zPhNV8k-
他们在品尝鱼。 Q"QrbU
They grow rice in their home town. CEI#x~Oq
他们在家乡种水稻。 N"HN]Y@w
He's got a chair to sit on. C7)].vUN
他有椅子坐。 !cWKY\lpv
Please turn the sentence into English. 8FbBv"LI,g
请把这个句于泽成英语。 >Q"eaJxE!l
3.S十V十O句式
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在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: UW)k]@
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I saw a film yesterday. mufF_e)
我昨天看了一部电影。 _(oJ8h(
Have you read the story? t'R&$;z@b
你读过这个故事吗? ?vM{9!M
They found their home easily. tPFV6n
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他们很容易找到他们的家。 ]6}|X#_
They built a house last year. 6VCw>x
他们去年建了一所房子。 M
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They've put up a factory in the village. zXp{9P\c
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 s)_sLt8?
They have taken good care of the children. ?XW+&!ar
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 4sROMk=l
You should look after your children well. kw?RUt0-V
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 #WfJz}P,!
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 T>W(Caelq
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: >;0z-;k6
He gave me a book/a book to me. +O9l@X$l=
他给我一本书。 D:%$a]_f
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. Q/0;r{@Tq}
他带给我一枝钢笔。 /T*{Mo{B
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. jS|(g##4
他把座位让给我。 scN}eg:5
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: $mp7IZE|
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. +ZGOv,l
妈妈给我买了一本书。 `p'L3u5H-
He got me a chair/a chair for me. ?Cmb3pX^\
他给我弄了一把椅子。 hq\KSFP
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. gY;N>Yq,C
请帮我一下。 qfN<w&P
He asked me a question/a question of me. 0*q~(.>a
他问我个问题。 bNIT 1'v
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: /rJvw
They robbed the old man of his money. [xM07%:
他们抢了老人的钱。 ("mW=Ln
He's warned me of the danger. !YAkHrF`[0
他警告我注意危险。 uyAhN
The doctor has cured him of his disease. c|ZZ+2IYd
医生治好了他的病。 x7{,4js
We must rid the house of th erats. ZOS{F_2.
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 LhV4 ^\+
They deprived him of his right to speak. yf_<o
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 XwlUkw"q
5.S十V十O十C句式 @RT yCr
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 <*4=sX@
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 T|
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They made the girl angry. /j3oHi$
他们使这个女孩生气了。 7_q"%xH
They found her happy that day. &Q
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他们发现那天她很高兴。 a$;+-
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I found him out. 5dY
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我发现他出去了。 D.$EvUSK<.
I saw him in. yu}
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我见他在家。 ?9=yo5M}
They saw a foot mark in the sand.
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他们发现沙地上有脚印。 i.K}(bo;b
They named the boy Charlie. B%'Np7
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 G)b ]uX
I saw him come in and go out. KHF5Nt
我见他进来又出去。 Rs<,kMRGVL
They felt the car moving fast. |bd5aRS9
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 _)%4NjWKk
I heard the glass broken just now. .fQDj{
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 5'oWd
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He found the doctor of study closed to him. FVF:1DT
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。 b\^ Sz{
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